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Non-thermal plasma enhances performances of biochar in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第4期16卷 475-483页

作者： Rusen Zhou Xiaoxiang Wang Renwu Zhou Janith Weerasinghe Tianqi Zhang Yanbin Xin Hao Wang Patrick Cullen Hongxia Wang Kostya(Ken)Ostrikov College of Environmental Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyQLD 4000Australia School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandQLD 4350Australia

Surface functionalization or modification to introduce more oxygen-containing functional groups to biochar is an effective strategy for tuning the physicochemical properties and promoting follow-up applications.In this study,Non-thermal plasma was applied for biochar surface carving before being used in contaminant removal and energy storage applications.The results showed that even a low dose of plasma exposure could introduce a high number density of oxygen-functional groups and enhance the hydrophilicity and metal affinity of the pristine biochar.The plasma-treated biochar enabled a faster metal-adsorption rate and a 40%higher maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal ion Pb^(2+).Moreover,to add more functionality to biochar surface,biochar with and without plasma pre-treatment was activated by KOH at a temperature of 800℃.Using the same amount of KOH,the plasma treatment resulted in an activated carbon product with the larger BET surface area and pore volume.The performance of the treated activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode was also substantially improved by>30%.This study may provide guidelines for enhancing the surface functionality and application performances of biochar using non-thermal-based techniques.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma surface functionalization biochar modification wastewater treatment supercapacitor

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Regulation of mixed Ag valence state by Non-thermal plasma for complete oxidation of formaldehyde

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第1期33卷 434-437页

作者： Kai Li Jian Ji Yanling Gan Haibao Huang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Indoor Air Pollution Control Engineering Research Center Guangzhou 510006China

Formaldehyde is an important air pollutant and its removal is essential to protect human health and meet environmental regulations.Ag-based catalyst has a considerable potential for HCHO oxidation in low temperature range.The valence state of Ag is one of the key roles in formaldehyde catalytic oxidation.However,its effect on activity is still ambiguous.Non-thermal plasma and conventional calcination were employed to regulate Ag valence state in this study.Three Ag-Co/CeO_(2)catalysts with totally different distribution of Ag species were obtained.A special mixed Ag valence state,~50%Ag^(δ+)with a few Ag^(0)and Ag^(+),was achieved by plasma activation.It had the merits of both good activity and stability.A close relationship between Ag valence state and the activity for HCHO oxidation was established.The activity of different Ag species follows the order:Ag^(δ+)+Ag^(0)+Ag^(+)>Ag^(δ+)>Ag^(0)>Ag^(+).

关键词： Ag valence Non-thermal plasma HCHO Complete oxidation Ag-based catalyst

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NOx storage and reduction assisted by Non-thermal plasma over Co/Pt/Ba/γ-Al2O3 catalyst using CH_(4) as reductant

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plasma Science and Technology 2021年第2期23卷 76-84页

作者：竹涛张星伊能静刘海兵李振国 Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Management and Pollution Control China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083People's Republic of China Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Technology Center China Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100029People's Republic of China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640People's Republic of China

NOx storage and reduction(NSR)technology has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for the removal of nitric oxides(NOx)from lean-burn engines,and the potential of the plasma catalysis method for NOx reduction has been confirmed in the past few decades.This work reports the NSR of nitric oxide(NO)by combining Non-thermal plasma(NTP)and Co/Pt/Ba/γ-Al2O3(Co/PBA)catalyst using methane as a reductant.The experimental results reveal that the NOx conversion of NSR assisted by NTP is notably enhanced compared to the catalytic efficiency obtained from NSR in the range of 150°C–350°C,and NOx conversion of the 8%Co/PBA catalyst reaches 96.8%at 350°C.Oxygen(O_(2))has a significant effect on the removal of NOx,and the NOx conversion increases firstly and then decreases when the O_(2)concentration ranges from 2%to 10%.Water vapor reduces the NOx storage capacity of Co/PBA catalysts on account of the competition for adsorption sites on the surface of Co/PBA catalysts.There is a negative correlation between sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and NOx conversion in the NTP system,and the 8%Co/PBA catalyst exhibits higher NOx conversion compared to other catalysts,which shows that Co has a certain SO_(2)resistance.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma NOx storage and reduction Co/Pt/Ba/γ-Al2O3 catalyst NOx conversion influence parameter

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Acceleration of DDT by Non-thermal plasma in a single-trial detonation tube

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第5期31卷 1012-1019页

作者： Dianfeng ZHENG Bing WANG College of Engineering Peking University School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University

This paper compares the flame acceleration in single-trial dual-detonation tubes triggered by a spark plug and Non-thermal plasma igniter. The low-temperature plasma was generated by an in-house novel AC-driven dielectric barrier discharge igniter, which reduces the power supply requirements and was applied in the quiescent ignition of a single-trial detonation tube. Three different types of detonation mixtures were tested with flame propagation tracked by ion probes and pressure waves recorded by high-frequency pressure transducers. The flame propagation speeds were calculated and compared based on signals from the ion probes. The detonation combustion succeeded in the dual tubes, but the deflagration-to-detonation transition could be significantly accelerated by the plasma for all mixtures, as it was shortened by more than 50% compared to that of the spark plug. The present study provides a suitable technological approach for igniters of PDEs.

