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Productivity in the Southern ocean Antarctic Zone during the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation(NHG)and its link to atmospheric pCO_(2)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2242-2252页

作者： Yiming WU Jingteng GUO Xiangyu ZHAO Wenshen XIAO Heng LIU Zhifang XIONG Tiegang LI Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China School of oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratoryof Polar Eosystem and Climate Change Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversiyMinistryof EducationShanghai 200030China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

A decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)partial pressure(pCO_(2))is considered an important prerequisite for the onset and intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation(NHG).However,how the ocean sequestered missing CO_(2)during the NHG is still uncertain.Changes in surface productivity and deep ventilation in the Southern ocean(SO)have been proposed to explain the variations in atmospheric pCO_(2)over the last eight glacial cycles,but it is unclear whether these mechanisms contributed to the decrease in atmospheric pCO_(2)during the NHG.Using titanium-normalized contents and mass accumulation rates of biogenic opal and total organic carbon from the International ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Expedition 374 Site U1524A,we reconstruct the productivity in the Ross Sea,Antarctica,from 3.3 Ma to 2.4 Ma.The productivity records exhibit a long-term decreasing trend and several distinct phased evolutionary features.Specifically,the local productivity fluctuated dramatically during 3.3-3.0 Ma,decreased gradually during 3.0-2.6 Ma,and remained relatively constant during 2.6-2.4 Ma.By comparing productivity with its potential influences,we infer that the phased and long-term evolutions of productivity were mainly controlled by changes in deep ocean ventilation.Sea ice expansion might have decreased productivity during 3.3-3.0 Ma by light attenuation.Changes in eolian dust input have little effect on productivity.Further analysis revealed no coupling linkage between productivity and atmospheric pCO_(2),indicating that the productivity in the SO Antarctic Zone(AZ)was not the main factor controlling the atmospheric CO_(2)decrease during the NHG.To improve our understanding of the role of SO processes in the NHG,further studies should focus on the potential influences of deep ocean ventilation on atmospheric pCO_(2)in the AZ,and similar studies should also be extended to the sea area in the Subantarctic Zone.

关键词： Ross Sea Biogenic opal Total organic carbon Deep ocean ventilation Sea ice ocean carbon cycle

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Calcification of planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sinistral) controlled by seawater temperature rather than ocean acidification in the Antarctic Zone of modern Sothern ocean

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第9期65卷 1824-1836页

作者： Qianwei SONG Bingbin QIN Zheng TANG Yanguang LIU Zhihua CHEN Jingteng GUO Zhifang XIONG Tiegang LI Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sinistral), the dominant planktonic foraminiferal species in the mid-to-high latitude oceans, represents a major component of local calcium carbonate(CaCO) production. However, the predominant factors,governing the calcification of this species and its potential response to the future marine environmental changes, are poorly understood. The present study utilized an improved cleaning method for the size-normalized weight(SNW) measurement to estimate the SNW of N. pachyderma(sin.) in surface sediments from the Amundsen Sea, the Ross Sea, and the Prydz Bay in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern ocean. It was found that SNW of N. pachyderma(sin.) is not controlled by deep-water carbonate dissolution post-mortem, and can be therefore, used to reflect the degree of calcification. The comparison between N. pachyderma(sin.) SNW and environmental parameters(temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration, and carbonate system) in the calcification depth revealed that N. pachyderma(sin.) SNWs in the size ranges of 200–250, 250–300, and 300–355 μm are significantly and positively correlated with seawater temperature. Moreover, SNW would increase by ~30% per degree increase in temperature, thereby suggesting that the calcification of N. pachyderma(sin.) in the modern Antarctic Zone of the Southern ocean is mainly controlled by temperature, rather than by other environmental parameters such as ocean acidification. Importantly, a potential increase in calcification of N. pachyderma(sin.) in the Antarctic Zone to produce CaCOwill release COinto the atmosphere. In turn, the future ocean warming will weaken the ocean carbon sink, thereby generating positive feedback for global warming.

