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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and north american muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents.From reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one north american cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)clade.Recent studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high elevation.Brain structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same clade.We observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size north america Rodentia sensory evolution

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GRACE-based estimates of groundwater variations over north america from 2002 to 2017

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 11-23页

作者： Hansheng Wang Longwei Xiang Holger Steffen Patrick Wu Liming Jiang Qiang Shen Zhen Li Masaki Hayashi State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Lantmateriet 80182GavleSweden Department of Geoscience University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

GRACE-based estimates for groundwater storage(GWS)changes in north america substantially depend upon correction of glacialisostatic adjustment(GIA)effects,which are usually removed with GIA models.In this study,GIA effects are eliminated by employing an independent separation approach with the aid of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)vertical velocity data.Our goal is to provide an independent estimate for monthly GWS changes within north america in 1-degree-grids and their trends over the whole GRACE mission lifetime from April 2002 to June 2017.This estimate is derived from the release-6 version of GRACE monthly level-2 data,GNSS data,land surface models for soil moisture and snow wa-ter equivalent,and satellite altimetric lake leveldata.We find a GWS anomaly in form of an increasing trend in Saskatchewan,which affects the Saskatchewan Province and the states of Montana,north Dakota and Minnesota,and 4 GWS anomalies with declining trends in Nevada,California,Arizona and Texas,respec-tively.The monthly changes of these GWS anomalies,except for the one in Nevada,are validated by well level data.We provide results for average monthly GWS changes and the trends for the 5 anomalies but also in separate form for the 13 affected states or provinces.The increasing trends of the Saskatchewan GWS anomaly and the affected 3 states are related to increasing precipitation and can be elucidated by the decreasing drought intensity level.On the contrary,the declining trends in GWS can be explained by weakening precipitation and are mostly supported by the increasing drought intensity level in the other 4 anomalies and the affected states,which are Nevada,California,Arizona,New Mexico,Texas,Oklahoma,Kansas,and Colorado.Ourestimates of monthly GWS changes and their trendscan serveas alternativeand beneficial input for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in north america.

关键词： north america Gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) GNSS Groundwater Precipitation Drought

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Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and north america in Chamaecyparis:Insights from ecological niche models

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Plant Diversity 2017年第3期39卷 111-116页

作者： Ping Liu Jun wen Tingshuang Yi Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunrning Yunnan 650201 China Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonion Institution Washington DC United States

The disjunct distribution of plants between eastern Asia(EA) and north america(NA) is one of the most well-known biogeographic patterns. However, the formation and historical process of this pattern have been long debated. Chamaecyparis is a good model to test previous hypotheses about the formation of this disjunct pattern as it contains six species disjunctly distributed in EA, western north america(WNA)and eastern north america(ENA). In this study, we applied ecological niche models to test the formation of the disjunct pattern of Chamaecyparis. The model calibrated with the EA species was able to predict the distribution of eastern NA species well, but not the western NA species. Furthermore, the eastern Asian species were shown to have higher niche overlap with the eastern north american species. The EA species were also shown to share more similar habitats with ENA species than with WNA species in the genus. Chamaecyparis species in WNA experienced a significant niche shift compared with congeneric species. Chamaecyparis had a low number of suitable regions in Europe and the middle and western NA during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) period, and became extinct in the former region whereas it retains residual distribution in the latter. The extirpations in western NA and Europe in response to the late Neogene and Quaternary climatic cooling and the more similar habitats between ENA and EA ultimately shaped the current intercontinental disjunct distribution of Chamaecyparis. Both current hypotheses may be also jointly applied to explain more eastern Asian and eastern north american disjunctions observed today.

关键词： Disjunction Eastern Asia north america Chamaecyparis Ecological niche models Maxent

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Latitudinal trends in genus richness of vascular plants in the Eocene and Oligocene of north america

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Plant Diversity 2016年第3期38卷 133-141页

作者： AJ.Harris Cassondra Walker Justin R.Dee Michael W.Palmer Smithsonian Institution Department of BotanyNational Museum of Natural History Oklahoma State University Integrative Biology501 Life Sciences West Oklahoma State University Botany301 Physical Sciences Oklahoma State University Plant BiologyEcologyand Evolution301 Physical Sciences

