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Phytochemical and Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extracts of Prosopis africana and Anacardium occidentale against Macrophomina Root Rot of Sesamum indicum L. in Benue State, Central Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第7期6卷 66-76页

作者： Matthew Elaigwu Hyacinth Ocheigwu Apeh Oluma Amana Onekutu Department of Integrated Science College of Education Oju Benue State Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State Nigeria

This study investigated the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Prosopis africana and Anacardium occidentale against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of Sesamum indicum L. Phytochemical analysis of the two plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and anthraquinones in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts. The effectiveness of the two medicinal plants viz: P. africana and A. occidentale was tested against the causative agent of root rot of Sesamum indicum L. The effect of plant leaf extracts on mycelia growth of the test organism shows that both P. africana and A. anacardium reduced the mycelia growth significantly as compared to the control (plate, 2, 3, 4). The antifungal property of P. africana and A. occidentale makes these plants of potential interest for the control of the fungi Macrophomina phaseolina.

关键词： Phytochemical Antifungal Screening Prosopis africana Anacardium occidentale Leaf Extracts Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

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Antimicrobial effect of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i>leaf extract against pathogens causing periodontal disease

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第8期4卷 15-18页

作者： Jothi Varghese Vijay Kumar Tumkur Vasudev Ballal Giliyar Subraya Bhat Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal University Manipal India Department of Periodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal University Manipal India Department of Periodontology College of Dentistry University of Dammam Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacognosy Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal University Manipal India

The oral cavity is perpetually colonized by different species of microorganisms and at times it is difficult to characterize the periodontal pathogen causing breakdown of tissue and bone. But over the years, based on scientific knowledge, it has been observed that various gram negative anaerobic bacteria have been involved with the initiation of periodontal disease. Based on literature reviews, a study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) leaf extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Methanol and aqueous extracts of cashew leaves were prepared. Its antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was tested using the agar diffusion method at various dilutions of 75 μ, 50 μl, 25 μl, 10 μl and 5 μl respectively. 0.2% Clorhexidine gluconate (CHX) was used as control. Cultures of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia strains were maintained on Kanamycin blood agar. The agar plates were then incubated at 37?C for 72 hours after which the zone of inhibition was measured and the mean was recorded for each test solution. The results of this study demonstrated that, for both P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, the highest concentration (75 μl) of both the extracts showed maximum antimicrobial action. For P. ginigvalis, the aqueous extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity compared to the methanolic extract (p = 0.005), which was comparable to that of CHX. For P. intermedia, similar results were observed with aqueous extract being more effective compared to methanolic (p = 0.007), however, CHX was most effective compared to both the extracts (p = 0.007). This study revealed that Anacardium occidentale leaf extracts have efficient antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis & P. intermedia. Hence, this preliminary study suggests that the antimicrobial action of A. occidentale leaf could be utilized for the preparation of chemical plaque control formulations.

关键词： Agar Dilution Method A. occidentale Leaf P. gingivalis P. intermedia Antibacterial Activity

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Ethanolic extract of cashew apple inhibits lipid metabolism and ameliorates obesity in atherogenic diet-induced obese rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第10期9卷 405-414页

作者： Thatiparthi Jhansyrani Dodoala Sujatha Koganti Bharathi KVSRG Prasad Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmaceutical TechnologySri Padmavati Mahila VisvavidyalayamTirupati-517502Andhra PradeshIndia

Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract of cashew apple using various in vitro and in vivo ***:Phytochemical screening was carried out in ethanolic extract of cashew apple,followed by quantification of phenol and *** potential was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)scavenging *** inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of cashew apple on atic lipase was also *** addition,anti-obesity activity was determα-amylase and pancreined in two in vivo models,lipid emulsion model and atherogenic diet-induced obese rat *** of postprandial plasma triglycerides were assessed in lipid emulsion model,whereas serum lipid profile,in vivo antioxidants and histopathological studies of the carotid artery and liver were performed in an atherogenic diet-induced obese ***:Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids,and *** in vitro assays showed inhibition of *** extract of cashew appα-amylase and pancreatic lipase and strong antioxidant ple showed significant and timedependent inhibitory activity on postprandial triglycerides after administration of lipid emulsion for 5 *** extract of cashew apple at 200 and 400 mg/kg on day 60 showed a significant reduction in body weight,body mass index and atherogenic index,whereas lipid profile and liver function marker levels in the serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at time intervals(day 0,20,40,and 60)compared to the atherogenic diet-induced obese *** observations showed reduced non-alcoholic fatty liver deposits and decreased atherosclerotic fatty streak plaques(carotid artery)after treatment with ethanolic extract of cashew ***:Ethanolic extract of cashew apple ameliorates obesity,which may be partly mediated by its delayed absorption of cholesterol and carbohydrates

关键词： Anacardium occidentale Atherogenic diet Lipid emulsion Lipid profile Obesity

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