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Influence of temperature and salinity on hydrodynamic forces

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第4期1卷 325-336页

作者： A.Escobar V.Negro J.S.López-Gutiérrez M.D.Esteban Technical University of Madrid C/Profesor Aranguren S/N28040 MadridSpain

The purpose of this study is to introduce an innovative approach to offshore engineering so as to take variations in sea temperature and salinity into account in the calculation of hydrodynamic *** this in mind,a thorough critical analysis of the influence of sea temperature and salinity on hydrodynamic forces on piles like those used nowadays in offshore wind farms will be carried *** influence on hydrodynamic forces occurs through a change in water density and viscosity due to temperature and salinity ***,the aim here is to observe whether models currently used to estimate wave forces on piles are valid for different ranges of sea temperature and salinity apart from observing the limit when diffraction or nonlinear effects arise combining both effects with the magnitude of the pile ***,specific software has been developed to simulate equations in fluid mechanics taking into account nonlinear and diffraction *** software enables wave produced forces on a cylinder supported on the sea bed to be *** study includes observations on the calculation model’s sensitivity as to a variation in the cylinder’s diameter,on the one hand and,on the other,as to temperature and salinity *** software will enable an iterative calculation to be made for finding out the shape the pressure wave caused when a wave passes over will have for different pile diameters and water with different temperature and salinity.

关键词： Sea temperature Salinity Hydrodynamic forces Wave action offshore wind farms

Characteristic Aerodynamic Loads and Load Effects on the Dynamics of a Floating Vertical Axis wind Turbine

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2017年第6期23卷 555-561页

作者： Zhengshun Cheng Puyang Zhang Department of Marine Technology CeSOS and AMOSNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491 TrondheimNorway State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The development of offshore wind farms in deep water favors floating wind turbine designs, but floating horizontal axis wind turbines are facing the challenge of high cost of energy (CoE). The development of innovative designs to reduce the CoE is thus desirable, such as floating vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). This study demonstrates the characteristics of aerodynamic loads and load effects of a two-bladed floating VAWT supported by a semi-submersible platform. Fully coupled simulations are performed using the time-domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic code SIMO-RIFLEX-AC. It is found that thrust, lateral force, and aerodynamic torque vary considerably and periodically with the rotor azimuth angle. However, the variation in the generator torque can be alleviated to some extent by the control strategy applied. Moreover, the variations of platform motions and tensions in the mooring lines are strongly influenced by turbulent winds, whereas those of tower-base bending moments are not. The tower-base bending moments exhibit notable two-per-revolution (2P) response characteristics. © 2017 Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

关键词： Aerodynamic loads Aerodynamics Bending moments Loads (forces) Mooring cables offshore wind farms wind power

A review: Challenges and opportunities for artificial intelligence and robotics in the offshore wind sector

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Energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 177-212页

作者： Daniel Mitchell Jamie Blanche Sam Harper Theodore Lim Ranjeetkumar Gupta Osama Zaki Wenshuo Tang Valentin Robu Simon Watson David Flynn Smart Systems Group Institute of SensorsSignals and SystemsSchool of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUnited Kingdom Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science Intelligent and Autonomous Systems GroupCWIAmsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Algorithms Group Faculty of Electrical EngineeringMathematics and Computer Science(EEMCS)Delft University of Technology(TU Delft)Delft2628 XE Netherlands The University of Manchester Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringOxford RoadManchesterM139PL United Kingdom James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowG128QQUnited Kingdom

The UK has set plans to increase offshore wind capacity from 22GW to 154GW by 2030. With such tremendous growth, the sector is now looking to Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (RAI) in order to tackle lifecycle service barriers as to support sustainable and profitable offshore wind energy production. Today, RAI applications are predominately being used to support short term objectives in operation and maintenance. However, moving forward, RAI has the potential to play a critical role throughout the full lifecycle of offshore wind infrastructure, from surveying, planning, design, logistics, operational support, training and decommissioning. This paper presents one of the first systematic reviews of RAI for the offshore renewable energy sector. The state-of-the-art in RAI is analyzed with respect to offshore energy requirements, from both industry and academia, in terms of current and future requirements. Our review also includes a detailed evaluation of investment, regulation and skills development required to support the adoption of RAI. The key trends identified through a detailed analysis of patent and academic publication databases provide insights to barriers such as certification of autonomous platforms for safety compliance and reliability, the need for digital architectures for scalability in autonomous fleets, adaptive mission planning for resilient resident operations and optimization of human machine interaction for trusted partnerships between people and autonomous assistants. Our study concludes with identification of technological priorities and outlines their integration into a new ‘symbiotic digital architecture’ to deliver the future of offshore wind farm lifecycle management.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Autonomous systems Digitalization offshore renewable energy offshore wind farms Robotics

Review on Research about Wake Effects of offshore wind Turbines

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Energy Engineering 2022年第4期119卷 1341-1360页

作者： Yehong Dong Guangyin Tang Yan Jia Zekun Wang Xiaomin Rong Chang Cai Qingan Li Yingjian Yang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang) Zhanjiang524013China CSIS(Chongqing)Haizhuangwind Power Equipment Co. Ltd.Chongqing401122China offshore Technology Center of CCS Tianjin300457China School of Energy and Power Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

In recent years,the construction of offshore wind farms is developing *** the wake effect of the upstream wind turbines seriously affect the performance of the downstream wind turbines,the wake effect of offshore wind turbines has become one of the research ***,this article reviews the research methods of wake effects,including CFD numerical simulation method,wind turbine wake model based on roughness and engineering wake ***,there is no general model that can be used *** it puts forward some factors that affect the wake of offshore wind *** turbulence intensity in offshore wind fields is lower than that in onshore wind *** makes the wake recovery length of offshore wind turbines longer than that of onshore wind *** offshore wind turbines are simultaneously disturbed by wind loads and wave *** movement of the platform caused by wave *** affects the development and changes of the wake of wind *** this regard,the focus of research on the wake effects of offshore wind farms will be the proposal of accurate prediction models for the wake effects of sea wind farms.

关键词： wind energy offshore wind turbines wake effects offshore wind farms

Grid Integration of Large Off-Shore wind farms

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Grid Integration of Large Off-Shore Wind Farms