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Vegetation-environment relationship in conifer dominating forests of the mountainous range of Indus Kohistan in northern pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1989-2000页

作者： Adam KHAN Moinuddin AHMED Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQI Mohib SHAH Eduardo Soares CALIXTO Afsheen KHAN Paras SHAH Javed IQBAL Muhammad AZEEM Department of Botany University of BunerSwari 19290Pakistan Dr.Moinuddin Ahmed Research Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology Department of Botany FederalUrdu University of ArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan Department of Botany University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Entomology University of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoRibeirao Preto 14040-900Brazil Dr.Abdul Ghaffar laboratory of Plant Pathology and Aerobiology Department of BotanyFederal Urdu University ofArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan

Environmental variables play a crucial role in shaping vegetation structure,mainly in mountainous *** studies have attempted to identify the environment-vegetation relationship of Conifer Dominating Forests(CDF)***,due to differences in local climate and soil composition,different environmental drivers can be *** applying multivariate analysis techniques,this study investigated the vegetation-environment relationship of CDF of Indus Kohistan in northern *** results showed that CDF of Indus Kohistan are distributed in five distinct ecological groups,which are dominated by different trees and understory species.A total of 7 trees and 71 understory species were recorded from the sampling *** deodara was the leading species among four groups,having the highest importance value(IV),density and basal *** I was dominated by Pinus wallichiana with the second highest importance value,density and basal *** addition,elevation,slope,maximum water holding capacity(MWHC),soil moisture(SM),total organic matter(TOM),sodium,phosphorus and nickel showed highly significant influence on composition and distribution pattern of Indus Kohistan ***,this study shows a new evidence of vegetation-environment relationship,pointing out specific drivers of vegetation structure in CDF of Indus Kohistan region in northern pakistan.

关键词： Conifer forests Understory species Environmental variables Multivariate analysis Indus Kohistan northern pakistan

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Lithological mapping with multispectral data–setup and application of a spectral database for rocks in the Balakot area, northern pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 948-963页

作者： Michael FUCHS Adnan A.AWAN Sardar S.AKHTAR Ijaz AHMAD Simon SADIQ Asif RAZZAK Naghmah HAIDER Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Stilleweg 230655 HanoverGermany Geological Survey of pakistan IslamabadPakistan

In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called pakistan spectral library(pklib) version 0.1, contains the analysis data of sixty rock samples taken in the Balakot region in northern *** spectral library is implemented as SQLite database. Structure and naming are inspired by the convention system of the ASTER Spectral Library. Usability, application and benefit of the pklib were evaluated and depicted taking two approaches, the multivariate and the spectral based. The spectral information were used to create indices. The indices were applied to Landsat and ASTER data tosupportthespatial delineation of outcropping rock sequences instratigraphic formations. The application of the indices introduced in this paper helps to identify spots where specific lithological characteristics occur. Especially in areas with sparse or missing detailed geological mapping, the spectral discrimination via remote sensing data can speed up the survey. The library can be used not only to support the improvement of factor maps for landslide susceptibility analysis, but also to provide a geoscientific basisto further analyze the lithological spotin numerous regions in the Hindu Kush.

关键词： Lithological mapping Multispectral data Spectral library Normalized difference index northern pakistan

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Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using multiple statistical approaches along the Karakoram highway,northern pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 583-598页

作者： Mian Luqman HUSSAIN Muhammad SHAFIQUE Alam Sher BACHA CHEN Xiao-qing CHEN Hua-yong National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

China-pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)is a framework of regional connectivity,which will not only benefit China and pakistan but will have positive impact on Iran,Afghanistan,India,Central Asian Republic,and the *** surrounding area in CPEC is prone to frequent disruption by geological hazards mainly landslides in northern *** landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment are rarely available to utilize for landslide mitigation *** study aims to utilize the high-resolution satellite images to develop a comprehensive landslide inventory and subsequently develop landslide susceptibility maps using multiple *** very high-resolution(VHR)satellite images are utilized to develop a landslide inventory using the visual image classification techniques,historic records and field observations.A total of 1632 landslides are mapped in the *** statistical models i.e.,frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression were used for landslide susceptibility modeling by comparing the landslide inventory with the topographic parameters,geological features,drainage and road *** developed landslides susceptibility maps were verified using the area under curve(AUC)*** prediction power of the model was assessed by the prediction rate *** success rate curves show 93%,92.8%,92.7%and 87.4%accuracy of susceptibility maps for frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression,*** developed landslide inventory and susceptibility maps can be used for land use planning and landslide mitigation strategies.

