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Comparison of dark energy models:A perspective from the latest observational data

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1631-1645页

作者： LI Miao1,2,LI XiaoDong2,3 & ZHANG Xin1,4 1Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China 2Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China 3Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China 4Department of Physics,College of Sciences,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China 1. Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China3. Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China4. Department of Physics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

We compare some popular dark energy models under the assumption of a flat universe by using the latest observational data including the type Ia supernovae Constitution compilation,the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,the cosmic microwave background measurement given by the seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations and the determination of H0 from the Hubble Space *** comparison statistics such as the Bayesian and Akaike information criteria are applied to assess the worth of the *** statistics favor models that give a good fit with fewer *** on this analysis,we find that the simplest cosmological constant model that has only one free parameter is still preferred by the current *** other dynamical dark energy models,we find that some of them,such as the αdark energy,constant w,generalized Chaplygin gas,Chevalliear-Polarski-Linder parametrization,and holographic dark energy models,can provide good fits to the current data,and three of them,namely,the Ricci dark energy,agegraphic dark energy,and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati models,are clearly disfavored by the data.

关键词： dark energy models observational constraints model comparison information criteria

Equation of State in the σ-ω-ρ Model Supported by the observational Data of 4U 1608-52 Neutron Star

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第1期27卷 45-47页

作者：文德华 Department of Physics South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641

The properties of the neutron star rotating at 619Hz （which is the spin frequency of 4U 1608-52 neutron star） are investigated by using an equation of state （EOS） of the nuclear matter in the relativistic σ-ω-ρ model. It is shown that the EOS in the relativistic σ-ω-ρ model is supported by the observational mass and radius of the 4U 1608-52 neutron star. Moreover, astrict constraint on the polar redshift of 4U 1608-52 neutron star is obtained.

关键词： Models observational

Hepatitis B or C viral infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第26期19卷 4234-4241页

作者： Jian-Hua Xu Jin-Jian Fu Xiao-Li Wang Jia-Yong Zhu Xiao-Hua Ye Si-Dong Chen Department of Pathogen Biology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Institute of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Research Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Department of Clinical Laboratory Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital

AIM: To investigate if there is an association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: All relevant studies published before 11 October, 2012 were identified by a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews and the Cochrane Library databases and with cross-referencing. The observational studies that reported RR or OR estimates with 95%CIs for the association between HBV or HCV and pancreatic cancer were included. A random-effects model was used to summarize meta-analytic estimates. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was applied to assess the quality of the methodology in the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 8 eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, chronic hepatitis B and inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state (HBsAg positive) had a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer with OR of 1.20 (95%CI: 1.01-1.39), especially in the Chinese population (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.05-1.56). Past exposure to HBV (possible occult HBV infection) had an increased OR of pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.05-1.42), especially among those patients without natural immunity [anti hepatitis B core (HBc) positive/hepatitis B surface antibody (anti HBs) negative], with OR of 1.67 (95%CI: 1.13-2.22). However, past exposure to HBV with natural immunity (anti-HBc positive/anti-HBs positive) had no association with pancreatic cancer development, with OR 0.98 (95%CI: 0.80-1.16), nor did the HBV active replication (hepatitis B e antigen positive status), with OR 0.98 (95%CI: 0.27-1.68). The risk of pancreatic cancer among anti-HBs positive patients was significantly lower than among anti-HBs negative patients (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.46-0.62). Past exposure to HCV also resulted in an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.03-1.50). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed. Evidence of publication bias for HBV/HCV infecti

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Pancreatic cancer observational studies Meta-analysis

observational Study of a Multi-Active Ingredient Over-the-Counter Cold Remedy Following Active Pharmacist Recommendation

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2017年第1期7卷 41-52页

作者： Gillian Lisa Phillipson John David Hull Boleslaw Samoliński Procter&Gamble Greater London Innovation CentreSurreyUK Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology Faculty of Health SciencesMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland

Real-world user satisfaction with a fixed dose combination over-the-counter cold remedy (Vicks Symptomed Complete Cytrynowy hot drink;VSCC) was evaluated in a prospective, non-comparative, observational study involving 176 pharmacies in Poland from February to April 2015. 1391 participants completed a questionnaire in the pharmacy and several paper questionnaires at home following use of the product at their own discretion. Participants returned their completed questionnaires to the pharmacy. 1356 participants were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Participants highly valued the advice from their pharmacist (97%, P < 0.0001, important vs. not important) and thought the quality of that advice was good (93%, P < 0.0001, good/very good vs. very bad-fair). 96% of participants found VSCC to be effective in some way against their cold symptoms (P < 0.0001, effective vs. not effective) and 68% of them stated that it was better than any other cold therapy they had used before (P < 0.0001, better/best vs. same/worse). Adverse event reporting was very low.

