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Anti-HBc and HBV-DNA detection in blood donors negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2013年第1期3卷 62-66页

作者： Hosny Badrawy Rania Bakry Department of Clinical Oncological Pathology South Egypt Cancer Institute Egypt

occult HBV infection is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in blood or liver tissues in patients negative for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Those patients may or may not be positive for HBV antibodies. The objective of this study is to determine the presence or absence of HBV DNA in the serum samples from HBsAg negative blood donors. In addition we aimed to assess the magnitude of occult HBV infection and to reduce the risk of HBV infection. Over a period of one year a total of 7340 blood units were collected at blood transfusion center in our locality for the prevalence of HBV infection and 180 HBsAg negative blood specimens were randomly selected for anti-HBcIgM, anti-HBs antibody and HBV DNA. Ninety seven out of 7340 collected blood units were positive for HbsAg (1.3%).The randomly selected 180 tested donors revealed 7 (3.8%) positive for antiHBc IgM and 34 (18.8%) were positive for anti-HBs antibodies. Four out of 7 positive for anti-HBc IgM were also positive for anti-HBs and 2/180 (1.1%) specimens were positive for HBV DNA by PCR. Anti-HBc antibody should be tested routinely at any blood transfusion center and if they were positive regardless of anti-HBs titer, the blood should be discarded. Also HBV DNA is preferable to be performed to all blood donors to present completely safe blood transfusion.

关键词： HBC IgM HBV DNA occult HBV

Risk factors for de novo hepatitis B infection in pediatric living donor liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13159-13166页

作者： Wei Rao Man Xie Tao Yang Jian-Jun Zhang Wei Gao Yong-Lin Deng Hong Zheng Cheng Pan Yi-He Liu Zhong-Yang Shen Department of Organ Transplantation Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Tianjin First Central Hospital Liver Research Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University

AIM: To investigate the incidence of de novo hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection after pediatric living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) and to analyze the risk factors associated with this de novo HBV infection. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory data of children who underwent LDLT from June 2010 to September 2012 in First Center Hospital in Tianjin, China, were retrospectively included in the study. Intrahepatic HBV DNA in donors and recipients was quantified by realtime polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: Between June 2010 to September 2012, 32 consecutive pediatric patients underwent LDLT in our institute. Thirty LDLT patients(13 girls and 17 boys) were followed up for a median of 15 mo, of whom 53.3%(16/30) were hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb) positive and 36.7%(11/30) were hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb)/HBcAb positive before transplantation. Sixteen of the children received HBcAb-positive allografts, and 43.7%(7/16) of the grafts were found to be intrahepatic HBV DNA positive. De novo HBV infection developed in 16.1%(5/30) of the children within a median of 11 mo after transplantation. All five of the HBV-infected children had received HBcAb-positive allografts, four of which were intrahepatic HBV DNA positive. Two of the children developed de novo HBV infection despite the preoperative presence of both HBsAb and HBcAb CONCLUSION: In pediatric recipients, positive intrahepatic HBV DNA in allografts could be a risk factor for de novo HBV infection from HBcAb-positive allografts. HBsAb/HBcAb positivity in pediatric LDLT patients before transplantation exhibited only weak effectiveness in protecting them against de novo HBV infection from HBcAb-positive allografts.

关键词： Pediatric liver donor liver transplantation occult

Incidence and characteristics of HBV reactivation in hematological malignant patients in south Egypt

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第37期19卷 6214-6220页

作者： Abeer Elkady Sahar Aboulfotuh Elsayed Mostafa Ali Douaa Sayed Nashwa M Abdel-Aziz Amany M Ali Shuko Murakami Sayuki Iijima Yasuhito Tanaka Department of Virology and Liver Unit Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical School of South Valley University Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathol-ogy Medical School of Sohag University Department of Medical Oncology Medical School of Sohag University Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology South Egypt Cancer Institute Department of Medical Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institue

AIM:To investigate characteristics of hepatitis B virus(HBV)implicated in HBV reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies receiving immunosuppressive ***:Serum samples were collected from 53 patients with hematological malignancies negative for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)before the start of and throughout the chemotherapy *** reactivation was diagnosed when the HBsAg status changed from negative to positive after the initiation of chemotherapy and/or when HBV DNA was detected by realtime detection polymerase chain reaction(RTD-PCR).For detecting the serological markers of HBV infection,HBsAg as well as antibodies to the core antigen(antiHBc)and to the surface antigen were measured in the sera by *** acids were extracted from sera,and HBV DNA sequences spanning the S gene were amplified by *** extracted DNA was further subjected to PCR to amplify the complete genome as well as the specific genomic sequences bearing the enhancerⅡ/core promoter/pre-core/core regions(nt1628-2364).Amplicons were sequenced ***:Thirty-five(66%)of the 53 HBsAg-negative patients were found to be negative serologically for antiHBc,and the remaining 18(34%)patients were positive for *** of the 53(9.4%)patients with hematologic malignancies experienced HBV *** D1 was detected in all five *** types of mutant strains were detected in the S gene product of HBV strains and were isolated from 3 patients with HBV reactivation:T/S120,L143,and *** DNA was detected in the pretreatment HBsAg-negative samples in one of the five patients with HBV *** this patient,sequences encompassing the HBV full genome obtained from sera before the start of chemotherapy and at the time of de novo HBV hepatitis were detected and it showed 100%***,in the phylogenetic tree,the sequences were clustered together,thereby indicating that this patient developed reactivation from an occult

