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normal tension glaucoma: from the brain to the eye or the inverse?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1845-1850页

作者： Hui-Jun Zhang Xue-Song Mi Kwok-Fai So Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences PokfulamHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Ophthalmology The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of peripheral vision first and then central vision. Clinically, normal tension glaucoma is considered a special subtype of glaucoma, in which the patient’s intraocular pressure is within the normal range, but the patient experiences typical glaucomatous changes. However, increasing evidence has challenged the traditional pathophysiological view of normal tension glaucoma, which is based only on intraocular pressure, and breakthroughs in central nervous system imaging may now greatly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying normal tension glaucoma. In this article, we review the latest progress in understanding the pathogenesis of normal tension glaucoma and in developing imaging techniques to detect it, to strengthen the appreciation for the connection between normal tension glaucoma and the brain.

关键词： nerve regeneration normal tension glaucoma open angle glaucoma neurodegenerative diseases visual field cerebrospinal fluid pressure imaging techniques pathogenesis magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging metabolic changes neural regeneration

Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 1006-1015页

作者： Xixi Liu Yidong Chen Wenhao Tang Li Zhang Wei Chen Zhiqiang Yan Peng Yuan Ming Yang Siming Kong Liying Yan Jie Qiao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThird HospitalCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijing 100191China National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Beijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction(Peking University) Ministryof EducationBeijing 100191China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Urology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is also expressed in human male testes. This suggests a potential risk in human male reproductive system. However, the characteristics of ACE2-positive cells and the expression of other SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes are still worthy of further investigation. Here, we performed singlecell RNA seq(scRNA-seq) analysis on 853 male embryo primordial germ cells(PGCs) and 2,854 normal testis cells to assess the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the male reproductive system from embryonic stage to adulthood. We also collected and constructed the scRNA-seq library on 228 Sertoli cells from three non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA) patients to assess the effects at disease state. We found that ACE2 expressing cells existed in almost all testis cell types and Sertoli cells had highest expression level and positive cells ratio. Moreover, ACE2 was also expressed in human male PGCs. In adulthood, the level of ACE2 expression decreased with the increase of age. We also found that ACE2 positive cells had high expressions of stress response and immune activation-related genes. Interestingly, some potential SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes such as TMPRSS2, BSG, CTSL and CTSB had different expression patterns in the same cell type. Furthermore, ACE2 expression level in NOA donors’ Sertoli cells was significantly decreased. Our work would help to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male reproductive system.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 testis cells ACE2 TMPRSS2 fetal adult normal NOA

Disease progression in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第14期19卷 2256-2261页

作者： Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Jae-uk Shin Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh Seung Woon Paik Byung Chul Yoo Department of Internal Medicine Sanggye Paik HospitalInje University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate whether the disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels differs by ALT levels.METHODS:A total of 232 chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT(normal" and "low-normal" ALT groups after determining the best predictive cutoff level associated with disease progression for each gender.The incidence of disease progression,as defined by the occurrence of an increase of ≥ 2 points in the Child-Pugh score,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,bleeding gastric or esophageal varices,hepatic encephalopathy,the development of hepatocellular carcinoma,or death related to liver disease,were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Baseline serum ALT levels were associatedwith disease progression for both genders.The best predictive cutoff baseline serum ALT level for disease progression was 26 IU/L in males and 23 IU/L in females.The mean annual disease progression rate was 1.2% and 3.9% for male patients with baseline ALT levels ≤ 25 IU/L(low-normal) and > 26 IU/L(highnormal),respectively(P = 0.043),and it was 1.4% and 4.8% for female patients with baseline ALT levels ≤ 22 IU/L(low-normal) and > 23 IU/L(high-normal),respectively(P = 0.023).ALT levels fluctuated during the follow-up period.During the follow-up,more patients with "high-normal" ALT levels at baseline experienced ALT elevation(> 41 IU/L) than did patients with "lownormal" ALT levels at baseline(47.7% vs 27.9%,P = 0.002).The 5 year cumulative incidence of disease progression was significantly lower in patients with persistently "low-normal" ALT levels than "high-normal" ALT levels or those who exhibited an ALT elevation > 41 U/L during the follow-up period(0%,8.3% and 34.3%,P normal" ALT level in chronic hepatitis C patients was associated with disease progression,suggesting that the currently accepted normal threshold of serum ALT should be lowered.

