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Influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of water level fluctuation of lakes in the Northern Qaidam Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1243-1257页

作者： Yaping CHENG Qishun FAN Tianyuan CHEN Haotian YANG Qingkuan LI Chunmei HAN Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes Xining 810008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The qaidam basin(QB)is a concentrated distribution area and chemical industrial bases of salt lakes in China.Lakes in the QB have been expanding during the past 20 years.Rapid lake expansion resulted in some considerable scientific issues on the protection of salt lake resources and infrastructure,and monitoring of hydrological processes at the lake-basin scale.Although the spatial-temporal trends of lake changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)have been well documented,the underlying influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of rapid lake changes in the QB are not well understood.Three lakes in the northern QB were selected to investigate lake water level fluctuations on different time scales based on extensive in-situ monitoring and satellite observations.The influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of rapid changes of terminal lakes were discussed in combination with the reported increasing precipitation rate and mass balance of glaciers in the northern QTP.Results reveal the following:(1)the fluctuation pattern of Sugan Lake was asynchronous and out of phase with that of Xiao qaidam and Toson lakes during the monitoring period;(2)Sugan Lake water rose gradually,and the rise interval was from late April to early July.In contrast,Xiao qaidam and Toson lakes took on a rapid and steep rise,and the rise intervalwas from late July to September;(3)the influencing mechanisms for rapid lake fluctuations are controlled by different factors:glacier and snow melting with increasing temperature for Sugan Lake and increasing precipitation for Xiao qaidam and Toson lakes;(4)in accordance with different intervals and influencing mechanisms of rapid lake expansions in the QB,hydrological risk precaution of lakes and corresponding river catchments was conducted in different parts of the basin.This study provided an important scientific basis for assessing the hydrological process and hydrological risk precaution,and protection of salt lake resources along with rapid lake expansions in the arid area.

关键词： lake level fluctuation influencing mechanism hydrogeological implication Northern Qaidam Basin in-situ monitoring

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Reservoir Quality and Controlling Mechanism of the Upper Paleogene Fine-Grained Sandstones in Lacustrine basin in the Hinterlands of Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第3期34卷 806-823页

作者： Lei Gong Xianzhi Gao Futao Qu Yongshu Zhang Guangya Zhang Jun Zhu College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Exploration&Development Research Institute of Qinghai Oilfield Company PetroChinaDunhuang 736202China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The Upper Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained sandstones in the hinterlands of the Northern Qaidam Basin mainly contain two sweet spot intervals.Fracture/fault,microfacies,petrology,pore features,diagenesis,etc.,were innovatively combined to confirm the controlling factors on the reservoir quality of shallow delta-lacustrine fine-grained sandstones.The diagenesis of the original lake/surface/meteoric freshwater and acidic fluids related to the faults and unconformity occurred in an open geochemical system.Comprehensive analysis shows that the Upper Paleogene fine-grained sandstones were primarily formed in the early diagenetic B substage to the middle diagenetic A substage.Reservoir quality was controlled by fault systems,microfacies,burial-thermal history,diagenesis,hydrocarbon charging events(HCE),and abnormally high pressure.Shallow and deep double fault systems are the pathways for fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration.Sandstones developed in the high energy settings such as overwater(ODC)and underwater distributary channels(UDC)provide the material foundation for reservoirs.Moderate burial depth(3000-4000 m),moderate geothermal field(2.7-3.2℃/100 m),and late HCE(later than E3)represent the important factors to protect and improve pore volume.Meteoric freshwater with high concentrations of CO_(2)and organic acids from thermal decarboxylation are the main fluids leading to the dissolution and reformation of feldspar,rock fragments,calcite and anhydrite cements.Abnormally high pressure caused by the undercompaction in a large set of argillaceous rocks is the key to form high-quality reservoirs.Abnormal pressure zones reduced and inhibited the damage of compaction and quartz overgrowth to reservoir pores,allowing them to be better preserved.A reservoir quality evaluation model with bidirectional migration pathways,rich in clay minerals,poor in cements,superimposed dissolution and abnormally high pressure was proposed for the ODC/UDC finegrained sandstones.This model will facilitate the future development of fine-gr

