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The changing Himalayan landscape:pine-oak forest dynamics and the supply of ecosystem services

Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 431-443页

作者： Niyati Naudiyal Joachim Schmerbeck Department of Natural Resources TERI UniversityVasantKunjNew Delhi 110070India Chair of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.479085 FreiburgGermany

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on pine and oak forest dynamics in the midmontane central Himalayan forest and the ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the livelihood of the central Himalayas as well as the adjacent plains, providing a number of tangible and intangible ecosystem services, at each stage of succession. The successional sequence starts from warm temperate grasslands, followed by early successional pine forests, mid-successional pine-oak mixed forests and eventually culminating in a late successional oak community. This successional sequence is considerably influenced by disturbances like fire, grazing, and lopping, which maintain the vegetation types in their current form and can act as potential drivers of change. Fire and grazing in grasslands and pine forests inhibit the successional process by hindering the establishment of pioneer and late successional species, respectively. Potential land-cover changes with forest succession can lead to changes in ecosystem services supply. We found that the number of ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types increase from early to late successional community. Current management approaches fail to include the dynamic nature of vegetation, which is essential for maintenance of ecosystem service supply. In conclusion, the trade-offs between ES of global （biodiversity and carbon） and local importance （fuel wood and fodder） have to be examined carefully in order to have effective conservation and management plans for the region.

关键词： Disturbance Ecosystem services Himalaya oak Pine

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Effect of fire severity on physical and biochemical soil properties in Zagros oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)forests in Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第1期28卷 95-104页

作者： M.Heydari A.Rostamy F.Najafi D.C.Dey Department of Forest Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesIlam UniversityIlamIran Department of Forest Science Islamic Azad UniversityIlam BranchIlamIran Expert in forest Science Ilarn Natural Resources OfficeIlamIran Research Forester Northern Research StationUSDA Fores tService202 Natural Resources BldgColumbiaMO 65211USA

Fire affects the physical and chemical properties and soil biological activity of natural ecosystems. This study was conducted in the Miyan Tang region, Ilam Province in western Iran. The study site was 110 hectares, where we sampled soils in areas that were classified by fire severity： low （LS）, high （HS） and medium severity （MS）, and unburned （UB）, which served as the control. In each severity class, 25 transect points were randomly selected for measurement. Around each transect plot center, 3 soil samples were selected randomly and soils collected from the 0 to 20 cm depth were combined into a composite sample that was used in laboratory analysis to represent conditions at that point. Plots in the UB and LS fire classes had similar soil conditions and had higher values of factors such as saturated moisture, organic carbon, carbon dioxide, and silt and clay content. In contrast, plots in the HS and MS fire severity classes were clustered in the positive direction along the first axis that represented gradients in soil acidity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, accessible phosphorus, accessible potassium, bulk density, and sand. Soil attributes were similar in areas of HS and MS fire severity classes, whereas soil conditions in the LS class and UB controls were most similar. Fire in the LS areas either did not significantly alter the physicalchemical soil properties and microbial basal respiration, or soils were able to recover quickly after being burned.

关键词： Fire severity oak Soil respiration Physical and chemical soil properties

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Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests, Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 43-57页

作者： Heydari MEHDI Aazami FATEMEH Faramarzi MARZBAN Omidipour REZA Bazgir MASOUD Pothier DAVID Prévosto BERNARD Department of Forest Science College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management College of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences Shahrekord University Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Ilam University Department of Wood and Forest Sciences Centre for Forest Research Laval University Irstea-National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m^2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m^2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.

关键词： climatic conditions conservation management beta diversity oak forests physical-chemical property semi-arid region

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Radicle pruning by seed-eating animals helps oak seedlings absorb more soil nutrient

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 637-645页

作者： Xianfeng YI Minghui WANG Chao XUE Mengyao JU College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufuChina

Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant-animal interactions,research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary reserves and absorption of soil *** used stable nitrogen isotopes to test how acorns of early-germinating oak species(Quercus variabilis,***,and ***)trade off nutrients in the cotyledons and those in the soil in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating *** pruning by rodents resulted in root branching in the 3 early-germinating oak ***,radicle pruning increased shoot dry weight and substantially reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of oak *** to the decreased dry weight of roots and root-to-shoot ratio,the dry weight of the remnant cotyledons was higher after radicle pruning in the 3 oak *** provided first evidence that radicle pruning by seed-eating animals improved seedling performance of early-germinating oaks by increasing absorption of nutrients from *** results indicate that early-germinating oak seedlings trade off nutrition budget by altering nutrient absorption from soil and reserve mobilization from cotyledons in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating *** study provided new insight into the nutrition allocation mechanism of young seedlings in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals,reflecting a mutualistic interaction between early-germinating oak and food-hoarding animals.

