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NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE QUASI-GLOBAL ocean circulation BASED ON POM

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第5期16卷 537-543页

作者： XIAChang-shui QIAOFang-li ZHANGQing-hua YUANYe-li KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalModeling TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China

A free surface quasi-global ocean circulation model, Princeton ocean Model(POM), was adopted to simulate the climatological circulation. The horizontal resolution of themodel was 1/2° x 1/2° with 16 vertical sigma layers. The initial temperature and salinity fieldsof the model were interpolated from the Levitus data, and the COADS (Comprehensive ocean-AtmosphereData Set) monthly mean SST and wind fields were used as the surface forcing. The integral timelength is 6a. The main general circulation components such as the equatorial current, the equatorialundercurrent, the south and north equatorial currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), theKuroshio and the Gulf Stream were well reconstructed. The volume transports of PN section and ACCa-gree well with the estimations on field survey. Up to now there is no global or quasi-globalcirculation model results u-sing POM in literature. Our results demonstrate that POM has soundability to simulate the coastal circulation as well as the general ocean circulation. And thisresult can provide open boundary conditions for fine resolution regional ocean circulation models.

关键词： ocean circulation numerical model princeton ocean Model (POM)

Modeling the Middle Jurassic ocean circulation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第4期4卷 373-386页

作者： Maura Brunetti Christian Vérard Peter O.Baumgartner Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne

We present coupled ocean-sea-ice simulations of the Middle Jurassic（~165 Ma） when Laurasia and Gondwana began drifting apart and gave rise to the formation of the Atlantic ocean. Since the opening of the Proto-Caribbean is not well constrained by geological records, configurations with and without an open connection between the Proto-Caribbean and Panthalassa are examined. We use a sea-floor bathymetry obtained by a recently developed three-dimensional（3D） elevation model which compiles geological, palaeogeographical and geophysical data. Our original approach consists in coupling this elevation model, which is based on detailed reconstructions of oceanic realms, with a dynamical ocean circulation model. We find that the Middle Jurassic bathymetry of the Central Atlantic and Proto-Caribbean seaway only allows for a weak current of the order of 2 Sv in the upper 1000 m even if the system is open to the West. The effect of closing the western boundary of the Proto-Caribbean is to increase transport related to barotropic gyres in the southern hemisphere and to change water properties, such as salinity, in the Neo-Tethys. Weak upwelling rates are found in the nascent Atlantic ocean in the presence of this superficial current and we discuss their compatibility with deep-sea sedimentological records in this region.

关键词： Jurassic modeling ocean circulation palaeoclimate

Review on observational studies of western tropical Pacific ocean circulation and climate

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Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2020年第4期38卷 906-929页

作者： HU Dunxin WANG Fan SPRINTALL Janet WU Lixin RISER Stephen CRAVATTE Sophie GORDON Arnold ZHANG Linlin CHEN Dake ZHOU Hui ANDO Kentaro WANG Jianing LEE Jae-Hak HU Shijian WANG Jing ZHANG Dongxiao FENG Junqiao LIU Lingling VILLANOY Cesar KALUWIN Chalapan QU Tangdong MA Yixin Key Laboratory of ocean circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China Scripps Institution of oceanography University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA ocean University of China Qingdao 266100China School of oceanography University of WashingtonSeattle WA 98195-7940USA LEGOS Universitéde ToulouseIRDCNESCNRSUPSToulouse 31520France Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNew York 10027USA State Key Laboratory of Satellite ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources(MNR)Hangzhou 310012China Research and Development Center for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyYokosuka 237-0061Japan ocean circulation and Climate Research Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyBusan 49111Korea Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and ocean University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Marine Science Institute University of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines School of Natural and Physical Sciences University of Papua New GuineaPortmoresby 134Papua New Guinea Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Sciences and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90095USA

The Western Tropical Pacific(WTP) ocean holds the largest area of warm water(>28℃) in the world ocean referred to as the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP),which modulates the regional and global climate through strong atmospheric convection and its variability.The WTP is unique in terms of its complex 3-D ocean circulation system and intensive multiscale variability,making it crucial in the water and energy cycle of the global ocean.Great advances have been made in understanding the complexity of the WTP ocean circulation and associated climate impact by the international scientific community since the 1960 s through field experiments.In this study,we review the evolving insight to the 3-D structure and multi-scale variability of the ocean circulation in the WTP and their climatic impacts based on in-situ ocean observations in the past decades,with emphasis on the achievements since 2000.The challenges and open que stions remaining are reviewed as well as future plan for international study of the WTP ocean circulation and climate.

