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Prospects of Technological Improvement of nuclear and Environmental Safety of World Energy

Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第8期13卷 536-548页

作者： Iryna Korduba Zhanna Patlashenko Olena Zhukova Department of Environmental Protection and Labor Protection Technologies Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture Kyiv Ukraine Department of Education Methodology for Sustainable Development of the State Environmental Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management Kyiv Ukraine

Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically mak

关键词： nuclear-Environmental Safety nuclear Power Reactor Unit nuclear fuel cycle nuclear Technologies of the Fifth Generation nuclear-Environmental Safety Wave Reactor Biocompatibility

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Americium Transmutation in the SVBR-100 Reactor

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World Journal of nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第3期10卷 116-128页

作者： A. V. Gulevich V. A. Eliseev O. G. Komlev I. V. Tormyshev G. I. Toshinsky JSC “SSC RF-IPPE” Obninsk Russia JSC “AKME-Engineering” Moscow Russia

One of the postponed problems of nuclear power (NP) is the problem of the management of long-lived radioactive waste (RAW), and, first of all, with minor actinides (MA), of which americium-241 is the most difficult. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of americium transmutation in a fast reactor with a heavy liquid metal coolant lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. The article presents the results of calculations of the transmutation of americium in the SVBR-100 reactor using standard uranium oxide fuel with the addition of americium-241. The obtained values of the rate of transmutation of americium are compared with similar values for the SVBR-100 reactors on MOX-fuel and in the BN-800 reactor.

关键词： SVBR-100 Fast Reactor nuclear Power Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Minor Actinides Americium nuclear fuel cycle Neutron Spectrum Core

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