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Impact of the non-indigenous shrub species Spartium junceum (Fabaceae) on native vegetation in central Spain

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 132-143页

作者： Rosario G.Gavilán Daniel Sánchez-Mata Mylena Gaudencio Alba Gutiérrez-Girón Beatriz Vilches Departamento de Biología Vegetal II Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad ComplutensePlaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nE-28040 MadridSpain

Aims The introduction of potentially invasive species through ornamental cultivation or for rehabilitation purposes is a serious environmental *** cause damage to biodiversity through loss,increased mortality or‘in situ’selection phenomena in natural *** junceum is a Mediterranean shrub that is not native in most areas of the Iberian Peninsula,although it is extensively grown for the rehabilitation of *** have investigated the effect on the native vegetation of an old ***(Fabaceae)plantation in a conservation area in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula:the Cuenca Alta del Manzanares nature reserve in *** We compared *** stands with the native nanophanerophytic Cistus ladanifer community at different ecosystem properties:soil properties,temporal soil seed bank contents,standing vegetation and net primary production of annual grasslands growing in these *** Findings The results highlighted ***’s ability to become established in the new environment(marginal areas of the nature reserve)and ensure its successful *** is more apparent in northern and eastern exposures where this formation contacts with the core of the best conserved native vegetation in the nature *** under Spartium showed a higher nitrogen content,indicating its capacity-in common with other legumes-to fix N,and conferring an advantage over Cistus,which is *** soil nutrients such as phosphorus,magnesium and calcium and water availability are also higher in Spartium soils than in *** is usually a constraint for N-fixers,but in our study,it is the most significant soil variable in both shrub formations and is important to the success of *** availability is a key factor for Mediterranean vegetation,and particularly in autumn when soils are *** Spartium formation is able to retain water as its growth produces a closer canopy than Cistus,thereby preventing water evaporatio

关键词： Cistus ladanifer community structure old fields invasive species Mediterranean plant communities non-native species soil seed bank shrublands rehabilitation practices

Fine-scale analysis of heavily invaded Italian freshwater fish assemblages

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 500-511页

作者： Annamaria NOCITA Elena TRICARICO Sandro BERTOLINO Natural History Museum Section of Zoology“La Specola”University of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Biology University of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Agriculture Forest and Food SciencesGrugliascoItaly Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinTorinoItaly University of TurinItaly

Inland waters are highly vulnerable to the introduction and spread of non-native species,due to heavy human use of aquatic ecosystems and the natural linkages among streams and *** is particularly noticeable in freshwater fish *** better evaluate how these communities are affected by non-native species introductions,we conducted a fine-scale analysis of the changes in Italian freshwater fish assemblages after species *** this analysis,we collected information on fish species present in 44 *** present Italian freshwater fish fauna is composed of 48 native and 41 established introduced species,while a further 15 introduced species have been reported but are not yet considered *** changes in the fish assemblages mostly took place in the past 2 centuries and have increased recently,with nearly 60%of the species introduced in the past 3 *** number of species introduced per basin ranged from 0 to 35(mean 10.85±7.77 species/basin),and in 10 basins the number of species introduced is now equal to or even higher than the number of native *** the past,introduced species mainly originated from America,but over the past three decades,an increase of introductions from other parts of Europe and Asia has been *** results show that basins already rich in native species tend to become even richer as a consequence of the establishment of introduced *** confirms the trend toward a biotic homogenization of ecosystems even at a local scale,due to an increase in the human-mediated spread of generalist species.

关键词： biological invasions Ichthyofauna Italy non-native species species introductions

Applications of next-generation sequencing to the study of biological invasions

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 488-504页

作者： Marc RIUS Steve BOURNE Harry Guy HORNSBY Mark A. CHAPMAN Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton SO 14 3ZH UK Centre for Biological Sciences Life Sciences Building 85 University of Southampton Southampton SO 17 1B J UK

Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes being expressed） are becoming commonplace. NGS enables the analysis of a vast amount of previously unattainable genetic information. Despite this potential, NGS has yet to be widely imple- mented in genetic studies of biological invasions. The study of the genomic causes and consequences of biological invasions al- lows a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the invasion process. In this review, we present a brief introduction to NGS followed by a synthesis of current research in the genomics and transcriptomics of adaptation and coloniza- tion. We then highlight research opportunities in the field, including：（1） assembling genomes and transcriptomes of non-model organisms, （2） identifying genomic regions and candidate genes underlying evolutionary processes, and （3） studying the adaptive role of gene expression variation. In particular, because introduced species face a broad range of physiological and biotic chal- lenges when colonizing novel and variable environments, transcriptomics will enable the study of gene regulatory pathways that may be responsible for acclimation or adaptation. To conclude, we identify a number of research approaches that will aid our fu- ture understanding of biological invasions

关键词： Exotic species Genomics Genotype-environment interactions Invasive species Invasion genetics Invasion route non-indigenous species non-native species

Experimental culture of non-indigenous Juncus bufonius from King George Island, South Shetland Island, Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第1期26卷 24-29页

作者： Marely Cuba-Díaz Eduardo Fuentes Mauricio Rondanelli-Reyes ángela Machuca Departamento Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal Escuela Ciencias.y Tecnología Universidad de Concepción Campus Los ángeles Juan Antonio Coloma 0201Los ángeles Chile

Juncus bufonius L. （Juncaceae） is recognized by the US Department of Agriculture as a weed or invasive plant. Recently, we reported on 3i bufonius L. var. bufonius associated with the native vascular plants Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis in the environs of the Polish Arctowski Station, King George Island, in the Maritime Antarctica. In this study, we evaluated the developmental stages and morphological characteristics of J. bufonius plants cultivated in controlled conditions beginning with seeds obtained from plants of the Antarctic population. Germination occurred at 3 weeks and the germination percentage was low （22.5%）. The average time between the anthesis and seed formation was 7 weeks, similar to that reported for other species in the Juncaceae. According to data reported in the literature, Antarctic individuals were significantly smaller than their relatives growing in other conditions, except for the number of inflorescences. The morphological characteristics of a species vary according to its distribution and the edaphoclimatic environment where it occur; cosmopolitan plants shuch as J. bufonius also have reduced stature in cold environments. The low percentage germination may have been due to water availability in the plant chamber in which the study was conducted. J. bufonius is intolerant of dry environments, and once it suffers hydric stress its recovery is very low; thus, a moister environment could be beneficial. J. bufonius has become established amongst native vegetation near Arctowski Station and without careful control or eradication; it may have the potential to spread far beyond the site, as has happened with the alien grass Poa annua as human disturbance and climate warming increase.

关键词： Antarctica invasive plants Juncus bufonius (toad rush) non-native species regional warming