关键词： Planktonic foraminiferal SNW Sonication CaCO3 production ocean carbon cycle Climate change

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Coral reef ecological pump for gathering and retaining nutrients and exporting carbon:a review and perspectives

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2023年第6期42卷 1-15页

作者： Linbin Zhou Yehui Tan Liangmin Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

How coral reefs with high productivity and biodiversity can flourish in oligotrophic tropical oceans has inspired substantial research on coral reef ecosystems.Increasing evidence shows that similar to water in an oasis in the desert,there are stable nutrient supplies to coral reefs in oligotrophic oceans.Here,with emphasis on the fluxes of organic matter,we summarize at the ecosystem level(1)the multiple input pathways of external nutrients,(2)the storage of nutrients in reef organisms,(3)the efficient retaining and recycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter within coral reef ecosystems,(4)the distinctly high phytoplankton productivity and biomass inside and near oceanic coral reefs,and(5)the export of reef-related organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.These properties enable coral reefs to function as ecological“pumps”for gathering nutrients across ecosystems and space,retaining and recycling nutrients within the ecosystem,supporting high phytoplankton productivity,and exporting organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.Particularly,the high phytoplankton productivity and biomass make waters around coral reefs potential hotspots of carbon export to ocean depths via the biological pump.We demonstrate that organic carbon influx is vital for coral reef ecosystems’carbon budget and carbon export.The concept of the coral reef ecological pump provides a framework to improve the understanding of the functioning of the coral reef ecosystem and its responses to disturbance.Prospects of the coral reef ecological pump in coral reef studies are discussed in changing oceans driven by human activities and global change in the Anthropocene.

关键词： Darwin’s Paradox coral reef nutrients coral reef ecological pump carbon export ocean carbon cycle

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Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean

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National Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 481-499页

作者： Chuanlun Zhang Hongyue Dang Farooq Azam Ronald Benner Louis Legendre Uta Passow Luca Polimene Carol Robinson Curtis A.Suttle Nianzhi Jiao Department of ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Scripps Institution of oceanography University of California San Diego Department of Biological Sciences and School of the Earth Ocean and EnvironmentUniversity of South Carolina Sorbonne Université Laboratoired' Océanographie de Villefranche LOV 6. Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara 7. Plymouth Marine Laboratory 8. School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East Anglia 9. Departments of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesBotany and Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia

carbon is a keystone element in global biogeochemical cycles.It plays a fundamental role in biotic andabiotic processes in the ocean,which intertwine to mediate the chemistry and redox status of carbon in the ocean and the atmosphere.The interactions between abiotic and biogenic carbon(e.g.CO2,Ca CO3,organic matter)in the ocean are complex,and there is a half-century-old enigma about the existence of a huge reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(RDOC)that equates to the magnitude of the pool of atmospheric CO2.The concepts of the biological carbon pump(BCP)and the microbial loop(ML)shaped our understanding of the marine carbon cycle.The more recent concept of the microbial carbon pump(MCP),which is closely connected to those of the BCP and the ML,explicitly considers thesignificance of the ocean’s RDOC reservoir and provides a mechanistic framework for the exploration of its formation and persistence.Understanding of the MCP has benefited from advanced‘omics’and novel research in biological oceanography and microbial biogeochemistry.The need to predict the ocean’sresponse to climate change makes an integrative understanding of the BCP,ML and MCP a high priority.In this review,we summarize and discuss progress since the proposal of the MCP in 2010 and formulate research questions for the future.

关键词： biological carbon pump microbial loop microbial carbon pump ocean carbon cycle global climate change

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The increased storage of suspended particulate matter in the upper water of the tropical Western Pacific during the 2015/2016 super El Nino event

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Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1675-1689页

作者： Wei GAO Zhenyan WANG Xuegang LI Haijun HUANG CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The climate variability induced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)cycle drives significant changes in the physical state of the tropical Western Pacific,which has important impacts on the upper ocean carbon cycle.During 2015-2016,a super El Nino event occurred in the equatorial Pacific.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)data and related environmental observations in the tropical Western Pacific were obtained during two cruses in Dec.2014 and 2015,which coincided with the early and peak stages of this super El Nino event.Compared with the marine environments in the tropical Western Pacific in Dec.2014,an obviously enhanced upwelling occurred in the Mindanao Dome region;the nitrate concentration in the euphotic zone almo st tripled;and the size,mass concentration,and volume concentration of SPM obviously increased in Dec.2015.The enhanced upwelling in the Mindanao Dome region carried cold but eutrophic water upward from the deep ocean to shallow depths,even into the euphotic zone,which disrupted the previously N-limited conditions and induced a remarkable increase in phytoplankton blooms in the euphotic zone.The se results reveal the mechanism of how nutrient-limited ecosystems in the tropical Western Pacific respond to super El Nino events.In the context of the ENSO cycle,if predicted changes in biogenic particles occur,the proportion of carbon storage in the tropical Western Pacific is estimated to be increased by more than 52%,ultimately affecting the regional and possibly even global carbon cycle.This paper highlights the prospect for long-term prediction of the impact of a super El Nino event on the global carbon cycle and has profound implications for understanding El Nino events.

关键词： suspended particulate matter field observations tropical Western Pacific 2015/2016 super E1 Nino event ocean carbon cycle

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