关键词： Western Tropical Pacific(WTP) ocean circulation climate observation

circulation in the South China Sea is in a state of forced oscillation:Results from a simple reduced gravity model with a closed boundary

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2022年第7期41卷 1-12页

作者： Rui Xin Huang Hui Zhou Woods Hole oceanographic Institution Woods HoleFalmouthMassachusetts02543USA Key Laboratory of ocean circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China Laboratory for ocean Dynamics and Climate Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The South China Sea(SCS)is a narrow semi-enclosed basin,ranging from 4°–6°N to 21°–22°N meridionally.It is forced by a strong annual cycle of monsoon-related wind stress.The Coriolis parameter f increases at least three times from the southern basin to the northern basin.As a result,the basin-cross time for the first baroclinic Rossby wave in the southern part of the basin is about 10-times faster than that in the northern part,which plays the most vitally important role in setting the circulation.At the northernmost edge of SCS,the first baroclinic Rossby wave takes slightly less than 1 year to move across the basin,however,it takes only 1–2 months in the southernmost part.Therefore,circulation properties for a station in the model ocean are not solely determined by the forcing at that time instance only;instead,they depend on the information over the past months.The combination of a strong annual cycle of wind forcing and large difference of basin-cross time for the first baroclinic Rossby wave leads to a strong seasonal cycle of the circulation in the SCS,hence,the circulation is dominated by the forced oscillations,rather than the quasi-steady state discussed in many textbooks.The circulation in the SCS is explored in detail by using a simple reduced gravity model forced by seasonally varying zonal wind stress.In particular,for a given time snap the western boundary current in the SCS cannot play the role of balancing mass transport across each latitude nor balancing mechanical energy and vorticity in the whole basin.In a departure from the steady wind-driven circulation discussed in many existing textbooks,the circulation in the SCS is characterized by the imbalance of mechanical energy and vorticity for the whole basin at any part of the seasonal cycle.In particular,the western boundary current in the SCS cannot balance the mass,mechanical energy,and vorticity in the seasonal cycle of the basin.Consequently,the circulation near the western boundary cannot be interpreted in terms of the wind stress and therm

关键词： South China Sea ocean circulation annual cycle first baroclinic Rossby wave propagation western boundary current forced ossilation

ocean Model Open Boundary Conditions with Volume, Heat and Salinity Conservation Constraints

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 188-196页

作者： WANG Qiang ZHOU Weidong WANG Dongxiao DONG Danpeng State Key Laboratory of Tropical oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Open boundary conditions （OBCs） for a regional ocean model that can be integrated stably over a long timeframe, as well as satisfy the volume, heat and salinity conservation constraints, were developed. First, the idea that the inward and outward flux information can be treated separately in the OBCs was adopted. Second, in order to maintain the property that the volume, heat and salinity remains conserved in the simulation domain, conservation constraints were added to the OBCs, and an inverse method utilized to solve the constraint equations. Ideal experiments were designed to investigate the conservation property, and the OBCs were found to work efficiently to maintain the volume, heat and salinity conservation. It was found that simulations were comparable to observations when the OBCs were applied to a regional ocean model.

关键词： open boundary conditions modeling inverse method ocean circulation

A Regional ocean Reanalysis System for Coastal Waters of China and Adjacent Seas

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第3期28卷 682-690页

作者： Guijun Han Wei Li Xuefeng Zhang Dong Li Zhongjie He Xidong Wang Xinrong Wu Ting Yu Jirui Ma State ocean Adm Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol Tianjin 300171 Peoples R China

A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS). It produces a dataset package called CORA (China ocean reanalysis). The regional ocean model used is based on the Princeton ocean Model with a generalized coordinate system (POMgcs). The model is parallelized by NMDIS with the addition of the wave breaking and tidal mixing processes into model parameterizations. Data assimilation is a sequential three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) scheme implemented within a multigrid framework. Observations include satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature (SST), altimetry sea level anomaly (SLA), and temperature/salinity profiles. The reanalysis fields of sea surface height, temperature, salinity, and currents begin with January 1986 and are currently updated every year. Error statistics and error distributions of temperature, salinity and currents are presented as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis fields using sea level data from tidal gauges, temperature profiles, as well as the trajectories of Argo floats. Some case studies offer the opportunity to verify the evolution of certain local circulations. These evaluations show that the reanalysis data produced provide a good representation of the ocean processes and phenomena in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas.

