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Reservoir volume optimization and performance evaluation of rooftop catchment systems in arid regions: A case study of Birjand, Iran

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 125-133页

作者： Zinat Komeh Hadi Memarian Seyed Mohammad Tajbakhsh Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand Birjand 97175 Iran

This study evaluated the performance of rooftop catchment systems in securing non-potable water supply in Birjand, located in an arid area in southeastern Iran. The rooftop catchment systems at seven study sites of different residential buildings were simulated for dry, normal, and wet water years, using 31-year rainfall records. The trial and error approach and mass diagram method were employed to optimize the volume of reservoirs in five different operation scenarios. Results showed that, during the dry water year from 2000 to 2001, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportion of days that could be secured for non-portable water supply was on average computed to be 16.4%-32.6% across all study sites. During the normal water year from 2009 to 2010 and the wet water year from 1995 to 1996, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportions were 20.8%-69.6% and 26.8%-80.3%, respectively. Therefore, a rooftop catchment system showed a high potential to meet a significant portion of non-potable water demand in the Birjand climatic region. Reservoir volume optimization using the mass diagram method produced results consistent with those obtained with the trial and error approach, except at sites #1, #2, and #5. At these sites, the trial and error approach performed better than the mass diagram method due to relatively high water consumption. It is concluded that the rooftop catchment system is applicable under the same climatic conditions as the study area, and it can be used as a drought mitigation strategy as well.

关键词： Mass diagram analysis non-potable water demand Reservoir volume optimization Rooftop catchment Rainwater harvesting

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Analysis of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting in Kabul New City: A Case Study for Family Houses and Educational Facilities

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 155-165页

作者： Obaidullah Rahimi Keisuke Murakami Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan Graduate School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan

The Afghan government has planned the project of Kabul New City (KNC) to cope with the rapid growth of Kabul, an existing capital city. Due to climatic and topographical reasons, it is supposed that KNC suffers from a water scarcity problem. This study investigates the feasibility of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system in KNC to relieve the water scarcity problem. An applicability of the rooftop rainwater harvesting system was discussed for several types of residential houses and schools, using 11 years rainfall data. This study also examined the cost-effectiveness of the system by considering the service life of the system. Furthermore, an optimal size of the rainwater storage tank was discussed based on the balance among harvested rainwater volume, non-potable water demand, and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Kabul New City non-potable Water Cost-Effectiveness

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