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EVALUATION ON nutritive VALUE OF PORTUNUS TRITUBERCULATUS

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1997年第2期15卷 168-172页

作者：苏秀榕李太武丁明进

This study on the nutritive indexes (total nitrogen, amino acids, crude fats, inorganic elements,unsaturated fatty acids) of meat, male and female reproductive gland of Portunus trituberculatus showed that their nutritive value is in the order meat>female reproductive gland>male reproductive gland and that they do not raise the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents of the serum of the animals which eat them but increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the animal’s blood. These findings implied that people who have high blood lipid and aortic atheroma can safely use them as food. This study showed that P. trituberculatus has high nutritive value.

关键词： Portunus trituberculatus male and female glands nutritive value

nutritive Values and Antioxidant Activity of Citrullus lanatusFruit Extract

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1056-1064页

作者： Adewale Adetutu Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola Olusoji Abiodun Owoade Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a fruit cultivated and consumed in Africa for its essential nutrients which are very beneficial to the human body. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritive contents, free radical scavenging activities and phytochemical components of C. lanatus fruit. The extract of the fruit was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assessment using 1,1-di-phenylpicryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. The proximate and phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard procedures. The results of this study showed that C. lanatus fruit had very high moisture content and its crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content were all in traceable amounts. The sugar content was considerably high in comparison with other nutritive contents. Lycopene and β-carotene contents of C. lanatus fruit were estimated to be 4537.83 and 308.71 μg/100g respectively. The gross energy evaluation showed a value of 0.335 Kcal/g. The fruit extract exhibited significant (p 50 of 0.10 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity (IC50 of 0.62 mg/ml) in comparison with the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BTH). This study therefore recommends that C. lanatus fruit could be an excellent source of antioxidants which may prevent diseases whose pathogenesis involves oxidative stress.

关键词： Citrullus lanatus Phytochemical nutritive Contents Vitamins

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Timothy (Phleum pratenseL.), Silage Fermentation, nutritive Values, and Nutrient Intake

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 1030-1038页

作者： Peng Wang Kousaku Souma Hideki Okamoto Satomi Kin Akane Sugita Akihiro Furudate Chihiro Sato Akio Nibe Yimin Cai Takayoshi Masuko College of Animal Sciences Jilin University Changchun China Faculty of Bio-Business Management and Information Tokyo University of Agriculture Tokyo Japan Faculty of Bioindustry Tokyo University of Agriculture Hokkaido Japan Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science Ibaraki Japan Pioneer Hi-Bred Japan Co. Ltd. Hokkaido Branch Hokkaido Japan Tenpoku Branch Hokkaido Prefectural Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station (Currently Tenpoku Sub Station Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station Hokkaido Research Organization) Hokkaido Japan Central Agricultural Experiment Station Hokkaido Research Organi-zation (Currently) Hokkaido Japan Tenpoku Branch Hokkaido Prefectural Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station (Currently Tenpoku Sub Station Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station Hokkaido Research Organization) Hokkaido Japan

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of potassium fertilizer (standard (S) and high (H) levels) on water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), silage fermentation, nutritive values, and nutrient intake. The silage treatments were as follows: S level without inoculant (SC), S level plus inoculant (SI), H level without inoculant (HC), and H level plus inoculant (HI). The K content was increased by 14.5% in timothy grown with the H level compared with the S level. The WSC contents of the S and H treatments were 75.9 and 66.1 g·kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The silage fermentation quality was low with both SC and HC treatments. The addition of inoculant significantly improved the fermentation quality in SI and HI treatments. The addition increased the DM and organic matter digestibilities of silage. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage was highest with the HI treatment. The DM, TDN, and digestible energy intakes with the SI and HI treatments were improved compared with the SC and HC treatments, respectively. This study demonstrated negligible effects of K fertilizer levels and significant effects of the lactic acid bacteria inoculant on the fermentation quality, nutritive values, and feed intake of silage.

关键词： Feed Intake Fermentation Quality nutritive Value Potassium Fertilizer Timothy Silage

Productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) as influenced by cutting height and rate of fertilization with poultry litter or commercial fertilizer

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 455-465页

作者： Elias J. Bungenstab Adolfo C. Pereira Jr. John C. Lin James L. Holliman Russell B. Muntifering Van Beek Nutrition Pocatello USA Elanco Animal Health Greenfield USA Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Auburn USA

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the Black Belt region of the southeastern US, and information on its productivity and nutritive quality as influenced by fertility is needed. In each yr of a 2-yr study, an existing dallisgrass pasture that had been subdivided into 48 plots of 9.3 m2 each was fertilized with the equivalent of 34 (34N), 67 (67N), 101 (101N) or 134 (134N) kg N/ha from poultry litter (PL) or commercial fertilizer (CF;NH4NO3). In both years, primary-growth and vegetative regrowth forage was harvested in mid-August and late September, respectively, and forage from each harvest was clipped to either a 5- or 10-cm stubble height. Forage cut to a 5-cm height yielded 71% more (P nutritive quality of dallisgrass on Black Belt soils.