关键词： Hepatitis B virus occult infection Reactivation Hepatitis B surface antigen

New strategies for colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第12期19卷 1855-1860页

作者： Maria Di Lena Elisabetta Travaglio Donato F Altomare Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University Aldo Moro of Bari

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Western countries, despite major improvements in its treatment. The dramatically high social and economic impact of CRC on human health makes the identification of a reliable screening tool of paramount importance. Current screening methods, such as the fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy do not adequately meet the ideal requisites of a screening test because, even if they are effective, they are limited first by too low specificity and sensitivity, or second by high invasiveness, costs and risk. Nowadays extended efforts are made by researchers to look for more reliable and effective screening tests based on a systems biology approach, using biological samples easily available, such as urine, breath, serum and feces. The effectiveness and reliability of several new attempts to screen these patients by non-invasive analysis of their biological samples using genomic (genetic and epigenetic alteration), transcriptomic (miRNA), proteomic (cancer-related antigens, new antibodies against tumor-associated antigens, mutated proteins) and metabolomic (volatile organic metabolites) methods are discussed in this review. Among the most interesting new screening tools, fecal fluorescent long-DNA, fecal miRNA and metabolomic evaluation in breath and/ or serum seem to be most promising.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Fecal occult blood test Systems biology Metabolomics Proteomic microRNA Volatile organic compounds

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B virus surface antigen negative patients receiving immunosuppression: A hidden threat

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第7期5卷 387-392页

作者： Kalliopi Zachou Alexandros Sarantopoulos Nikolaos K Gatselis Themistoklis Vassiliadis Stella Gabeta Aggelos Stefos Asterios Saitis Panagiota Boura George N Dalekos Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of Thessaly Clinical Immunology Unit 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Hippokration General Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki First Medical Propedeutic Department Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA Hospital Thessaloniki

AIM: To present the characteristics and the course of a series of anti- hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBc) antibody positive patients, who experienced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after immunosuppression. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated in our tertiary centers the medical records of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients who suffered from HBV reactivation after chemotherapy or immunosuppression during a 3-year period (2009-2011). Accordingly, the clinical, laboratory and virological characteristics of 10 anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (-)/HBsAg (-) and 4 anti-HBc (+)/antiHBs (+)/HBsAg (-) patients, who developed HBV reactivation after the initiation of chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed. Quantitative determination of HBV DNA during reactivation was performed in all cases by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction kit (COBAS Taqman HBV Test; cut-off of detection: 6 IU/mL). RESULTS: Twelve out of 14 patients were males; median age 74.5 years. In 71.4% of them the primary diagnosis was hematologic malignancy; 78.6% had received rituximab (R) as part of the immunosuppressive regimen. The median time from last chemotherapy schedule till HBV reactivation for 10 out of 11 patients who received R was 3 (range 2-17) mo. Three patients (21.4%) deteriorated, manifesting ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and 2 (14.3%) of them died due to liver failure. CONCLUSION: HBsAg-negative anti-HBc antibody positive patients can develop HBV reactivation even 2 years after stopping immunosuppression, whereas prompt antiviral treatment on diagnosis of reactivation can be lifesaving.

关键词： Immunosuppression Hepatitis B Antihepatitis B virus core antibody positivity occult hepatitis B virus infection Rituximab

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隐性乳癌腋窝转移的激素受体研究(英文)

肿瘤防治研究 1987年第4期15卷 253-253页

作者： Bhatia Sk

The authors describe 11 patients with occult breast Carcinoma, who initially presented with axillary nodal metastases of unknown origin. In all 11 cases, physical examination and mammography results were normal. Steroid hormone receptor studies were done on tissue from all 11 axillary masses and 2 masses underwent lactalbumin staining as well.

