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Shifting chemical defence or novel weapons? A review of defence traits in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and other invasive seaweeds

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第1期4卷 138-149页

作者： Gaoge Wang Yifei Ren Shasha Wang Minglei Hou Florian Weinberger Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao266003China Marine Ecology Division GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung KielDüsternbrooker Weg 2024105KielGermany

Seaweed bioinvasions increasingly affect coastal environments around the world, which increases the need for predictive models and mitigation strategies. The biotic interactions between seaweed invaders and invaded communities are often considered a key determinant of invasion success and failure and we here revise the current evidence that the capacity of seaweed invaders to deter enemies in newly reached environments correlates with their invasion success. Particularly efficient chemical defences have been described for several of the more problematic seaweed invaders during the last decades. However, confirmed cases in which seaweed invaders confronted un-adapted enemies in newly gained environments with deterrents that were absent from these environments prior to the invasion (so-called “novel weapons”) are scarce, although an increasing number of invasive and non-invasive seaweeds are screened for defence compounds. More evidence exists that seaweeds may adapt defence intensities to changing pressure by biological enemies in newly invaded habitats. However, most of this evidence of shifting defence was gathered with only one particular model seaweed, the Asia-endemic red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum, which is particularly accessible for direct comparisons of native and non-native populations in common garden experiments. A. vermiculophyllum interacts with consumers, epibionts and bacterial pathogens and in most of these interactions, non-native populations have rather gained than lost defensive capacity relative to native conspecifics. The increases in the few examined cases were due to an increased production of broad-spectrum deterrents and the relative scarcity of specialized deterrents perhaps reflects the circumstance that seaweed consumers and epibionts are overwhelmingly generalists.

关键词： Agarophyton vermiculophyllum Bioinvasion Chemical defence novel weapons hypothesis Shifting defence hypothesis

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novel role of allelochemicals in determining the success of Eupatorium adenophorum invasion

Novel role of allelochemicals in determining the success of ...

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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会

作者： ZHU XunZhi ZHANG JinTun MA KePing State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Biology and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University

Allelopathy has been hypothesized to play an important role in exotic plant invasion. Eupatorium adenophorum (croftonweed), one of the most destructive alien species in China, has been demonstrated or indicated to have inhibitory effects on other species in laboratory bioassay. However, allelopathic compounds of E. adenophorum may play other roles more than interspecific interference. Here we investigated whether E. adenophorum aqueous leachates could influence conspecific seed germination and seedling growth with laboratory bioassay and found that it could inhibit seed germination and reduce seedling root elongation of E. adenophorum. Then we examined interactions between E. adenophorum leachate and natural soil on germination and seedling growth of E. adenophorum itself and Brassica rapa, a local cultivated plant species, as control. The results showed that soil from different habitats altered the allelopathic effects that usually observed in laboratory bioassay. In the heavily invaded site, E. adenophorum and B. rapa were both inhibited by E. adenophorum leachates;whereas, in two lightly invaded sites, germination and seedling growth of E. adenophorum was significantly facilitated but B. rapa was not influenced. We can infer that allelochemicals from E. adenophorum play a dramatic role in regulating its population density.

关键词： allelochemicals allelopathy Eupatorium adenophorum exotic invasion novel weapons hypothesis phytotoxicity

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