关键词： ocean reanalysis data coastal waters China adjacent seas sea temperature salinity currents ocean circulation

Study on short-range numerical forecasting of ocean current in the East China Sea——Ⅰ Basic problems of ocean current forecasting and structure of the models

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 1993年第3期12卷 335-345页

作者： Zhao Jinping, Chen Zhongyong and Shi Maochong Institute of oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao 266071, China ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China

ocean current forecasting is still in explorative stage of study. In the study, we face some problems that have not been met before. The solving of these problems has become fundamental premise for realizing the ocean current forecasting. In the present paper are discussed in depth the physical essence for such basic problems as the predictability of ocean current, the predictable currents, the dynamical basis for studying respectively the tidal current and circulation, the necessity of boundary model, the models on regions with different scales and their link. The foundations and plans to solve the problems are demonstrated. Finally a set of operational numerical forecasting system for ocean current is proposed.

关键词： Current forecasting ocean circulation operational numerical forecasting numerical model the East China Sea

oceanic Climatology in the Coupled Model FGOALS-g2: Improvements and Biases

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 819-840页

作者：林鹏飞俞永强刘海龙 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The present study examines simulated oceanic climatology in the Flexible Global ocean-Atmosphere- Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） forced by historical external forcing data. The oceanic temperatures and circulations in FGOALS-g2 were found to be comparable to those observed, and substantially improved compared to those simulated by the previous version, FGOALS-gl.0. Compared with simulations by FGOALS-gl.0, the shallow mixed layer depths were better captured in the eastern Atlantic and Pacific ocean in FGOALS-g2. In the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the cold biases of SST were about 1℃-5℃ smaller in FGOALS-g2. The associated sea ice distributions and their seasonal cycles were more realistic in FGOALS-g2. The pattern of Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation （AMOC） was better simulated in FGOALS-g2, although its magnitude was larger than that found in observed data. The simulated Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC） transport was about 140 Sv through the Drake Passage, which is close to that observed. Moreover, Antarctic Intermediate Water （AAIW） was better captured in FGOALS-g2. However, large SST cold biases （〉3℃） were still found to exist around major western boundary currents and in the Barents Sea, which can be explained by excessively strong oceanic cold advection and unresolved processes owing to the coarse resolution. In the Indo-Pacific warm pool, the cold biases were partly related to the excessive loss of heat from the ocean. Along the eastern coast in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the warm biases were due to overestimation of shortwave radiation. In the Indian ocean and Southern ocean, the surface fresh biases were mainly due to the biases of precipitation. In the tropical Pacific ocean, the surface fresh biases （〉2 psu） were mainly caused by excessive precipitation and oceanic advection. In the Indo-Pacific ocean, fresh biases were also found to dominate in the upper 1000 m, except in the northeastern Indian ocean. There were warm and salty biases （3℃-4℃ and 1

关键词： FGOALS-g2 oceanic climatology temperature salinity ocean circulation

There is no real evidence for a diminishing trend of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

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Journal of ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第1期1卷 30-35页

作者： A.Parker C.D.Ollier School of Engineering and Physical Science James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia School of Earth and Environment University of Western AustraliaCrawley WAAustralia

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation(AMOC)is part of the great ocean“conveyor belt”that circulates heat around the globe.Since the early 2000s,ocean sensors have started to monitor the AMOC,but the measurements are still far from accurate and the time window does not permit the separation of short term variability from a longer term trend.Other works have claimed that global warming is slowing down the AMOC,based on models and proxies of temperatures.Some other observations demonstrate a stable circulation of the oceans.By using tide gauge data complementing recent satellite and ocean sensor observations,the stability of the AMOC is shown to go back to 1860.It is concluded that no available information has the due accuracy and time coverage to show a clear trend outside the inter-annual and multi-decadal variability in the direction of increasing or decreasing strength over the last decades.

关键词： ocean circulation Conveyor belt Global warming Climate change.