关键词： Landslides Inventory map Susceptibility assessment northern pakistan CPEC

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Landslide inventory and susceptibility modelling using geospatial tools,in Hunza-Nagar valley,northern pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1354-1370页

作者： Alam Sher BACHA Muhammad SHAFIQUE Harald van der WERFF National Centre of Excellanee in Geology University ofPeshawar Peshawar-25130 Pakistan Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation （ITC） University of Twente Ensehede 7500 AE The Netherlands

A comprehensive landslide inventory and susceptibility maps are prerequisite for developing and implementing landslide mitigation strategies. Landslide susceptibility maps for the landslides prone regions in northern pakistan are rarely available. The Hunza-Nagar valley in northern pakistan is known for its frequent and devastating landslides. In this paper, we have developed a landslide inventory map for Hunza-Nagar valley by using the visual interpretation of the SPOT-5 satellite imagery and mapped a total of 172 landslides. The landslide inventory was subsequently divided into modelling and validation data sets. For the development of landslide susceptibility map seven discrete landslide causative factors were correlated with the landslide inventory map using weight of evidence and frequency ratio statistical models. Four different models of conditional independence were used for the selection of landslide causative factors. The produced landslides susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and area under curves criteria. The prediction power of the models was also validated with the prediction rate curve. The validation results shows that the success rate curves of the weight of evidence and the frequency models are 82% and 79%, respectively. The prediction accuracy results obtained from this study are 84% for weight of evidence model and 80% for the frequency ratio model. Finally, the landslide susceptibility index maps were classified into five different varying susceptibility zones. The validation and prediction result indicates that the weight of evidence and frequency ratio model are reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map, which may be helpful for landslides management strategies.

关键词： Landslides Inventory map Susceptibility assessment northern pakistan

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Integrating predictive modeling techniques with geospatial data for landslide susceptibility assessment in northern pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2603-2627页

作者： Aamir ASGHAR SU Li-jun ZHAO Bo Nadeem Ahmad USMANI Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Chengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan The University of Poonch Rawalakot Rawalakot 12350Pakistan

The eastern road section of the Chinapakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)traverses the challenging terrain of northern pakistan,where frequent landslides pose a significant threat to socioeconomic development and ***,the insufficient data on landslide hazards presents a substantial challenge to practical mitigation ***,we conducted an extensive study to gain insight into landslide assessment along the Mansehra-Muzaffarabad-Mirpur and Mangla(MMMM)*** study involved preparing a landslide inventory,analyzing landslide causative factors,and developing landslide susceptibility models(LSMs)using published data,remote sensing interpretations,field excursions and integrated predictive *** first used Pearson's correlation coefficient(PCC),variable importance factors(VIF),and information gain ratio(IGR)to evaluate multicollinearity among the selected landslide causative factors(LCFs).Then,the topographic roughness index(TRI)with VIF>5 and PCC>0.7 was considered a redundant factor and thus removed before the data ***,we adopted multiple machine-learning methods to analyze landslide *** results indicate that the landslide inventory contains 1,776 events,of which 674 were classified based on geometrical and lithological *** IGR results show that the rainfall,lithology,PGA,drainage density,slope,and distance to fault are the most effective *** AUC values for random forest(RF)(0.901),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)(0.884),and K-nearest neighbor(KNN)(0.872)remained higher than evidential belief function(EBF)(0.833),weight of evidence(WoE)(0.820),and certainty factor(CF)(0.810),*** RF model outperformed all other models in terms of ***,these models are accurate but newer in the area;thus,susceptible zones were verified with comprehensive field *** northern and central regions accounted for the high and very high susceptibility classes in th

关键词： Landslides MMMM expressway Machine learning Landslide susceptibility northern pakistan

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Biological Status of Indus River Dolphin （Platanista Minor Owen） in Indus River, northern pakistan

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第1期5卷 39-47页

作者： Farzana Perveen Sardar Azher Mehmood Shabbir Ahmed Zia Ur Reman Department of Zoology Hazara University Garden Campus Mansehra-21300 Pakistan

