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Organic Geochemical Evaluation of Shale Units of Bokh Formation, ogaden Basin, Ethiopia

Open Journal of Geology 2020年第5期10卷 565-578页

作者： Temesgen Oljira Matthew E. Nton Oluwadayo O. Sonibare Pan African University Institute of Life and Earth Science (Including Health and Agriculture) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Shale sample from Bokh Formation, ogaden basin, Ethiopia was assessed for their petroleum potential by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) values range from 0.76 to 0.86 wt%. These values exceed the minimum value of 0.5 wt% required for potential petroleum source rocks. The genetic potential (GP) and hydrogen index (HI) values range from 0.09 to 0.5 mg/g and 8 - 32 mgHC/gTOC, respectively. These values are generally lower than the minimal 2 mg/g GP and 200 mgHC/g HI required for a potential source rock. Several plots from the Rock-Eval pyrolysis data classify the samples as type IV kerogen with no potential to generate hydrocarbons. The Tmax and Production Index (PI) values range from 388°C to 453°C and 0.28 to 0.46, respectively. These values indicate that the shales are thermally matured. These results show that the shales from the Bokh Formation in ogaden basin have no potential to generate hydrocarbons mainly crude oil, but are thermally matured and may generate natural gas.

关键词： ogaden Basin Bokh Formation Shale Hydrocarbon Source Rock

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Traditional Selection Criteria of ogaden Cattle in Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Production Systems and Its Implication to Resilience of the Breed in the Face of Climate Change in the Future

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： Yesihak Yusuf Mummed School of Animal and Range Science Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

Selecting for adapted livestock breeds that will produce at optimum in the anticipated climate change scenario is one way of sustaining the production system. Africa has accumulated indigenous knowledge to coping up with climate variability in the past. It is common practice to shift to livestock agriculture as climate becomes less predicted in Africa. Cattle contribute more than 80% of meat and milk in Ethiopia. The aim of this paper was to identify traditional selection criteria of ogaden cattle breed in pastoral and agro pastoral production systems and suggest possible intervention strategies. Questionnaire survey was conducted in Wabeshebele Zone of Ethiopia, in three districts based on cattle population and accessibility on 126 households. The results of the study revealed that farmers preferred to own diversified livestock species to cope up with unpredicted climate. Milk production and body conformation were ranked first and second criteria in selecting female which were followed by adaptive characteristics such as coat color, fertility and longevity, respectively, while in male, adaptive characters such as hump size, body conformation, coat color and fertility were given priority over milk production. Selection criteria of cattle practiced in the society strongly favored adaptation and ability to perform in feed constraint environment in addition to meat, milk and fertility. However, the simplest reproductive biotechnology, AI, was rarely practiced in the study area. It was recommended that indigenous knowledge of the society on selection criteria of the cattle breed need to be integrated with utilization of assisted reproductive biotechnologies and on farm research innovations on the breed so far acquired in any improvement program of the breed in the future.

关键词： ogaden Cattle Traditional Selection Criteria Adaptation

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