关键词： AC driven Deflagration-to-detonation transition Dielectric barrier discharge Non-thermal plasma Pulse detonation engine

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Analysis of the microstructure and elemental occurrence state of residual ash-PM following DPF regeneration by injecting oxygen into Non-thermal plasma

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plasma Science and Technology 2021年第9期23卷 163-175页

作者：施蕴曦卢奕睿蔡忆昔何勇周银崔应欣孙浩铭 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People's Republic of China Vehicle Measurement Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSchool of Automobile and TransportationXihua UniversityChengdu 610039People's Republic of China

Particulate matter(PM)capture tests were carried out on clean diesel particulate filters(DPFs)under different loads(25%,50%,75%and 100%).DPFs were regenerated by a Non-thermal plasma(NTP)injection device.Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate changes in the microstructure and element occurrence state of the sediment in DPF channel before and after regeneration.The order of the PM samples decreased before NTP treatment as the load increased;the amorphous carbon content was high,and the oxidationactivity was higher.After NTP treatment,the carbon atoms at the edge of the microcrystalline structure in the ash-PM samples were oxidized,and the structure was reorganized;in addition,the amorphous carbon content decreased,and the structure was more diversified.Before NTP,the C element of PM samples was the main component,and the content of the O element was relatively low.The C element occurred in the form of C–C,C–OH,and O–C=O functional groups,and O atoms were mainly combined with C–O.After NTP,the content of Na,P,S,Ca,and other inorganic elements in ash-PM samples was prominent because C atoms were removed by NTP active substances.There were two forms of S element occurrence(SO42-and SO32-);the proportion of SO42-was approximately 40%,and the proportion of SO32-was approximately60%.Study of the microstructure and element occurrence of the residues in the DPF channels improved our understanding of the mechanism of the low-temperature regeneration of DPFfrom NTP.

关键词： diesel particulate filter regeneration Non-thermal plasma ash-PM microstructure occurrence state

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Non-thermal plasma fixing of nitrogen into nitrate： solution for renewable electricity storage？

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2018年第1期11卷 92-96页

作者： Yi HE Zhengwu CHEN Zha LI Guangda NIU Jiang TANG Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

The rapid deployment of solar and wind technology produces significant amount of low-quality electricity that calls for a better storage or usage instead of being discarded by the grid.Instead of electrochemical CO2 reduction and/or NH3 production,here we propose that Non-thermal plasma oxidation of N2 into nitrate or other valuable nitrogen containing compounds deserve more research attention because it uses free air as the reactant and avoids the solubility difficulty,and also because its energy consumption is merely 0.2 MJ/mol,even lower than the industrially very successful Haber-Bosch process（0.48 MJ/mol）for NH3 production.We advocate that researchers from the plasma community and chemistry community should work together to build energy efficient Non-thermal plasma setup,identify robust,active and low-cost catalyst,and understand the catalyzing mechanism in a plasma environment.We are confident that free production of nitrate with zero C02 emission will come true in the near future.

关键词： energy storage nitrogen fixation Non-thermal plasma

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Effect of the amount of trapped particulate matter on diesel particulate filter regeneration performance using nonthermal plasma assisted by exhaust waste heat

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plasma Science and Technology 2020年第1期22卷 87-95页

作者：施蕴曦蔡忆昔李小华濮晓宇赵楠王为凯 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 People's Republic of China

An experimental system of diesel particulate filter(DPF)regeneration using Non-thermal plasma(NTP)technology assisted by exhaust waste heat was conducted and regeneration experiments of DPFs with different amounts of trapped particulate matter(PM)were conducted.The concentrations of the PM decomposition products(CO,)and the internal temperature of the DPF were monitored to determine the performance of DPF regeneration and thermal safety of the NTP technology.The results showed that the concentrations of CO and CO2and the mass of P.V1 decomposition increased with the increase in the amount of captured PM,whereas the concentration of the NTP active substance(O,)escaping from the DPF decreased under the same working conditions of the NTP injection system.A higher amount of captured PM promoted the oxidative decomposition reaction between NTP and PM and improved the utilization rate of the NTP active substances.The peak temperature at the same measuring point inside the DPF generally increased and the phases of the peak temperature were delayed as the amount of captured PM increased.The temperature peaks and temperature gradients during the DPF regeneration process were far lower than llie failure limit value,which indicates that NTP regeneration technology has good thermal durability and increases the service life of the DPF.

