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Spatiotemporal patterns of non-point source nitrogen loss in an agricultural catchment

Water Science and Engineering 2016年第2期9卷 125-133页

作者： Jian-feng Xu Wei Yin Lei Ai Xiao-kang Xin Zhi-hua Shi College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051 China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences Yangling 712100 China

non-point source nitrogen loss poses a risk to sustainable aquatic ecosystems. However, non-point sources, as well as impaired river segments with high nitrogen concentrations, are difficult to monitor and regulate because of their diffusive nature, budget constraints, and resource deficiencies. For the purpose of catchment management, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach and spatial regression models have been used to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of non-point source nitrogen loss. In this study, a total of 18 sampling sites were selected along the river network in the Hujiashan Catchment. Over the time period of 2008e2012, water samples were collected 116 times at each site and analyzed for non-point source nitrogen loss. The morphometric variables and soil drainage of different land cover types were studied and considered potential factors affecting nitrogen loss. The results revealed that, compared with the approach using the Euclidean distance, the Bayesian maximum entropy approach using the river distance led to an appreciable 10.1% reduction in the estimation error, and more than 53.3% and 44.7% of the river network in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, had a probability of non-point source nitrogen impairment. The proportion of the impaired river segments exhibited an overall decreasing trend in the study catchment from 2008 to 2012, and the reduction in the wet seasons was greater than that in the dry seasons. High nitrogen concentrations were primarily found in the downstream reaches and river segments close to the residential lands. Croplands and residential lands were the dominant factors affecting non-point source nitrogen loss, and explained up to 70.7%of total nitrogen in the dry seasons and 54.7% in the wet seasons. A thorough understanding of the location of impaired river segments and the dominant factors affecting total nitrogen concentration would have considerable importance for catchment management.

关键词： non-point source nitrogen Bayesian maximum entropy River distance Spatial regression Spatiotemporal pattern

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Estimation of non-point source pollution loads with flux method in Danjiangkou Reservoir area,China

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 134-142页

作者： Xiao-kang Xin Wei Yin Ke-feng Li State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission

The estimation of non-point source pollution loads into the Danjiangkou Reservoir is highly significant to environmental protection in the watershed. In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional watershed numerical models, a base flow separation method was established coupled with a digital filtering method and a flux method. The digital filtering method has been used to separate the base flows of the Hanjiang,Tianhe, Duhe, Danjiang, Laoguan, and Qihe rivers. Based on daily discharge, base flow, and pollutant concentration data, the flux method was used to calculate the point source pollution load and non-point source pollution load. The results show that:(1) In the year 2013, the total inflow of the six rivers mentioned above accounted for 95.9% of the total inflow to the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The total pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand(CODMn) and total phosphorus(TP) from the six rivers were 58.20 103 t and 1.863 10~3 t, respectively, and the non-point source pollution loads were 39.82 10~3 t and 1.544 10~3 t, respectively, indicating that the non-point source pollution is a major factor(with a contribution rate of 68.4% for CODMnand 82.9% for TP).(2) The Hanjiang River is the most significant contributor of pollution loads to the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and its CODMnand TP contribution rates reached 79.3% and 83.2%, respectively. The Duhe River took the second place.(3) non-point source pollution mainly occurred in the wet season in 2013, accounting for 80.8% and 90.9% of the total pollution loads of CODMnand TP, respectively. It is concluded that the emphasis of pollution control should be placed on non-point source pollution.

关键词： Danjiangkou Reservoir non-point source pollution Base flow separation Digital filtering method (DFM) Flux method

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Assessing effects of “source-sink” landscape on non-point source pollution based on cell units of a small agricultural catchment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2048-2062页

作者： WANG Jin-liang CHEN Cheng-long NI Jiu-pai XIE De-ti GUO Xi LUO Zhi-jun ZHAO Yue School of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agriculture University Nanchang 330045 China School of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Research Center for Development and Utility of Unique Resources in the Wulingshan Region Yangtze Normal Universityf Fuling 408100 China

Ascertaining the relationship between "source-sink" landscape and non-point source(NPS) pollution is crucial for reducing NPS pollution, however, it is not easy to realize this target on cell unit scale. To reveal the relationships between "sourcesink" landscape and NPS pollution based on cell units of a small catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), the runoff and nutrient yields were simulated first by rainfall events on a cell unit scale based on the Annualized AGricultural non-point Source Pollution Model(AnnAGNPS). Landscape structure and pattern were quantified with "sourcesink" landscape indicators based on cell units including landscape area indices and locationweighted landscape indices. The results showed that:the study case of small Wangjiagou catchment highlighted a good prediction capability of runoff and nutrient export by the AnnAGNPS model. Throughout the catchment, the spatial distribution trends of four location-weighted landscape indices were similar to the trends of simulated total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), which highlighted the importance of spatial arrangement of "source" and "sink" landscape types in a catchment when estimating pollutant loads. Results by Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the location-weighted landscape index provided a more comprehensive account of multiple factors, and can better reflect NPS-related nutrient loss than other landscape indices applied in single-factor analysis. This study provides new findings for applying the "source-sink" landscape indices based on cell units in small catchments to explain the effect of "source-sink" landscape on nutrient export based on cell unit, and helps improve the understanding of the correlation between "source-sink" landscape and NPS pollution.