关键词： Dallisgrass Productivity nutritive Quality Poultry Litter

Determining nutritive Value of Cereal Crop Residues and Lentil (Lens esculanta) Straw for Ruminants

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 19-29页

作者： Eyob Haile Mathew Gicheha Francis K. Njonge Goitom Asgedom Department of Animal Sciences Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Animal Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability of seven different cereal crop residues were evaluated in this study. They included the Sorghum stovers (SS) and its threshed head residues (STH), millet stovers (MS) and its threshed head residues (MTH), corn stover (CS), wheat (WS) and barley (BS) straws. A legume crop residue (lentil, Lens esculanta, straw;LS) was included for comparison with the cereal crop residues. The CS was high (P crude protein (CP) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and the lowest (P < 0.05) in Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) when compared to the amounts in SS and MS. It was found out that LS had higher (P < 0.05) CP, ADL, ME and low (P < 0.05) NDF and ADF than the cereal crop residues. There were differences in digestible DM (DMD) at various incubation times both between and within the feed samples. The DM and OM a, c fraction were highest (P < 0.05) for LS when compared to all the cop residues evaluated. The BS and MS had the lowest effective degradability (ED) DM at 0.02 and 0.05 (P < 0.05) rates of passage, while the LS had the highest. The chemical composition and degradability of different crop residues found in Eritrea indicate the potential the residues have in supplementing grazing animals.

关键词： Cereal Crop Residues Chemical Composition Degradability nutritive Value

Could Grasshoppers Be a nutritive Meal?

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 164-175页

作者： Julieta Ramos-Elorduy Blásquez José Manuel Pino Moreno Víctor Hugo Martínez Camacho Instituto de Biología Departamento de Zoología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México.

The nutritive value of 25 edible Orthoptera in Mexico is shown. Protein content ranges from 43.93% to 77.13% (mix of Edible Acrididade of Puebla). Fat percentage goes from 4.22% to 34.21%. Richest species in ashes were Arphia fallax S., Sphenarium histrio G. and Sphenarium purpurascens Ch. with 16.5%. Energy contribution varies from 14.05 kJ to 21.88 kJ. Their amino acids profile was compared with the WHO/FAO/UNU Pattern (1985). The total quantity of es-sential amino acids that all insects species provides was superior to those signaled in the pattern. The highest quantity (53.60 g) was for Sphenarium histrio G. Chemical score goes from 50% to 88%. In vitamins, the highest value in Thiamine and Riboflavine was for Sphenarium magnum M., in Niacine for Sphenarium borrei B., in vitamin C and for vitamin D Acheta domestica L., and in Vitamin A for Periplaneta americana L. In minerals, all species were very rich in magnesium. All the edible orthopterans results were compared with those of the most conventional mexican foods used to obtain proteins. The quantity and quality of the nutrients that these edible orthopterans allows, provides a significant contribution to the nutrition of the peasants who eat them.

关键词： Edible Orthoptera nutritive Value Mexico Proteins Fats Energy

Grazing impact on forage quality and macronutrient content of rangelands in Qilian Mountains, NW China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 43-53页

作者： Alina BARANOVA Jens OLDELAND WANG Shun-li Udo SCHICKHOFF CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography University of Hamburg Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution of Plants Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden University of Hamburg Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains (AWRCFQM)

An important indicator of the rangeland health, associated with land degradation, is the ability of semi-natural rangelands to provide forage of sufficient quality for livestock production. In Qilian Mountains(Gansu Province, NW China) biomass production and forage quality are dependent on the seasonality of precipitation and temperature; most of the precipitation falls during summer season, when sheep, goats and yaks graze mountain rangelands. To sustain the rangelands and to improve the management strategies, the assessment of the forage quality should be implemented. The purpose of this research was to study the response of biomass, forage quality and macronutrient content different levels of grazing intensity in Qilian rangelands. We sampled aboveground biomass in the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013 within spring/autumn or summer grazing regimes in two altitudinal zones below and above 3000 m a.s.l.(montane-subalpine and subalpine-alpine respectively). In order to estimate forage quality, biomass was sampled in 1 m × 1 m plots, assigned to the center of 10 ×10 m sites, fromwhich we collected different indicator parameters of rangeland health. Mineral and fiber content of forage biomass was estimated under different levels of grazing intensity with regard to the growing period. It was found that an increase in grazing intensity led to a decrease in dry matter weight. No linearity was observed in the relationship between nutritive value and grazing intensity. The highest fiber content(59.20 %) was found in plots mostly disturbed by grazing. The highest protein(16.30 %) and the lowest fiber(51.30 %) contents were associated with slightly grazing intensity. Concentrations of the mineral elements, such as Zn, P, K and S varied significantly and showed maximum values under low grazing intensity.