The latitudinal richness gradient is a frequent topic of study on the modern landscape,but its history in deep time is much less well known.Here,we preliminarily evaluated the paleolatitudinal richness gradient of vascular plants for the Eocene(56-33.9 million years ago) and Oligocene(33.9-23 million years ago) epochs of north america north of IVlexico using 201 fossil floras.We calculated the direction and shape of the gradient using quadratic regression to detect linear and curvilinear trends.We performed regressions for the Eocene and Oligocene as well as for informal time intervals within the Eocene:early,middle,and middle + late.We found that quadratic models better explain the data than linear models for both epochs as well as for the early Eocene.A roughly linear trend in the middle and middle + late intervals may reflect limited sampling of high latitude floras for those times.The curvilinear relationship was weak for the Eocene and the model showed a peak in richness at 45.5°N.The curvilinear relationship was much stronger for the Oligocene and the peak occurred at 48.5°N.In the Eocene,the mid-latitude peak in richness may be explained by mean annual temperature,which was probably higher at some mid-latitudes than at lower ones.For the Oligocene,the peak in richness at midlatitudes may be explained by evolutionary diversification within the temperate zone or by increased aridity at low latitudes.We also assessed the latitudinal richness gradient of genera within modern floras in north america north of Mexico and we found a weak,curvilinear trend with a peak in richness at 31.5°N.Our results suggest that the latitudinal genus richness gradient of vascular plants in north america continued to develop into its modern structure following the Oligocene.

关键词： Eocene Genus richness north america Oligocene Paleolatitude Vascular plants

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Comparative profile for COVID-19 cases from China and north america: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and disease biomarkers

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第1期9卷 118-132页

作者： Alaa Badawi Denitsa Vasileva Public Health Risk Sciences Division Public Health Agency of CanadaToronto M5V3L7ONCanada Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S1A8ONCanada Center for Heart Lung Innovation University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z1Y6BCCanada

BACKGROUND Large inter-individual and inter-population differences in the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been noted.Understanding these differences and how they influence vulnerability to infection and disease severity is critical to public health intervention.AIM To analyze and compare the profile of COVID-19 cases between China and north america as two regions that differ in many environmental,host and healthcare factors related to disease risk.METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to examine and compare demographic information,clinical symptoms,comorbidities,disease severity and levels of disease biomarkers of COVID-19 cases from clinical studies and data from China(105 studies)and north america(19 studies).RESULTS COVID-19 patients from north america were older than their Chinese counterparts and with higher male:Female ratio.Fever,cough,fatigue and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms in both study regions(present in about 30%to 75%of the cases in both regions).Meta-analysis for the prevalence of comorbidities(such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cancer,and chronic kidney diseases)in COVID-19 patients were all significantly more prevalent in north america compared to China.Comorbidities were positively correlated with age but at a significantly younger age range in China compared to north american.The most prevalent infection outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome which was 2-fold more frequent in north america than in China.Levels of C-reactive protein were 4.5-fold higher in the north american cases than in cases from China.CONCLUSION The differences in the profile of COVID-19 cases from China and north america may relate to differences in environmental-,host-and healthcare-related factors between the two regions.Such inter-population differences-together with intrapopulation variability-underline the need to characterize the effect of

关键词： COVID-19 Symptoms Comorbidities China north america Adults

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A Possible Mechanism for Winter Sea Ice Decline over the Bering Sea and Its Relationship with Cold Events over north america

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第3期34卷 575-585页

作者： Wenqin ZHUO Zhina JIANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

In this study,the mechanism for the sea ice decline over the Bering Sea and its relationship with cold events over north america are investigated based on the daily ERA-Interim data during the winter(December-February)of1979-2016.The results show that the sea ice decline over western(eastern)Bering Sea is mainly contributed by(1)the strengthened southerly(southeasterly)wind near the surface,which possibly pushes the sea ice to move northward,and(2)the intensified downward infrared radiation(IR),which is closely related to the local increasing surface air temperature(SAT)and the intensified moisture convergence mostly induced by the anomalous southeasterly wind associated with an anticyclonic anomaly over the Alaska Bay.During the sea ice decline over the Bering Sea,a cold SAT anomaly is simultaneously found over north america.It is proved that the occurrence of such a cold event is driven by the atmospheric internal variation,but not the forcing of sea ice decline over the Bering Sea.This study deepens our understanding of sea ice decline and its relationship with contemporary cold events in winter.