关键词： diesel diesel particulate filter regeneration particulate matter Non-thermal plasma

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plasma pyrolysis and gasification of carambola leaves using non-thermal arc plasma

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第3期2卷 193-207页

作者： Xiaowei Cai Xiange Wei Jiao Wu Jiamin Ding Changming Du School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University TaizhouZhejiangChina

Soil pollution(heavy metals and organic matter)is becoming more and more serious,phytoremediation has rapidly become a highly important method to deal with this problem.Therefore,the treatment and disposal of hyperaccumulators have been a topic of concern.In this paper,carambola leaves are selected as feedstock considering that carambola is a potential hyperaccumulator.A series of tests were performed to discuss 6 main influencing factors on total gas yield and metal fixing using a non-thermal arc plasma setup,to investigate the feasibility of plasma treatment of hyperaccumulator and provide a new method to utilize the harvested hyperaccumulator.The maximum total gas yield reached approximately 85%at an airflow rate of 3 L/min,the processing time of 7 min,discharge power of 29.95 W with the addition of water(water:sample=1:1).A reducing or inert carrier gas or the addition of some specific inorganic additives at optimal conditions were in favor of increasing metal fixing efficiency.However,the effects of these factors usually have two sides,and some factors may have conflicting effects between gas yield and metal fixing,and.It is necessary to optimize these factors for achieving the desired goal.The obtained solid products exhibit the potential to fix metals and act as activated carbon.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma Hyperaccumulator Carambola leaves Pyrolysis Gasification

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Applying chemical engineering concepts to Non-thermal plasma reactors

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plasma Science and Technology 2018年第6期20卷 161-171页

作者： Pedro AFFONSO NOBREGA Alain GAUNAND VANDad ROHANI Fran?ois CAUNEAU Laurent FULCHERI MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityPERSEE-Centre for ProcessesRenewable Energy and Energy Systems MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityCTP-Centre for Thermodynamics of p Processes

Process scale-up remains a considerable challenge for environmental applications of Non-thermal plasmas.Undersanding the impact of reactor hydrodynamics in the performance of the process is a key step to overcome this challenge.In this work,we apply chemical engineering concepts to analyse the impact that different Non-thermal plasma reactor configurations and regimes,such as laminar or plug flow,may have on the reactor performance.We do this in the particular context of the removal of pollutants by Non-thermal plasmas,for which a simplified model is available.We generalise this model to different reactor configurations and,under certain hypotheses,we show that a reactor in the laminar regime may have a behaviour significantly different from one in the plug flow regime,often assumed in the Non-thermal plasma literature.On the other hand,we show that a packed-bed reactor behaves very similarly to one in the plug flow regime.Beyond those results,the reader will find in this work a quick introduction to chemical reaction engineering concepts.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma chemical engineering dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） corona discharge plug flow reactor volatile organic compounds

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Effect of indirect Non-thermal plasma on particle size distribution and composition of diesel engine particles

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plasma Science and Technology 2017年第11期19卷 59-66页

作者：顾林波蔡忆昔施蕴曦王静濮晓宇田晶樊润林 School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People's Republic of China

To explore the effect of the gas source flow rate on the actual diesel exhaust particulate matter（PM）, a test bench for diesel engine exhaust purification was constructed, using indirect nonthermal plasma technology. The effects of different gas source flow rates on the quantity concentration, composition, and apparent activation energy of PM were investigated, using an engine exhaust particle sizer and a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The results show that when the gas source flow rate was large, not only the maximum peak quantity concentrations of particles had a large drop, but also the peak quantity concentrations shifted to smaller particle sizes from 100 nm to 80 nm. When the gas source flow rate was 10L min^-1, the total quantity concentration greatly decreased where the removal rate of particles was 79.2%, and the variation of the different mode particle proportion was obvious. Non-thermal plasma（NTP） improved the oxidation ability of volatile matter as well as that of solid carbon. However, the NTP gas source rate had little effects on oxidation activity of volatile matter, while it strongly influenced the oxidation activity of solid carbon. Considering the quantity concentration and oxidation activity of particles, a gas source flow rate of 10L min^-1 was more appropriate for the purification of particles.

关键词： diesel engine particulate matter Non-thermal plasma gas source flow rate

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