关键词： sandstone reservoir quality diagenetic system genetic mechanism petroleum research Upper Paleogene Northern Qaidam Basin

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Paleomagnetic constraints on Paleogene-Neogene rotation and paleo-stress in the Northern Qaidam Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2385-2404页

作者： Ling SUN Junliang JI Bingshuai LI Xingbo LI Wujun WU Kexin ZHANG Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China Jiangsu Oilfield Company SinopecYangzhou 225009China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest PetroChinaLanzhou 730020China Institute of Geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Knowing the rotation and paleo-stress history in qaidam basin is a fundamental parameter to quantify the mechanism of intracontinental deformation in Tibetan Plateau.However,few studies have been conducted on tectonic rotation and stress evolution over long timescales in the qaidam basin.Here,we report new magnetic declination and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)from a~52–7 Ma sequence of fluvial and lacustrine sediments in the Dahonggou(DHG)section in the Northern Qaidam Basin.The magnetic declination revealed that the Northern Qaidam Basin underwent a clockwise rotation 25.1°±8.6°during~33–17 Ma,followed by a counterclockwise rotation 16.9°±6.8°during~17–13.5 Ma.The AMS results showed that the“earliest deformation”fabrics were interrupted by the“pencil structure”fabrics in the intervals of~52–45 and~21–15 Ma.The interruption,synchronous with the marked deceleration of the India-Asia convergence rate,indicates pulse of strong tectonic compressive stress.In addition,the AMS results documented a transition in stress direction from S-N to SW-NE at~15 Ma,suggesting a kinematic shift in the northeastern TP.Our constraints on the rotation and stress from the Northern Qaidam Basin support the two-stage evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault(ATF).The fast-rate slip motion on the ATF during the early Oligocene caused the clockwise rotation in the Northern Qaidam Basin;the second stage with enhanced thrusting since the middle Miocene caused extensive crustal shortening and dispersive NW-trending folds and faults in the qaidam basin and the northeastern TP.

关键词： Tectonic rotation Stress Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility Paleo-Neogene Northern Qaidam Basin Tibetan Plateau

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Dual Control of Depositional Facies on Uranium Mineralization in Coal-bearing Series： Examples from the Tuanyushan Area of the Northern Qaidam Basin, NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第2期92卷 733-754页

作者： GUO Biao SHAO Longyi WEN Huaijun HUANG Guangnan ZOU Mingjun LI Yonghong College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beoing 100083 China School of Resources and Environment North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450046 China Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration Xining 810007 China

The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of Northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coal- bearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the 613C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.

关键词： coal-bearing series dual control uranium deposits Northern Qaidam Basin Tuanyushan

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The pore structure and fractal characteristics of shales with low thermal maturity from the Yuqia Coalfield, northern qaidam basin, northwestern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 148-159页

作者： Haihai HOU Longyi SHAO Yonghong LI Zhen LI Wenlong ZHANG Huaijun WEN School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China No. 105 Exploration Team Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration Xining810067 China

The continental shales from the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation of the Northern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China, have been investigated in recent years because of their shale gas potential. In this study, a total of twenty-two shale samples were collected from the YQ-1 borehole in the Yuqia Coalfield, Northern Qaidam Basin. The total organic carbon （TOC） contents, pore structure parameters, and fractal characteristics of the samples were investigated using TOC analysis, lowtemperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, and fractal analysis. The results show that the average pore size of the Shimengou shales varied from 8.149 nm to 20.635 nm with a mean value of 10.74 nm, which is considered mesopore-sized. The pores of the shales are mainly inkbottle- and slit-shaped. The sedimentary environment plays an essential role in controlling the TOC contents of the low maturity shales, with the TOC values of shales from deep to semi-deep lake facies （mean： 5.23%） being notably higher than those of the shore-shallow lake facies （mean： 0.65%）. The fractal dimensions range from 2.4639 to 2.6857 with a mean of 2.6122, higher than those of marine shales, which indicates that the pore surface was rougher and the pore structure more complex in these continental shales. The fraetal dimensions increase with increasing total pore volume and total specific surface area, and with decreasing average pore size. With increasing TOC contents in shales, the fractal dimensions increase first and then decrease, with the highest value occurring at 2% of TOC content, which is in accordance with the trends between the TOC and both total specific surface area and total pore volume. The pore structure complexity and pore surface roughness of these low-maturity shales would be controlled by the combined effects of both sedimentary environments and the TOC contents.