关键词： sea ice decline cold events the Bering Sea north america

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Opposing Trends of Winter Cold Extremes over Eastern Eurasia and north america under Recent Arctic Warming

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第12期37卷 1417-1434页

作者： Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Under recent Arctic warming,boreal winters have witnessed severe cold surges over both Eurasia and north america,bringing about serious social and economic impacts.Here,we investigated the changes in daily surface air temperature(SAT)variability during the rapid Arctic warming period of 1988/89–2015/16,and found the daily SAT variance,mainly contributed by the sub-seasonal component,shows an increasing and decreasing trend over eastern Eurasia and north america,respectively.Increasing cold extremes(defined as days with daily SAT anomalies below 1.5 standard deviations)dominated the increase of the daily SAT variability over eastern Eurasia,while decreasing cold extremes dominated the decrease of the daily SAT variability over north america.The circulation regime of cold extremes over eastern Eurasia(north america)is characterized by an enhanced high-pressure ridge over the Urals(Alaska)and surface Siberian(Canadian)high.The data analyses and model simulations show the recent strengthening of the high-pressure ridge over the Urals was associated with warming of the Barents–Kara seas in the Arctic region,while the high-pressure ridge over Alaska was influenced by the offset effect of Arctic warming over the East Siberian–Chukchi seas and the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)–like sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the north Pacific.The transition of the PDO-like SST anomalies from a positive to negative phase cancelled the impact of Arctic warming,reduced the occurrence of extreme cold days,and possibly resulted in the decreasing trend of daily SAT variability in north america.The multi-ensemble simulations of climate models confirmed the regional Arctic warming as the driver of the increasing SAT variance over eastern Eurasia and north america and the overwhelming effect of SST forcing on the decreasing SAT variance over north america.Therefore,the regional response of winter cold extremes at midlatitudes to the Arctic warming could be different due to the distinct impact of decadal SST anomalies.

关键词： daily surface air temperature variability extreme cold days Arctic warming eastern Eurasia north america

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A Comparative Analysis of Primary and Extreme Characteristics of Dry or Wet Status between Asia and north america

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第2期28卷 352-362页

作者：华丽娟马柱国钟霖浩 College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Regional Center for Temperate East Asia Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for the Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI） was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and north america from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with north america, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in north america. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central north america were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of north america, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and north america. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but north america reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in north america： a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin？a event was considered during 1997–2003.

关键词： mean dry/wet status extreme drought event Asia north america comparative analysis Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI）

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Integrating global land cover products for improved forest cover characterization: an application in north america

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第9期7卷 709-724页

作者： Xiao-Peng Song Chengquan Huang Min Feng Joseph O.Sexton Saurabh Channan John R.Townshend Global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Six widely used coarse-resolution global land cover data-sets–Global Land Cover Characterization(GLCC),Global Land Cover 2000(GLC2000),GlobCover land cover product(GlobCover),MODIS land cover product(MODIS LC),the University of Maryland land cover product(UMD LC),and the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields tree cover layer(MODIS VCF)disagree substantially in their estimates of forest cover.Employing a regression tree model trained on higher-resolution,Landsat-based data,these multisource multiresolution maps were integrated for an improved characterization of forest cover over north america.Evaluated using a withheld test sample,the integrated percent forest cover(IPFC)data-set has a root mean square error of 11.75%–substantially better than the 17.37% of GLCC,17.61% of GLC2000,17.96% of GlobCover,15.23% of MODIS LC,19.25%of MODIS VCF,and 15.15%of UMD LC,respectively.Although demonstrated for forest,this approach based on integration of multiple products has potential for improved characterization of other land cover types as well.

关键词： land cover forest data fusion regression tree north america

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Sexual medicine disparities between Asia and north america： commentary on male sexual dysfunction in Asia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第4期13卷 605-606页

作者： Benjamin F Katz Doron S Stember Harris M Nagler Beth Israel Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx NY 10461 USA

In a recently published article in Asian Journal of Andrology, Ho et al.1 examine prevalence, attitudes, and treatment patterns related to sexual dysfunction in Asia and contrast them with those of Western society. They highlight the relative paucity of data with respect to erectile dysfunction （ED）, premature ejaculation, and hypogonadism in the Asian population.

关键词： Sexual north america

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