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Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

Neuroscience Bulletin 2011年第5期27卷 319-324页

作者： Ghulam Abbas Sabira Naqvi Shahab Mehmood Nurul Kabir Ahsana Dar H.E.J.化学研究所药理学部化学生物学国际中心Karachi大学 Dr.Panjwani分子医学与药物研究中心化学生物学国际中心Karachi大学

Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.

关键词： forced swimming test immobility time noradrenalin serotonin dopamine adrenalin neurodegeneration

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Effects of K. Lysolecithin on Blood Levels of Monoamines in Mice

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007年第3期27卷 212-219页

作者： Yuka Itokwa Aki Kozu Takashi Nakamura Takashi Masubuchi Masami Oshima Kwang-Ho Cho Jung-Sook Choi Toshihiro Miura Torao Ishida Yeunhwa Gu Suzuka Univercity of Medical Science Graduate School of Health Science Society of Preventive and Alternative Medicine Department of Radiological Science Catholic University of Deagu College of Health Science Gyeongdo Provincial College

In this research, Lysolecithin-a substance made with 100% natural ingredients - was given to ICR mice as medication to measure its periodic effect on the noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels of the brain. Both ICR and SAM mice were separated into two groups - control group and Lysolecithin (K. Lysolecithin: hydrolytic lysolecithin) medicated group, and given 1-week preparation period. The K. Lysolecithin group was given 500mg/kg of K. Lysolecithin at 0.2mL per dosage for 4 weeks, and the control group was given the same amount of dosage of water during the same period. NA, DA and 5-HT concentrations were measured from the blood before medication and 8 weeks / 12 weeks / 16 weeks after the first medication. For the SAM mice, 8 weeks after they were medicated with K .Lysolecithin, Morris Water Maze Test was conducted for 7 consecutive days and then the concentrations were measured by drawing blood from the heart. The K. Lysolecithin medicated group showed a tendency to have a statistically significant higher concentrations of 5-HT and NA in the blood. Also, periodic examination showed that the monoamine levels were highest in the 12th week and declined thereafter.

关键词： K. Lysolecithin Serotonin noradrenalin Dopamine Alzheimer's Syndrome

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Modulation of Neurotransmission by a Specified Oregano Extract Alters Brain Electrical Potentials Indicative of Antidepressant-Like and Neuroprotective Activities

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第1期3卷 37-46页

作者： M. Hasan Mohajeri Regina Goralczyk Wilfried Dimpfel DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. R & D Human Nutrition and Health Basel Switzerland NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany

Different behavioral states are characterized by distinct patterns of global brain activity. Therefore, the biological effects of herbal extracts on brain functions can be assessed by analyzing the local field potentials, the so-called electropharmacogram analysis. Inspired by our recent findings that a specified oregano extract (OE) exhibited a triple-reuptake activity in vitro, this extract was tested in model of Tele-Stereo-electroencephalogram (EEG) to elucidate how OE affects the electrical brain activity in freely moving rats. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was performed to compare the electric brain activity of four standardized brain regions with those produced by several reference compounds, representing a whole variety of clinical indications. Oral intake of OE produced fast and robust dose and time dependent EEG alterations consisting of significant changes of spectral power in comparison to controls. Strongest effects were seen with respect to alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 waves representing an activation of serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively. Moreover, the discriminant analysis revealed that OE’s pattern of activity locates in close vicinity to antidepressant and neuroprotective compound. The presented data support the hypothesis suggesting the use of OE as a neuroprotective dietary supplement to promote mood, motivation and mental wellbeing.

关键词： EEG Dopamine Serotonin noradrenalin OréVida Diet Mood Therapy

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