关键词： ^(15)N labeling biomass allocation oak radicle pruning seedling development

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Influence of mulching and tree shelters on 4-year survival and growth of zeen oak (Quercus canariensis) seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 129-141页

作者： Taher Mechergui Marta Pardos Douglass F.Jacobs Facultédes Sciences de Bizerte Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales (Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka) Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Centro de Investigacion Forestal Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center Purdue University

We assessed the effect of mulching and tree shelters on the establishment and early growth of zeen oak(Quercus canariensis Willd.) during the first 4 years after planting in Northwestern Tunisia. Five mulch types(Italian Stone Pine(Pinus pinea L.), Lentisk(Pistacia lentiscus L.),and a combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk(organic mulches), gravel(inorganic mulch) and control), and three tree shelter types(non-vented and vented tree shelters, and control) were tested. An increase in the number of internodes occurred under the gravel mulch, while a reduction in survival was found for the lentisk mulch. Tree shelters had no effect on survival, but increased mean height growth and reduced mean diameter growth during the 4 years(excepting a non-significant effect for vented tree shelter at year four). Comparison of the annual shoots and growth units(GU) between sheltered and unsheltered plants according to year of formation revealed two growth phases. In first phase, shoots were totally or partially inside the shelters; mean length of annual shoots and GU were greater for sheltered plants. The second phase was characterized by shoots emerging from shelters; mean length of annual shoots and GU were similar for all plants, with or without tree shelters. Results suggest that the use of tree shelters, particularly vented shelters, could contribute to the improvement of the artificial regeneration of zeen *** use of mulching alone or in combination with tree shelters did not improve zeen oak performance in the field.

关键词： Zeen oak Mulching Tree shelters Plantation Survival rate Growth

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Application of probability distribution in order to fit the diameter and natural and man-made height of oak species in two stands in Hyrcanian forests

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第3期9卷 293-301页

作者： Farah Mohammadi Mir Mozaffar Fallahchai[ Seyed Armin Hashemi Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University Lahijan Iran

In order to study the fitting of some characteristics like low diameter at breast height （DBH）, the height and height to the beginning of crown of the oak species in two man-made and natural forests of this species in north of Guilan＇s forests, Tooshi and Radarposhte forests were selected. A 100% inventory was done on a one-hectare sample plot in Tooshi man-made forests and on a two-hectare sample plot in Radarposhte natural forests. The results from this study showed that, in order to fit the diameter and the height of the oak trees in man-made stands, Johnson＇s SB and normal statistical distributions have more capabilities and the three-parameter gamma and the three- parameter Weibull distributions are appropriate for diameters and heights of the natural oak trees in Radarposhte forest, respectively.

关键词： Fitting diameter height oak Hyrcanian forests.

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Linking morphological and ecophysiological leaf traits to canopy dieback in Persian oak trees from central Zagros

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1755-1764页

作者： Ahmad Hosseini Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Juan Carlos Linares Department of Natural Resources AREEOIlam Agricultural and Natural Research and Education CenterIlam 69317-73835Iran Faculty of Natural Resources&Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoorMazandaran 46417-76489Iran Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversity Pablo de OlavideCarretera de Utrera Km 141013 SevilleSpain

Intraspecific variability in morphological and ecophysiological leaf traits might be theorized to be present in declining populations,since they seem to be exposed to stress and plasticity could be *** we focused on declining Persian oaks(Quercus brantii ***(Jaub and Spach)Zohary)in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran,representing the most important tree species of this *** selected trees with contrasting crown dieback,from healthy to severely defoliated,to investigate the relationships between canopy dieback and leaf morphology,water content and *** also measured esterase and peroxidase,as enzymatic antioxidants and indicators of contrasting *** showing moderate to severe defoliation showed higher leaf mass area(LMA),reduced relative water content(RWC),and lower stomatal density(SD).Increasing LMA indicates a more sclerophyllic structure,according to drier *** did not find significant differences in leaf pigments(chlorophyll a and b,and carotenoids)among crown dieback classes,suggesting that Persian oak trees are able to maintain accurate photochemical efficiency,while reduced RWC and SD suggest hydraulic *** results do not provide a consistent pattern as regards enzymatic antioxidant defense in Persian *** leaf traits would be important drivers of future adaptive evolution in Persian oak,leading to smaller and thicker leaves,which have fitness benefits in dry ***,drought responses may be critically affecting carbon uptake,as photosynthetic compounds are less effectively used in leaves with higher sclerophylly.

