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non-random Distribution of Human Orofacial Clefts in Ghana: Gene-Environment Interactions

Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第2期8卷 35-52页

作者： Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Alexander Acheampong Oti Fareed Kow Nanse Arthur Peter Twumasi Pius Agbenorku Gyikua Plange-Rhule Peter Donkor Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental School KNUST Kumasi Ghana Cleft-Craniofacial Clinic Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences KNUST Kumasi Ghana Department of Child Health School of Medical Sciences KNUST Kumasi Ghana

Human orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital anomalies that result from the breakdown of normal mechanisms that regulate the formation of the human face. They could be syndromic or non-syndromic, with a global incidence of 1:700 per live births. Environmental and genetic factors are thought to play various roles in the aetiology of OFCs. This study seeks to establish the diversity, distribution and pattern of inheritance of OFCs as well as environmental and other risk factors associated with OFCs in a Ghanaian population. A family-based, descriptive cross-sectional study that employed an interview-based survey questionnaire was used to obtain information from 467 families with history of OFCs. We employed chi-square statistics to analyse the data and used graphs to interpret the data. All previously reported subphenotypes of OFCs were observed by the present study. Clinically, about 12% of clefts in the study population were syndromic. The most common syndromic forms observed were Pierre Robin Sequence, cleft-with-club foot abnormalities and Van der Woude Syndrome. Only about 5% of clefts in the study cohort were familial. The study also established that lower level of education of parents, poverty, late antenatal care and dietary folate deficiency are major environmental factors associated with clefts in the Ghanaian population. In conclusion, OFCs are non-randomly distributed in Ghana and folate deficiency could likely be a source of genetic mutations and “epimutations” that cause OFCs, since folate is essential for DNA methylation, replication and repair as well as histone modification.

关键词： Orofacial Clefts (OFCs) Folate Deficiency Low Socio-Economic Status non-random Distribution Pattern of Inheritance

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Self-organization of non-random mono-synaptic networks in cultured neurons

Self-organization of non-random mono-synaptic networks in cu...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Xiao-Xing ZHANG Ye-Fei LI Ye RONG Hao YU Hui-Fang LOU Cheng-Yu LI Shu-Min DUAN Lab of Synaptic Development and Plasticity Institute of NeuroscienceShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Lab of Synaptic Development and Plasticity Institute of NeuroscienceMedical School of Zhejiang University

The comprehension and analysis of the complexity of neural networks are fundamental to our understanding of the dynamics and cognitive functions of the *** from cellular level to the whole brain have proved that structural connections in both micro- and macro-scale neural networks are not random but exhibit many complex-network ***,the conditions and mechanisms underlying the development of these non-random structural features,as well as their biological significances,are still not *** answers to these questions could benefit from a direct study of the non-random network features in early-developing neural *** this study,we cultured mice hippocampal neurons in vitro,and investigated non-random structural features in developing neural circuits independent of anatomical brain structures and behavioral *** multi-channel whole cell patch recordings and GAD-GFP transgenic mice whose GABAergic neurons are tagged by fluorescence,we were able to distinguish and detect both glutamatergic and GABAergic mono-synapse,and record *** found that,cultured neurons self-organized into non-random mono-synaptic neural networks that exhibited complex network features which were also found in neural networks in the brain but not in randomly connected *** example,the numbers of certain network motifs,as well as the numbers of neurons with multiple output connections exceeded expectations;synaptic connections clustered in local neuronal subgroups;synaptic weights positively correlated to the numbers of GABA connections in local *** on these findings,we proposed a rule that is capable of explaining the self-organizations of complex neural networks during early development:the probability of synapse formation between a pair of neurons depends on neuron types,and is negatively correlated to the distance between the neurons and positively correlated to the number of outgoing connections already formed on

关键词： neural network cultured neural network self-organize complex network non-random early development

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random FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE IN METALS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第12期37卷 1048-1050页

作者：苏辉陈冷阎振棨 Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast University of Technology Shenyang 110006 PRC Materials Test Centre Northeast University of Technology

In 1975, B. B. Mandelbrot presented the Fractal Geometry through careful observation and comprehensive analysis of many irregular bodies with complicated shapes in nature. Metal fracture is a crack propagation process along a zigzag path, while fractured surfaces are approximately fractal, i. e. 'self-similar'. Recently, fractal analysis in metal fractured surfaces has been widely applied, and the relationships between the fractal dimension of the frac-

关键词： intergranular fracture random fractal non-random fractal fractal dimension

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Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Ternary Systems cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane + Toluene + Sulfolane

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014年第Z1期22卷 1298-1301页

作者：孙晓岩项曙光 The Institute for Process System Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium(LLE) data for three Ternary Systems comprising cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane +toluene + sulfolane were measured at 298.15, 313.15 and 328.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The phase diagrams for the ternary systems were presented. The reliability of the experiment data was tested using the Othmer–Tobias correlation. The LLE data were then correlated with the universal functional activity coefficient for liquid–liquid systems(UNIF-LL) and non-random two liquid using dataset 2(NRTL/2) activity coefficient models to obtain the binary interaction parameters as programmed by the Aspen Plus simulation. The results showed that the experimental data were satisfactorily represented by both the UNIF-LL and the NRTL/2 models as revealed from the very small values of the root mean square error and the absolute deviation in composition.

关键词： Liquid–liquid equilibria Universal functional activity coefficient non-random two liquid

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Entropy Production in a non-Isolated Thermodynamic System Taking into Account Regular Factors of nonrandom Nature

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第3期11卷 343-354页

作者： A. Yu. Khlestkov Yu. A. Khlestkov N. Yu. Lukashina M. Yu. Lukashin P. Yu. Lukashin National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Russia

The work illustrates the impossibility of decreasing entropy in a strictly random thermodynamic process in a non-isolated system using the example of heating a planet by solar radiation flux without and taking into account its rotation around its own axis. That is, the second law of thermodynamics formulated for isolated systems continues to govern such systems. We have shown that in order to achieve a stationary state at lower values of temperature and entropy far from thermodynamic equilibrium at a maximum of temperature and entropy, it is necessary to have regular factors of nonrandom nature, one of which in this example is the rotation of the planet around its own axis. This means that the reason for the appearance of ordered structured objects in non-isolated thermodynamic systems is not the random process itself, but the action of dynamic control mechanisms, such as periodic external influences, nonlinear elements with positive feedback, catalysts for chemical reactions, etc. We present the plots with dependences of temperature and entropy versus time in non-isolated systems with purely random processes and in the presence of a control factor of non-random nature-rotation.

关键词： random Process non-Isolated Systems Entropy Ordered Structures Regular Factors of non-random Nature

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