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Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know?

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 24-34页

作者： Ahmed Mohamed Fouad Dong Ruan Shuang Wang Wei Chen Weiguang Xia Chuntian Zheng Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural ScienceKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China)of Ministry of AgricultureState Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingGuangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University

The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers. The Nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks. In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency（if insufficient nutrients are supplied）, as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare（if excessive nutrients are supplied）. Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed. In addition,the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs,fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks.

关键词： Ducks Nutritional requirements

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Research Progress on Nutritional requirements of Carp

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第1期16卷 37-39,43页

作者： Yina LU School of Life Sciences Zhaoqing UniversityZhaoqing 526061China

Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia,distributed in all regions of the world except Australia and South America.With the improvement of comprehensive and healthy breeding technology of carp,the unit yield has been greatly increased mainly due to the exten-sive use of compound feed.In this study,the Nutritional requirements of carp were summarized from the aspects of protein,amino acids,fat,carbohydrate,calcium and phosphorus,vitamins and taurine.This study provides a certain theoretical reference for scientific formula of carp feed.

关键词： Carp Nutritional requirements Foreground

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Isoenergetic-practical and semi-purified diets for protein requirement determination in Hermetia illucens larvae:consequences on life history traits

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 897-906页

作者： Sara Bellezza Oddon Ilaria Biasato Laura Gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly

Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of waste.To maximize the production and use waste as substrates,it is essential to determine the larvae Nutritional requirements.The study aims to evaluate the effects of5 practical,semi-purified and isoenergetic diets(PSPID)with increasing protein levels(10%,CP10;14%,CP14;16%,CP16;19%,CP19)on BSF life history traits.A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100(4 replicates/treatment[PSPID and Gainesville diet(GA)used as environmental control]).In larva-prepupa stage,sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate,while in prepupa-adult stage on 35.Results:In the whole larval stage,the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other groups.At18 days old,the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19(Prequirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.

关键词： Hermetia illucens Life history traits Nutritional requirements Semi-purified

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Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Dietary Intake of Thiamine, Riboflavin, and Niacin among Chinese Adults in 2015

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期33卷 660-669页

作者： LI Li ZHANG Bing WANG HuiJun OUYANG Yi Fei HUANG Fei Fei WANG Yun ZHANG Ji Guo SU Chang DU Wen Wen JIA Xiao Fang JIANG Hong Ru WANG Zhi Hong National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective To estimate the association between three B-vitamin intakes and sociodemographic factors among adults in China.Methods We derived our data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) among 12,241 individuals aged 18–64 years. Log binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios for factors associated with the inadequate intake of B-vitamins.Results Females with low incomes and living in the north had a higher prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake than those with high incomes and living in the south. Both males and females living in a village had a higher prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake than adults living in a city. Adults with low income, low education, and living in the north or in a village had a higher prevalence of inadequate niacin intake than adults with a high income, high education, and living in the south or in a city.Conclusion We found that income, region, and area of residence were associated with riboflavin intake. Education, income, region, and area of residence were associated with niacin intake. Welltailored strategies and policies are needed to improve nutritional status in China.

关键词： Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B deficiency Nutritional requirements China

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Optimization of Mycelial Culture Conditions and Fructification of Lentinus Species Using Rice Straw and Sawdust Based Substrates

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 519-530页

作者： Kalaw SP Dulay RMR Damaso EJ Ramos JC del Rosario MAG Abon MD De Leon AM Undan JR Reyes RG Tuklas Lunas Development Center Central Luzon State UniversityScience City of MunozNueva EcijaPhilippines 3120 Department of Biological Sciences College of ScienceCentral Luzon State UniversityScience City of MunozNueva EcijaPhilippines 3120

Lentinus(Basidiomycota,Polyporaceae)species are naturally-occurring mushrooms with nutritional and pharmacological importance.Unlike shiitake Lentinula edodes,a widely cultivated mushroom,Lentinus species are often ignored because they are underutilized and unpopular.However,like shiitake,Lentinus spp.could also be valuable resources of functional food and bioactive compounds.It is therefore of high interest to understand their cultural requirements leading to their efficient biomass production.Thus,this study established the optimal culture conditions for the maximum mycelial growth of seven wild strains under four Lentinus species.Their cultivation potentials were also determined using rice straw and sawdust(7:3 v/v)substrate formulation.Mycelia of all Lentinus strains evaluated favorably grew on coconut water gulaman(local crude agar)and other culture media for specific strain with suitable pH ranging from 5.0 to 8.0.Aeration was not a major physical factor for all Lentinus strains except L.squarrosulus strain 1,which favored sealed condition.Both lighted and dark conditions were found suitable for both strains of L.sajor-caju,L.strigosus strain 2 and L.swartzii whereas both strains of L.squarrosulus and L.strigosus strain 1 favorably grew in lighted condition.However,all Lentinus strains evaluated recorded the highest mycelial growth rates and thick mycelia at 30℃.In terms of fruiting body production,all Lentinus strains demonstrated cultivation potential.The seven Lentinus strains completely colonized the substrate for 18.0-25.6 days and initiated primordia for 21.6-33.5 days.The highest yield(52.5 g bag^(-1))and biological efficiency(10.5%)was recorded in L.strigosus strain 1,whereas the lowest was noted in L.strigosus strain 2 with 21.1 g bag^(-1) yield and 4.2%biological efficiency.L.sajor-caju strain 2 and L.squarrosulus strain 1 showed the widest cap diameter and longest stipe,respectively.The mycelial growth and fruiting body performance of Lentinus may vary depending on species and strains.Altogether,

关键词： fruit body formation medicinal mushrooms mycelia Nutritional requirements physical factors

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Modelling the effect of environmentally sustainable food substitutions on nutrient intake in pregnant women

Modelling the effect of environmentally sustainable food sub...

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中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： Tian Wang Allison Grech Hasthi Dissanayake Sinead Boylan Michael Skilton The University of Sydney

Adopting environmentally sustainable diets can substantially reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions(GHG). However, there remain concerns that consuming sustainable foods will increase the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies in periods of increased demand, including pregnancy. This study aimed to identify commonly consumed foods of pregnant women and determine the effect of their replacement with sustainable alternatives on nutrient intake and measures of environmental sustainability. Methods Dietary intake data from 171 pregnant women was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The food groups and food items that contributed most to energy and protein intake were identified. Of these foods, those that produce the highest GHG emissions(Poore et al. 2018) were matched with proposed sustainable alternatives for energy and protein content, and their impact on nutrient provision and sustainability measures were determined. Results Meats(bovine, poultry, fish, lamb and eggs), grains and dairy products were important sources of both energy and protein intake. With the highest GHG emissions, beef was selected as the reference food. Proposed food alternatives included lamb, chicken, eggs, fish, tofu, legumes and nuts. The most pronounced reductions in CO2 emission were from replacing beef with tofu, legumes and nuts. For example, replacing one serve of beef with an isocaloric serve of firm tofu per week during pregnancy could reduce GHG emissions by 372 kg CO2 eq, equivalent to that produced by an average passenger vehicle driving 1498 km. This replacement would not adversely impact iron(+1.1 mg per serve) content, whilst providing a richer source of calcium(+294.8 mg per serve), folate(+28.1μg per serve) and dietary fibre(+3.3 g per serve). A once weekly substitution of animal-derived foods for more sustainable plant-based alternatives within the context of a mixed diet has minimal effect on overall nutrient intake. Conclusion Simple dietary substitutions, as little as replacing one serve of re

关键词： Nutrition sustainability pregnancy Nutritional requirements food production system environment

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