关键词： Nutrient load non-point source pollution Source sink Landscape index Small catchment

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Linking monitoring and modelling for river basin management:Danish experience with combating nutrient loadings to the aquatic environment from point and non-point sources

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3335-3347页

作者： KRONVANG Brian WINDOLF JФrgen GRANT Ruth ANDERSEN Hans E THODSEN Hans OVESEN Niels B LARSEN SФren E National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus monitoring data point sources non-point sources models Action Plans Danish experience

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New Normal Control of Agricultural non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第2期8卷 63-72页

作者： Xia Tiyuan Chen Zebin Jin Song College of Agriculture Kunming UniversityKunming 650214China Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Characteristic Agriculture Kunming 650214China

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

关键词： The Dianchi Lake basin Agricultural non-point source pollution New normal control Measures China

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Simulation on the Time Progress of the non-point Source Pollution Load in Initial Stage Runoff for Small Watershed

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017年第3期5卷 62-70页

作者： Mingyuan Sun Tiantian Liu Bo Chen Yi Zhang Longxi Han Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing China College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing China

Taking a reservoir in South China as an example, we use rainfall-runoff unit hydrograph method to analyze the time changing process of surface runoff inflow, which generated by typical design rainfall. On the basis of time series data of flow and water quality in control section of the main rivers in Xili Reservoir, we establish mathematical response relation between non-point source pollutants flux, such as flux of COD, flux of NH3-H, in catchment area of control section and runoff. Then we simulate the time dynamic change progress of non-point source pollution load which generate with the initial stage runoff that generated by design rainfall and flow into reservoir. It can provide technical parameters for the design of non-point source which generate from early runoff treatment project.

关键词： Small Watershed Initial Runoff non-point Source Pollution Load Time Change Process

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The non-point source (NFS) information system based on remote sensing and GIS and its preliminary application

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第S1期45卷 71-75,116页

作者： WANG YunpengGuangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

A non-point source information system (NPSIS) has been constructed by use of remote sensing and GIS technology, and a construction method of NPSIS introduced with Shenzhen as an example. With the remote sensing land-using images as an environment unit, the analysis modules based on NPSIS are built through combining the NPS model with NPSIS, and the preliminary NPS calculation and analysis performed.

关键词： remote sensing GIS non-point source NPS information system.

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The Effect of Different Artificial Soil on Urban non-point Source Pollution Reduction in the Artificial Rapid Infiltration System

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第11期6卷 67-76页

作者： Junfeng Wu Langrun Song Qian Feng Jingyang Luo Zhaoxia Xue Academy of Environmental Planning & Design Co. Ltd. Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education Hohai University Nanjing China College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing China

The non-point source pollution posed great risks to the urban water environment which has aroused great concerns. Artificial rapid infiltration systems have been widely used in sewage treatment, which have great environmental and economic values. This study investigated the potential of utilizing artificial rapid infiltration systems on the reduction of urban non-point source pollution. The obtained results showed that the components and composition of artificial soils were vital to the operational performance. The mixture of natural soil, coarse sand and zeolite was ideal for the construction of artificial soils. The permeability coefficient of soils could be improved to 0.166 cm/min at the optimized ratio of 1:1:0.05 (natural soil, coarse sand and zeolite). Also, high removal efficiency for the typical pollutants in rain runoffs (i.e. COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP) could be simultaneous obtained which was above 74% in the artificial rapid infiltration systems. The results demonstrated the effectiveness on the reduction of urban non-point pollution by optimized artificial rapid infiltration system.

关键词： non-point Source Pollution Artificial Rapid Infiltration System Permeability Coefficient Zeolite Pollutants Removal Efficiency

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Advances in History, Current Situation and Control of Agricultural non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第1期8卷 52-58,60页

作者： Xia Tiyuan Chen Zebin Jin Song College of Agriculture Kunming University Kunming 650214 China Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Characteristic Agriculture Kunming 650214 China

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.

关键词： The Dianchi Lake basin Agricultural non-point source pollution Control Measures China

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Discussion on Role of Forest to Control Agricultural non-point Source Pollution in Taihu Lake Basin-Based on Source-Sink Analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2009年第5期1卷 345-350页

作者： Jianfeng ZHANG Jingmin JIANG Zhijian ZHANG Qihua SHAN Guangcai CHEN Ying WANG Yonghui XU Harry WU Aljoy ABARQUEZ 不详

Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.

关键词： non-point Source Pollution Riparian Forest Buffer Zone Source-Sink Taihu Lake

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