关键词： Grazing intensity nutritive value Forage quality Mineral concentrations Alpine,Subalpine pastures

Dual-Use Bioenergy-Livestock Feed Potential of Giant Miscanthus, Giant Reed, and Miscane

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第1期8卷 97-112页

作者： David M. Burner Amanda J. Ashworth Daniel H Pote Jim R. Kiniry David P. Belesky James H. Houx III Paul Carver Felix B. Fritschi US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center Booneville AR USA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Poultry Production and Products Safety Research Fayetteville AR USA Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory USDA ARS Temple TX USA West Virginia University Plant & Soil Sciences Morgantown WV USA Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA New Energy Farms Leamington Canada

High yielding perennial grasses could integrate bioenergy-livestock operations, thereby, offsetting diversions of cropland to lignocellulosic crops, but research is needed to determine chemical composition and digestibility of leaf and stem fractions that might affect downstream reside uses. The objective of this study was to compare feedstock quality of leaf and stem tissues of dedicated bioenergy feedstocks: giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), giant reed (Arundo donax), and miscane (Saccharum hybrid × Miscanthus spp.) when grown with or without supplemental irrigation on an upland site. Three species were space-planted on a silt loam soil in March 2007 and harvested prior to the first freeze in plant-cane, first ratoon, and second-ratoon crops for three years. Giant miscanthus leaf tissue had greatest acid detergent lignin and cellulose, and lowest concentrations of nitrogen (N) and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in ratoon crops. Giant reed leaf tissue had greatest concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDMD), TNC, and N (P ≤ 0.05). Conversely, miscane stem tissue had greatest concentrations of IVDMD, TNC, hemicellulose, and low dry matter and combustible energy (P ≤ 0.05). Results suggest all species’ residue has positive feedstock attributes for thermochemical bioenergy conversion, and albeit giant miscanthus has very little potential value as fodder. Miscane stem and giant reed leaf tissue have potential value as livestock feed, although giant reed is not currently recommended for planting. Further research is needed on dietary composition, acceptability, voluntary intake, and live weight gain before any of these species are recommended as livestock feed sources.

关键词： Arundo donax Invasive Species Miscanthus × giganteus Agricultural Residue nutritive Value Saccharum spp. Hybrid Tissue Components Thermochemical Conversion Feedstock Traits

Earthworms: Charles Darwin’s ‘Unheralded Soldiers of Mankind’: Protective &Productive for Man &Environment

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2010年第3期1卷 251-260页

作者： Rajiv K. Sinha Krunal Chauhan Dalsukh Valani Vinod Chandran Brijal Kiran Soni Vishal Patel 不详

Earthworms promises to provide cheaper solutions to several social, economic and environmental problems plaguing the human society. Earthworms can safely manage all municipal and industrial organic wastes including sewage sludge and divert them from ending up in the landfills. Their body work as a ‘biofilter’ and they can ‘purify’ and also ‘disinfect’ and ‘detoxify’ municipal and several industrial wastewater. They reduce the BOD & COD loads and the TDSS of wastewater significantly. They can even remove the EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) from sewage which is not removed by the conventional sewage treatments plants. Earthworms can bio-accumulate and bio-transform many chemical contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and clean-up the contaminated lands for re-development. Earthworms restore & improve soil fertility by their secretions (growth hormones) and excreta (vermicast with beneficial soil microbes) & boost ‘crop productivity’. They have potential to replace the environmentally destructive chemical fertilizers from farm production. The ‘protein rich’ earthworm biomass is being used for production of ‘nutritive feed materials’ for fishery, dairy & poultry industries. They are also being used as ‘raw materials’ for rubber, lubricant and detergent industries. The bioactive compounds isolated from earthworms are finding new uses in production of ‘life saving medicines’ for cardiovascular diseases and cancer cure.

关键词： Detoxifying Disinfecting Waste Degradation Wastewater Purification Soil Decontamination Soil Fertil-ity Crop Production Earthworms Medicines nutritive Feed