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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第9期8卷 775-782页

作者： Mohamed Hachicha Imed Ben Aissa Laboratory of Valorization of non Conventional Water National Institute of Rural Engineering Waters and Forest Ariana 2080 17 Rue Hedi Karray Tunisia Regional Research Centre of Horticulture and Biological Agriculture Chott Meriem BP 57-4042 Sousse Tunisia

The Tunisian oases face serious problems of waterlogging and salinization caused by mismanagement of water and soil resources and the reduced discharge of drainage water. The oases space is based on a fragile balance between water, soil and man, which is now changed by modem irrigation and drainage systems. The oases pump most of their water from deep aquifers and only to a small degree from shallow aquifers. The quality of the irrigation water and the presence of a shallow saline water table are the main causes of salinization of the oases. Concerning the salt-affected landscapes and hydro-saline dynamic, the authors distinguish an equilibrium dynamic of salts to the parcel which depends on water management, and an equilibrium dynamic at the level of the basin watershed which is powered by drilling and ending in hypersaline depressions. For the management of salinization and waterlogging, a combination of agricultural management techniques are used, the first being modem methods of irrigation and drainage. Other, less used methods are sandy amendment, the reuse of drainage waters, geothermal waters and of treated wastewater.

关键词： Water irrigation drainage salinity oases Tunisia.

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Agro-biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge on Tunisian Coastal oases

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 303-308页

作者： M.B. Salah Laboratory of Aridology and oases Cropping Arid Land Institute Nahal Gabes 6051 Tunisia

The Tunisian coastal oases constitute a model of very rich plant biodiversity, organized in different floors of cultivation. The date palm is the highest, the second is the diversified fruit trees and the smallest is composed by various other productions. The present paper is the results of a RAA diagnosis and bibliographic analysis of nearly thirty years of work on oases. The aim of this study is to focus on the plant diversity and the traditions in using different products. The survey revealed the existence of nearly 45 local date palm varieties, about 26 fruit trees, 65 vegetables and divers other species. It also raises nearly 30 uses of dates and date palm by-products. This survey shows also that oases inhabitants keep in possessing, for a long time, a knowledge to make ingenious concerning use and conservation of the products and by products of the date palm. This survey has all as much demonstrated the risks from weakening this balance which has long been maintained. Some recommendations to maintain and conserve this system are also presented in this paper.

关键词： Agro biodiversity oases traditional knowledge Tunisia conservation.

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A contrast of two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces in oases of arid areas: A case study of Sangong River Watershed at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 65-75页

作者： TANG FaShu1,2, CHEN Xi1, LUO GePing1, LIN Qing1,2 & LIU HaiLong1,2 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Aerial photographs taken in 1978 and 1987, Landsat TM images in 1998 as well as soil, hydrology and socio-economic data for the oases in Sangong River Watershed were processed by Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). There are two typical agricultural land uses in oases, Farm-based Land Use with large-scale intensified agricultural activities (FLU) and Household Respon-sibility-based Land Use with small-scale activities (HRLU). The Index Model of Land Use/Land Cover Change (LUCC), Weighted Index Sum (WIS) and logistic stepwise regression model were estab-lished to contrast the two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces. The land use patterns were dominated by cropland and grassland for the entire region, and cropland, residential and industrial land were increasing stably. In the HRLU areas, woodland and grassland declined dramatically, but in the FLU areas, grassland decreased only by 12.0%, whereas woodland increased by 13.7%. LUCC was stronger in the earlier stage (1978-1987) than in the later stage (1987-1998) for the entire region. LUCC was more intense in the HRLU areas than in the FLU areas during the entire period (1978-1998). Policy was a key factor in the land use change, and water resources were a precondition in land use. Under the control of policy and water resources, the main human driving factors included population and economy, and the main natural restrictions were soil fertility and groundwater depth. Human driving factors controlled the land change in the HRLU areas, but natural restriction factors dominated in the FLU areas. In the mean time, intensification of LUCC in the region had some spatiotemporal implications with a fluctuation of impact factors.

关键词： oases land use driving forces Sangong River logistic

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An epidemiological study on scorpion envenomation in the Zagora oases(Morocco)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第9期 704-707页

作者： Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan Oulaid Touloun Ali Boumezzough Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Department of BiologyFaculty of Sciences SemlaliaCadi Ayyad UniversityPO Box 2390Marrakesh 40000Morocco Polyvalent Laboratory of Research&Development LPVRD Department of BiologyPolydisciplinary FacultySultan Moulay Slimane UniversityBeni MellalPO Box 23023Morocco

Objective:To determine epidemiological features of scorpion stings in the oases of Southern Morocco:Zagora ***:A three-year prospective descriptive survey was performed to obtain epidemiological data on scorpion stings,including information on epidemiological characteristics of patients stung,and gathered information on scorpion species *** following information was recorded for each scorpion sting:demographics of stung patients(age,gender,geographical location),circumstances of the sting(location,time,date,activity at the time),and many traditional medical attention.A questionnaire was completed for every stung *** with the epidemiological survey,a systematic sampling of scorpions based on observations and direct captures in situ was ***:There were 50 cases of death among 1053 cases *** cases of death were recorded among children(under 15 years)(64%).The average age of victims was(23.00±15.36)*** scorpion sting occurred in 34.37%of cases between 18:00 and 24:00,and it coincided with the warm period and particularly between June and September(70%).The stings were principally in hands and feet(897 cases,85.71%).The majority of victims had chosen traditional remedies(69.61%),and only 22.79%had received modern treatment while 1.33%of cases did not receive any *** scorpion species involved were yellow in 179 cases and black in 815 *** 59 cases the scorpion involved was not ***:Our data constitute a preliminary descriptive study and suggest that scorpion envenomation is an important problem in the studied area.

关键词： oases Scorpions Scorpion envenomation Epidemiology Zagora Province

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Influence of groundwater depth on species composition and community structure in the transition zone of Cele oasis

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： Frank M. THOMAS Department of Geobotany University of Trier Behringstraβe 21 54296 Trier Germany

The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dominant plant species and characteristics of plant communities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth impacted distributions and characteristics of dominant plant communities. However, besides groundwater depth, the community composition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognomy of the habitat. Based on the similarity coefficient, the differences between dominant plant communities were significant at different groundwater depths. Compared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of community distribution were similar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extremely arid region, there were significant differences in community type and community succession when compared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from deep to shallow, communities transformed with the sequence of Alhagi communities, Tamarix spp. communities, Populus communities, Phragmites communities, and Sophora communities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m, the community type and composition changed, and the species diversity increased. Among these dominant species, Tamarix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which means it possessed the best adaptability to environmental conditions at the oasis margins.

关键词： groundwater depth community characteristic niche breadth oases Taklamakan desert

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Sustainable land-use patterns for arid lands: A case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第4期20卷 510-524页

作者： LUO Geping FENG Yixing ZHANG Baiping CHENG Weiming Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Urumqi 830011 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains （NSTM） as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oa- sis-and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.

关键词： northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains land type land-use pattern oases

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