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Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 54-66页

作者： Shouliang Huo Chunzi Ma Beidou Xi Yali Zhang Fengchang Wu Hongliang Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.

关键词： nutrient criteria Statistical analysis approach Paleolimnological reconstructionapproach Stressor-response model Model inference approach

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The effects of nutrients on stream invertebrates:a regional estimation by generalized propensity score

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 218-230页

作者： Zutao Ouyang Song S.Qian Richard Becker Jiquan Chen Center for Global Change and Earth Observations Michigan State University1405 S.Harrison RoadEast LansingMI 48823USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo2801 West Bancroft StreetToledoOH 43606USA

Introduction:The effects of nutrients on stream conditions within individual streams or small areas have been studied extensively,but the same effects over a large region have rarely been examined due to the difficulty of applying large-scale manipulative experiments.In this study,we estimated the causal effects of nutrients within the Western United States on invertebrate richness,an important biological indicator of stream conditions,by using observational data.Methods:We used the generalized propensity score method to avoid the common problem of statistical inference using observational data,i.e.,correlation established based on observational data does not imply a causal relationship because the effects of confounding factors are not properly separated.Results:Our analysis showed a subsidy-stress relationship between nutrients and invertebrate taxon richness in the whole Western United States and in its sub-ecoregions.The magnitude of the relationship varies among these subecoregions,suggesting a varying nitrogen effect on macroinvertebrates due,in large part,to the varying natural and anthropogenic conditions from ecoregion to ecoregion.Furthermore,our analysis confirmed that causal estimation results using regression can be sensitive to the imbalance of confounding factors.Conclusions:Stratifying data into ecoregions with relatively homogeneous environmental conditions or adjusting data by generalized propensity score can improve the balance of confounding factors,thereby allowing more reliable causal inference of nutrient effects.Invertebrates respond to the same nutrient levels differently across different site conditions.

关键词： nutrient criteria Water quality Environmental management Ecoregion

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