关键词： Common Cold Upper Respiratory Tract Infection observational Pharmacy Over-the-Counter Fixed-Dose Combination Common Cold Symptoms

A Comparative observational Study of the Use Transvaginal Ultrasound and Hysteroscopy for the Detection of Uterine Cavity Pathologies in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第5期7卷 511-519页

作者： Mervat Ali Mohamed Elsersy Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Background: 70% of all gynecological consultations are for abnormal uterine bleeding. Any approach to optimal management begins with an appropriate diagnosis. 40% of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding were found to have some intrauterine pathology. This study aims to compare the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasonography in comparison to hysteroscopy in detecting uterine abnormalities in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Retrospective observational cross sectional study of 250 women presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. The patients who fulfilled the selection criteria and have been sequentially investigated by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and hysteroscopy were included. Results: 90% of patients were from 35 - 49 yrs. 81.2% of patients have body mass index above 25 kg/m2. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) compared well with high sensitivity as regards normal endometrium. (TVS) missed 4 patients of endometrial polyps and one patient of sub mucous fibroid. Three patients of adenomyosis were only diagnosed by (TVS);they were reported as being normal by hysteroscopy. Conclusion: (TVS) is considered as an excellent approach to the initial evaluation of uterine pathologies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.

关键词： Transvaginal Ultrasound Hysteroscopy Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Cross Section observational Study Endometrial Polyp

Autism-Spectrum Quotient Is Associated with observational Skill Acquisition in Healthy Young Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第4期10卷 179-190页

作者： Yoichiro Sato Kento Kageyama Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University of Science Sapporo Japan Department of Rehabilitation Asahikawa Medical University Hospital Asahikawa Japan.

Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learning, we examined the association between model-observational skill acquisition and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which is reportedly associated with motor learning via visual information. Twenty healthy adults performed the Kendama task. The participants practiced under three conditions: using their own methods (self), following observation of model actions (model-observation), and following observation of their own actions (self-observation). Measurement trials were performed 20 times prior to self-practice sessions and after each practice session. Success ratios were calculated for each measurement trial. All participants completed the AQ. The difference in success ratios for measurement sessions following practices between the self and model-observation conditions was significantly negatively correlated with AQ scores. Individuals with low AQ values can more easily acquire skills via model-observational motor learning than those with relatively higher AQ values.

关键词： observational Motor Learning Autism-Spectrum Quotient Motor Imagery Healthy Individual

Factors that Motivate Participation in observational Genetic Cancer Research Studies

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第2期9卷 156-172页

作者： Deborah Goodman Catherine O. Johnson Deborah Bowen Lari Wenzel Karen Edwards Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine CA USA Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Seattle WA USA School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Public Health University of California Irvine CA USA

Demographics, access to new treatment, altruistic motivations and continuity of care have been shown to influence motivation to participate in clinical trials. Less is known however, about factors that motivate research participants to agree to take part in observational studies and provide a biologic specimen. This study evaluates and quantitates factors that motivate participation in observational studies and provide a biospecimen among cancer patients, their family members, and controls. An online survey was completed by 450 participants from a cancer genetics registry, including cancer patients, their relatives, and controls. Overall, the benefit to society and the research institution reputation were the most important motivators for participation. Cancer cases were significantly more likely to endorse personal meaningfulness as a factor for participation compared to those without cancer and women were 50% more likely than men to believe that a family benefit is an important determinant of research participation. Researcher and institutional trustworthiness as well as security of stored data were most important when deciding whether to provide a biological sample, with differences seen by gender and history of cancer. This study demonstrated which factors are most important to participants when considering participation in an observational study and donating a biospecimen. Motivational factors significantly differed by gender as well as history and stage of cancer. The application of these study results may improve participation rates in cohort studies.