关键词： shale gas pore structure fractal dimension,Yuqia Coalfield Jurassic Northern Qaidam Basin

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Lacustrine basin evolution and coal accumulation of the Middle Jurassic in the Saishiteng coalfield, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第3期5卷 205-220页

作者： Meng Li Long- Yi Shao Lei Liu Jing Lu Baruch Spiro Huai-Jun Wen Yong-Hong Li College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China Institute of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China Department of Mineralogy Natural History Museum London United Kingdom Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration Xining 810000 China

Based on an extensive borehole survey of the Middle Jurassic coat-bearing sequences in the Saishiteng coalfield, Northern Qaidam Basin （NQB）, a total of 20 rock types and 5 sedimentary facies were identified, including braided river, meandering river, braided delta, meandering river delta, and lacustrine facies. The distribution of rock types and sedimentary facies contributed to the reconstruction of three periods＇ sedimentary facies maps of the Middle Jurassic in the Saishiteng coalfield, namely, the Dameigou age, the early Shimengou age and the late Shimengou age. That also provided the basis for the development of a three-stage depositional model of the Middle Jurassic in the NQB, indicating the lacustrine basin of the NQB in the Dameigou age and early Shimengou age were corresponding to an overfill basin, and that in the late Shimengou age was related to a balanced-fill basin. The analysis of the stability and structure of coat seams based on sedimentary facies maps showed that the preferred coal-forming facies in the Saishiteng coalfield were inter-delta bay and interdistributary bay of lower delta plain in the Dameigou age. In particular, the swamps that developed on the subaqueous pataeohigh favored the development of thick coat seams. Thus, ruinable coal seams may also be found along the Pingtai pataeohigh in the western part of the Saishiteng coalfield.

关键词： Sedimentary facies Middle Jurassic Northern Qaidam Basin Lacustrine basin evolution Coalaccumulation

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Analysis on Structural Control of Coal Distribution in the Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期82卷 690-696页

作者： LIU Tianji WANG Tong ZHAN Wenfeng Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geology Xining Qinghai 810001 China China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing 100039 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China

The distribution of the Jurassic coal measures in the Northern Qaidam Basin is obviously controlled by the regional structures. Based on the existing data of coalfield exploration and combined with the analysis of coalfield basement structures, features of the main faults, and the distribution of coal measures, this paper brings forward a scheme of coalfield tectonic divisional units and the definition of the coal-controlling structural styles in the Northern Qaidam Basin. The structure control of the distribution of coal measures is further discussed. Several stages of regional tectonic activities since the Indosinian has led to the distribution of coal measures into the characteristics of zonation from the north to south and block from east to west. The results indicate that the structural deformations are the most intense in the front of the three uplifted belts, which are characterized by the combination of thrusts. The coal measures are uplifted to the shallow formations, and are easy to be exploited, but the scale of mines is small because of serious damages by the coal distribution. On the contrary, the stress and strain are weak in the three depressions, with the coal-controlling structural styles being mainly the thrust-fold and thrust-monocline combinations. The distribution of coals in the depressions is relatively stable. The shallower part of the depression will become the key areas for exploration and development of coal resources in the Northern Qaidam Basin.

关键词： Northern Qaidam Basin tectonic units coal-controlling structural styles distribution regularity of coal measures

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