关键词：激素受体 axillary metastases nodal occult initially Carcinoma staining regarding performing

Perspectives of colorectal cancer screening in Germany 2009

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2009年第1期1卷 12-16页

作者： Andreas Sieg Kilian Friedrich Practice of Gastroenterology and University of Heidelberg Faculty of MedicineD-69117 HeidelbergGermany

Adequate screening methods can decrease colorectal cancer(CRC) *** guaiac test for fecal occultblood(FOBT) is part of the German CRC Screening Program since 1970 and has evidence level *** randomized multicenter-studies FOBT has an average sensitivity of 24% and decreases CRC mortality up to 30%.Immunological tests for human haemoglobin(iFOBT) show better performance characteristics than guaiac FOBT,with augmented sensitivity and ***,the single tests show wide differences in diagnostic performance and iFOBT is not yet covered by insurance companies although it should replace the guaiac test for CRC *** colonoscopy,which was introduced to the German National Cancer Screening Program in 2002,is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colorectal *** 2003 to 2007 more than 2.8 million examinations have been documented in *** prevalence of adenomas is around 20% and of CRC about 0.7% to 1.0% of the *** percent of the carcinomas detected during screening are in an early stage(UICCⅠand Ⅱ).Furthermore,screening colonoscopy is a cost saving procedure with a low complication rate(0.25% overall).Insurance companies save 216€ for each screening colonoscopy mainly by prevention of neoplasia due to *** Germany,virtual colonography by computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance imaging still lacks standardization of the hard and *** experienced centres the sensitivity for CRC and large polyps of CT colonography is comparable to colonoscopy but in meta-analyses the ranking is *** technologies like computer-aided colonoscopies with sheath or double balloon techniques are coming up as well as capsule colonoscopy,which sensitivity for large polyps is about 70%.Advised by his physician,the patient can choose his most acceptable examination method from this whole set of screening tools.

关键词： Screening,colorectal cancer Prevention Colonoscopy Virtual colonoscopy Fecal occult blood test Capsule colonoscopy

New era of colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第5期8卷 252-258页

作者： Maysaa El Zoghbi Linda C Cummings Division of Gastroen-terology and Liver Disease University Hospitals Case Medical Center

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the 2^(nd) most common cancer in women and 3^(rd) most common cancer in men worldwide. Most CRCs develop from adenomatous polyps arising from glandular epithelium. Tumor growth is initiated by mutation of the tumor suppressor gene APC and involves other genetic mutations in a stepwise process over years. Both hereditary and environmental factors contribute to the development of CRC. Screening has been proven to reduce the incidence of CRC. Screening has also contributed to the decrease in CRC mortality in the United States. However,CRC incidence and/or mortality remain on the rise in some parts of the world(Eastern Europe,Asia,and South America),likely due to factors including westernized diet,lifestyle,and lack of healthcare infrastructure. Multiple screening options are available,ranging from direct radiologic or endoscopic visualization tests that primarily detect premalignant or malignant lesions such as flexible sigmoidoscopy,optical colonoscopy,colon capsule endoscopy,computed tomographic colonography,and double contrast barium enema- to stool based tests which primarily detect cancers,including fecal DNA,fecal immunochemical test,and fecal occult blood test. The availability of some of these tests is limited to areas with high economic resources. This article will discuss CRC epidemiology,pathogenesis,risk factors,and screening modalities with a particular focus on new technologies.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasm Prevention and control Guidelines Epidemiology Colonoscopy Capsule endoscopy Computed tomographic colonography occult blood

Elective regional lymphadenectomy for advanced auricular squamous cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013年第1期3卷 16-21页

作者： William R Ryan Chase M Heaton Steven J Wang Division of Head and Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology University of California

AIM: To investigate the rate of occult lymph node disease in elective parotidectomy and neck dissection specimens in patients with advanced auricular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cS CC). METHODS: At a single institution, from 2000 to 2010, 17 patients with advanced auricular cS CC were considered high risk for occult regional parotid and/or neck nodal metastases and, thus, underwent an auriculectomy and elective regional lymphadenectomy(parotidectomy and/or neck dissection). Indications for elective regional lymphadenectomy were large tumor size, locally invasive tumors, post-surgical and post-radiation recurrence, and being an immunosuppressed patient. We determined the presence of microscopic disease in the regional(parotid and neck dissection) pathology ***: There were 17 advanced auricular c SCC patients analyzed for this study. Fifteen(88%) patients were men. The average age was 69(range: 33 to 86). Ten(59%) patients presented with post-surgical recurrence. Five(29%) patients presented with postradiation recurrence. Four(24%) patients presentedwith both post-surgical and post-radiation recurrence. Four(24%) patients were immunosuppressed(2(12%) were liver transplant patients, 2(12%) were chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, and 1(6%) was both). The subsite distribution of c SCC included helix(3, 18%), antihelix(2, 12%), conchal bowl(7, 41%), tragus(2, 12%), and postauricular sulcus(3, 18%). Four(24%) patients presented with multifocal auricular cS CC. No patients had bilateral disease. All patients were confirmed to have c SCC on final pathology. The tumors were well(5, 29%), moderately(10, 59%), and poorly(2, 12%) differentiated SCC. The average size of the cS CC tumor was 2.9 cm(range: 1.7 to 7 cm). Twelve(70%) tumors were greater than 2 cm. Six(35%) patients underwent partial auriculectomy. Eleven(65%) patients underwent total auriculectomy. Eight(47%) patients underwent elective parotidectomy and elective neck dissections; 3(18%) underw

关键词： Advanced auricular squamous cell carcinoma Elective lymphadenectomy Elective parotidectomy Elective neck dissection occult regional metastases