关键词： Participation Research Motivation observational Studies

A Systematic Review of observational Studies, Demonstrating Smoking among School Going Adolescents

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第2期9卷 173-189页

作者： Shafquat Rozi Gillian Lancaster Sadia Mahmud Zahid Ahmad Butt Talat Roome Nida Zahid Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancashire United Kingdom Visiting Faculty Department of Medicine Consultancy Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Pathology Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To characterize the methods of design and analysis currently adopted in survey research of school-based observational studies for smoking, and to identify the common pitfalls made by researchers. Methods: The systematic review was conducted in 2009 and consisted of observational studies in school settings published between January 2005 and January 2009. Smoking status was the main outcome of interest. Following Cochrane style, five steps were followed: setting selection criteria for studies and conducting a literature search;review of abstracts;review of complete articles;data extraction and quality assessment of included studies;and, finally, synthesis of studies. Results: Of the 292 abstracts retrieved, 45 (15.4%) articles were selected for the final review. Inconsistencies were found in the definition of smoking behaviour which impeded generalisability. Individual-level factors had importance, but environmental level factors were also important in studying the aetiology of smoking. Results showed that studies inappropriately reported sample size estimation and important confounding factors. Hierarchical linear modelling, random effects modelling and structural equation modelling were employed in comparatively few studies. Conclusions: There were concerns regarding data analysis of complex surveys. Fifty five percent of reviewed studies ignored environmental effects which may have produced unreliable inferences. Multi-level analysis assisted in understanding school-level effects.

关键词： Adolescent Smoking observational Studies School-Based Survey

Predictors of Discontinuation of Antipsychotic Therapy in Patients with Acute Schizophrenia: A 1-Year observational Study with More Than 1000 Patients

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第4期4卷 364-371页

作者： Michihiro Takahashi Shinji Fujikoshi Jumpei Funai Levent Alev Masaomi Iyo Takahashi Psychiatric Clinic Ashiya Japan Statistical Science Lilly Research Laboratories Japan Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe Japan Science Communications Lilly Research Laboratories Japan Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe Japan Medical Science Lilly Research Laboratories Japan Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe Japan Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan

Discontinuation of antipsychotic therapy has been a significant clinical issue among patients with schizophrenia, since the patients who discontinued antipsychotic treatment showed worse clinical and functional outcomes, and higher risks of relapse of schizophrenia symptoms and hospitalization. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a post-marketing research with a 12-month follow-up period to identify the predictors for discontinuation of antipsychotic monotherapy in Japan. This is a prospective, naturalistic multicenter observational study, designed to evaluate the discontinuation rates of olanzapine monotherapy and non-olanzapine antipsychotic monotherapy in Japanese adult patients with acute schizophrenia. Patients were treatment-naive, or had switched from other antipsychotics or from poly-pharmacotherapy to oral antipsychotic monotherapy. We analyzed the correlation of discontinuation of antipsychotic monotherapy with baseline characteristics of patients. A total of 1089 patients (578 patients treated with olanzapine and 511 with non-olanzapine antipsychotics) were eligible for analysis. By the end of the 12-month study period, 614 patients (56.4%) discontinued antipsychotic therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated significantly lower discontinuation rates in all patients treated with antipsychotics: older age (Odds ratio [OR], 0.871;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.797 to 0.953;p = 0.003), outpatient status (OR, 0.508;95% CI, 0.383 to 0.675;p < 0.001), prior use of antipsychotics (OR, 0.693;95% CI, 0.516 to 0.930;p = 0.015), and olanzapine group showed lower discontinuation rate than that of non-olanzapine group (OR, 1.416;95% CI, 1.086 to 1.846;p = 0.010). The present study indicated that the outpatient status, older age, and prior use of antipsychotics have better adherence to antipsychotic treatment. In addition to these factors, use of anti-parkinson agents showed lower discontinuation rates in the olanzapine monotherapy group.

关键词： Predictor of Discontinuation Antipsychotic Monotherapy Long-Term observational Study Schizophrenia