A study was aimed to determine the biological status of the Indus river dolphin, Platanista minor Owen in Indus river with respect to distribution, threats and protection throughout its range in northern pakistan. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in an area of 103.5 km including the Indus river and its tributaries in March 2009 for estimating its distribution and population size using both direct observations of the dolphin as well as indirect evidences from its signs. The best group size was estimated with an abundance of 54 dolphins. Approximately 53.7% （1.07 dolphin＆m） of the dolphin-population occurred in 27 km from Miran onward to Ramak, however, 38.9% （0.46 dolphin/km） occurred in 46 km from Dera Ismail （D.I.） Khan bridge to Miran, moreover, 7.4% （0.13 dolphin/kin） occurred in 30.5 km from Saggu, near Meetapur-village to D.I. Khan bridge in the Indus river. The highest density was found between Miran and Ramk. A pronounced increase in dolphin encounter rate and abundance were observed in a downstream-direction. Threats to dolphins include too much vessel-traffic, disturbance by the crane, duck-hunters, and no effective-protection. Dolphins are particularly vulnerable to the high levels of anthropogenic activities because of their restricted habitat. Threats vary geographically in their importance, but generally include accidental killing during fishing-operations, habitat-loss and population-fragmentation from water development. Deliberate killing for dolphin products also threatens the dolphins. Potential for protections and possibilities for dolphin eco-tourism measures must be taken.

关键词： Dolphin endangered or critically endangered Indus river northern pakistan protection population.

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Pressure from hunting on crane species in southern districts of northern pakistan

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Chinese Birds 2010年第4期1卷 244-250页

作者： Farzana PERVEEN Hafeez Ullah KHAN Department of Zoology Hazara University

This study was carried out to assess the biological status of two crane species, the Common Crane (Grus grus L.) and the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo L.), with respect to the hunting pressure in two southern districts of northern pakistan, Bannu and Lakki. Field surveys, interviews and questionnaires were the major tools for data collection. We visited 165 hunting camps in the fall of 2008 and 85 in the spring of 2009 in the two districts. Of the hunters, most possessed wildlife permits for hunting and most people hunted for recreation. According to our survey, the population of two crane species is declining due to overhunting, destruction of natural habitats, anthropogenic activities and geographical factors. Suggestions for protection of the cranes are proposed.

关键词： Common Crane Demoiselle Crane hunting conservation northern pakistan

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The Role of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in Rural Development in the Karakorum, Hindu Kush & Himalayan Region: Examples from the northern Mountainous Belt of pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 331-343页

作者： Fazlur-Rahman Department of Geography Urban & Regional Planning University of Peshawar University Town 25100 Peshawar NWFP Pakistan

pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the country, the top-down approach has been followed, and the same development plans that were formulated for the plain areas have been extended to the mountains without any modification. In doing so, neither the participation of the local communities was cared for, nor the mountain specificities were considered in the planning process. Moreover, the representation of the local inhabitants was improper and contradictory to the facts. This biased approach has been one of the main causes for the failure of development projects carried out by different agencies of the Government. Contrary to the perception of the state authorities, the mountain communities proved to be more open to accept new approaches and demonstrated the capacity and capability of being a dependable development partner. In this paper, a detailed account of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme （AKRSP） has been presented to assess and evaluate the approach followed by this non-governmental organisation （NGO）, and the response of the local inhabitants as collaborators in the development process. The achievements of the AKRSP from project planning, implementation and monitoring can be adopted as a model for rural development not only in the plains, but also in the mountainous areas of the developing countries in the world.

关键词： Rural development mountains northern pakistan Aga Khan Rural Support Programme village organisations

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Focal mechanism study of north Potwar deformed zone, pakistan

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2004年第3期17卷 255-261页

作者： Mona Lisa Shahid A Khan Azam A Khwaja Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan Microseismic Studies Program MSSP Nilore 45650 Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan

northern Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) is a part of the foreland zone of NW Himalayan folds and thrust belt. Seismicity map has been prepared for this region, which appears to be less active as compared with adjacent re-gions with apparently no distinct pattern or relationship with surface structures. Focal mechanism solutions of 4 events, for which required parameters are available, indicate left-lateral strike- slip faulting for 3 events and thrust-ing for one event. P-axes orientations are in NW-SE and NE-SW. Basement is most likely involved in the ongoing deformation.

关键词： focal mechanism seismicity northern pakistan

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