关键词： Alanine aminotransferase Upper limits of normal Disease progression Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma

Quantitative analysis　of　light　sensitivities　in　central　30-degree　visual　field　　of　normal　Chinese　an

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Chinese Medical Journal 1997年第2期110卷 129-133页

作者：李毅吴振中蒋幼芹 DepartmentsofPathologyandOphthalmology UniversityofWaslutngtonSeattleWA9

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关键词：吴振中 central degree visual light sensitivities normal analysis Chinese Quantitative

normal-mode attenuation and group velocity in shallow water

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Science China Mathematics 1998年第2期41卷 203-210页

作者：李风华肖灵 National Laboratory of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The computational methods of the mode attenuation and group velocity in shallow water are discussed and two novel modified weighted integral formulae are presented. The accuracy of the modified weighted integral formulae, cycle distance formulae and weighted integral formulae in the Pekeris channel is compared theoretically and numerically. Transmission losses are calculated by those three kinds of formulae in a shallow water. Theoretical analyses and numerical results show that the modified weighted integral formulae provide higher accuracy than the weighted integral formulae. So the modified weighted integral formulae can be widely used for computing the shallow water acoustic field.

关键词： normal mode group velocity attenuation cycle distance weighted integral.

normal Cayley graphs of finite groups

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Science China Mathematics 1998年第3期41卷 242-251页

作者：王长群王殿军徐明耀 Dapartment of System Science and Mathematics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Applied Mathematics Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Mathematics Peking University Beijing China

Let G be a finite group and let S be a nonempty subset of G not containing the identity element 1. The Cayley (di)graph X=Cay(G,S) of G with respect to S is defined by V(X)=G,E(X)={(g,sg)g∈G,s∈S}. A Cayley (di)graph X=Cay(G,S) is said to be normal if R(G)A=Aut(X). A group G is said to have a normal Cayley (di)graph if G has a subset S such that the Cayley (di)graph X=Cay(G,S) is normal. It is proved that every finite group G has a normal Cayley graph unless GZ 4×Z 2 or GQ 8×Z r 2(r≥0) and that every finite group has a normal Cayley digraph, where Z m is the cyclic group of order m and Q 8 is the quaternion group of order 8.

关键词： Cayley graph normal Cayley (di)graph.

normal families of meromorphic mappings of several complex variables into P^(N)(C) for moving targets

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Science China Mathematics 2005年第Z1期48卷 355-364页

作者： TU Zhenhan LI Pingli School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China School of Mathematics and StatisticsWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Motivated by Ru and Stoll's accomplishment of the second main theorem in higher dimension with moving targets, many authors studied the moving target problems in value distribution theory and related topics. But thereafter up to the present, all of researches about normality criteria for families of meromorphic mappings of several complex variables into PN(C) have been still restricted to the hyperplane case. In this paper, we prove some normality criteria for families of meromorphic mappings of several complex variables into PN(C) for moving hyperplanes, related to Nochka's Picard-type theorems.The new normality criteria greatly extend earlier related results.

关键词： complex projective spaces, meromorphic mappings, moving targets, normal families and value distribution theory.

normal family of quasimeromorphic mappings

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Science China Mathematics 2003年第4期46卷 440-449页

作者：孙道椿杨乐 Department of Mathematics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080China

The more general quasimeromorphic mappings are studied with the geometric method. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the normality of the family of quasimeromorphic mappings are discussed. We proved two inequalities on the covering surface and obtained some normal criteria on quasimeromorphic mappings with them. Obviously, these criteria hold for meromorphic functions.

关键词： quasimeromorphic mapping, normal family, covering surface.

Diagnostic value of FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferaseto-platelet ratio index and liver stiffness measurement in hepatitis B virus-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第31期23卷 5746-5754页

作者： You-Wen Tan Xing-Bei Zhou Yun Ye Cong He Guo-Hong Ge Department of Hepatology the Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University

AIM To assess the diagnostic value of FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI), and liver stiffness measurement(LSM) in patients with hepatitis B virus infection who have persistently normal alanine transaminase(PNALT).METHODS We enrolled 245 patients with chronic hepatitis B: 95 in PNALT group, 86 in intermittently elevated alanine transaminase(PIALT1) group [alanine transaminase(ALT) within 1-2 × upper limit of normal value(ULN)], and 64 in PIALT2 group(ALT > 2 × ULN). All the patients received a percutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasonography. LSM, biochemical tests, and complete blood cell counts were performed.RESULTS The pathological examination revealed moderate inflammatory necrosis ratios of 16.81%(16/95), 32.56%(28/86), and 45.31%(28/64), and moderate liverfibrosis of 24.2%(23/95), 33.72%(29/86), and 43.75%(28/64) in the PNALT, PIALT1, and PIALT2 groups, respectively. The degrees of inflammation and liver fibrosis were significantly higher in the PIALT groups than in the PNALT group(P 0.05) was found in AUCs for all comparisons(P > 0.05 for all). In the overall patients, a significant difference in the AUCs was found only between LSM and APRI(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION APRI and FIB-4 are not the ideal noninvasive hepatic fibrosis markers for PNALT patients. LSM is superior to APRI and FIB-4 in PNALT patients because of the influence of liver inflammation and necrosis.

关键词： Liver stiffness measurement Hepatitis B virus FIB-4 Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index normal Alanine aminotransferase