关键词： Crown dieback Drought Leaf mass area oak decline Quercus brantii Stomatal density Sclerophylly

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Restoration-Focused Germination and Development of Five Central Mexican oak Species

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第3期4卷 171-180页

作者： Alfonso-Corrado Cecilia Campos Jorge Eduardo Mendoza Ana Aguirre-Hidalgo Victor Valencia-Davalos Susana González-Adame Gabriel Wooden Garvey Fanny Clark-Tapia Ricardo Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias (FCME) Departamento de Biología Comparada UNAM Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. México Instituto de Ecología UNAM Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. México Instituto de Estudios Ambientales Universidad de la Sierra Juárez Oaxaca México Laboratorio de Bioquímica Molecular-Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO) Fes–IZTACALA Tlalnepantla México Nova Universitas Carretera a Puerto ángel Km. 34.5 Ocotlán de Morelos México

In the genus Quercus, regeneration by seed is reduced or absent in many species. The naturally protected area of the Sierra Fria, in Aguascalientes, Mexico contains forests that are fragmented and have been degraded due to human activities. The oak populations in this region demonstrate a very restricted sexual regeneration, with five of the most abundant species of this genus: Quercuseduardii, Q. grisea, Q. potosina, Q. resinosa and Q. sideroxyla presenting low seedling recruitment. In this study we evaluated seed viability and the effect of seed size on the germination, growth and survival of the trees, with the aim of recommending restoration and conservation program management actions for these oak species. In 2005 and 2006, 5000 acorns of each species were collected and viability, germination and growth experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse. We found high seed viability and significant size effect

关键词： Acorns oak Regeneration Seed Size Seed Viability

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Effect of Amino Acids on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.) Tree

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 626-641页

作者： Safaa Rahmouni Zineb Nejjar El Ansari Alain Badoc Patrick Martin Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach Ahmed Lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Axe MIB (Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique) Unité de Recherche Œnologie UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Bordeaux ISVV (Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin) Villenave-d’Ornon France Université d’Artois UniLaSalle Unité Transformations & Agroressources Béthune France.

In the present study, we tested the effect of amino acids on secondary somatic embryogenesis of Moroccan cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Secondary mature and immature somatic embryos were obtained from primary somatic embryos cultured in N30K medium supplemented with nineteen amino acids. Stimulation of embryogenesis was dependent on the type and concentration of amino acid in the medium. Thus, L-glutamine and L-asparagine at 3.42 mM have been proved to be the most favorable for the formation of functional somatic embryos and the induction of secondary somatic embryos.

关键词： Cork oak Quercus suber L. Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis Amino Acids

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Canopy Net Photosynthesis Rate of a Mongolian oak (<i>Quercus mongolica</i>) Forest Estimated by Field Experimental Data

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 390-411页

作者： Seung Jin Joo Soon-Ung Park Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Modeling Seoul Korea

The canopy net photosynthesis rate of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) tree species that are dominant in East Asia and Korea is estimated with empirical models derived from field experimental data obtained from the Nam-San site in Seoul, Korea for the growing period from early May to late October in 2010. The empirical models include the attenuation function of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) (r2 = 0.98-0.99, p r2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) derived from the measured data at several levels within the canopy. The incident PPFD at each level within canopy significantly varies diurnally and seasonally due to the seasonal variation of the total plant area index (TPAI = leaf area index + wood silhouette area index) and the light shielding effect of light path-length through the canopy in association with the variation of solar elevation angle. Consequently, a remarkable seasonal variation of the total canopy net photosynthesis rate of Q. mongolica forest stand is found for its growing period. The PPFD exceeding 1000 μmol m-2·s-1 is found to cause the decrease of net photosynthesis rate due to the thermal stress in the early (May) and late (September) growing period. During the whole growing season, the estimated total canopy net photosynthesis rate is found to be about 3.3 kg CO2 m-2.

关键词： Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) Canopy Net Photosynthesis Rate PPFD TPAI Solar Elevation Angle

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