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no-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 24-32页

作者： HUANG Min CHEN Jia-na CAO Fang-bo ZOU Ying-bin Norman Uphoff Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops (CICGO) Hunan Agricultural University International Programs-College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IP-CALS) Cornell University

This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to *** yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and *** across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha^(-1) and 20.2 kg t^(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha^(-1) and 20.0 kg t^(-1) under NT,*** were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and *** yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest ***,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N *** is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by *** results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.

关键词： grain yield hybrid rice nitrogen requirements no-tillage transplanting of single seedlings

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Suppression of weeds and weed seeds in the soil by stubbles and no-tillage in an arid maize-winter wheat-common vetch rotation on the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 809-820页

作者： YANG Mei ZHAO Yuxin YANG Huimin SHEN Yuying ZHANG Xiaoyan State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University

Reduced tillage provides ecological and economic benefits to arable land on the Loess Plateau of China, where soil erosion has long been a serious problem and soil water availability is largely restricted. However, high abundances of weeds in reduced tillage systems cause significant yield losses. In this study, we explored the effects of no-tillage and stubble retention on the number and density of weeds and weed seeds in a 12-year maize-winter wheat-common vetch rotation on the Loess Plateau. Four treatments including conventional tillage, no-tillage, conventional tillage＋stubble retention and no-tillage＋stubble retention were designed and applied. We found that no-tillage increased the number of weed species and weed density in most of the crops, while stubble retention decreased weed density in maize and tended to suppress weeds in both no-tillage treatments（no-tillage and no-tillage＋stubble retention）. no-tillage led to an increase in the number of weed species in the weed seedbank and tended to increase seed density during the spring growth of winter wheat, but it decreased seed density during post-vetch fallow. Stubble retention tended to reduce seed density during the spring growth of winter wheat and post-vetch fallow. We concluded that no-tillage can promote weeds in the experimental crop rotation, while stubble retention suppresses weeds in untilled fields. The combined effects of stubble retention and no-tillage on weed suppression varied among the three crops. Based on these results, we recommend stubble retention in untilled legume-crop rotations on the Loess Plateau to improve the control of weeds.

关键词： agricultural conservation practice crop rotation no-tillage rainfed soil soil seedbank stubble retention weed control

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Inter-annual changes in the aggregate-size distribution and associated carbon of soil and their effects on the straw-derived carbon incorporation under long-term no-tillage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2546-2557页

作者： YIN Tao ZHAO Cai-xia YAN Chang-rong DU Zhang-liu HE Wen-qing Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film Minstry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P. R. China College of Plant Protection Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 P.R. China

Converting from conventional tillage to no-tillage influences the soil aggregate-size distribution and thus soil organic carbon （SOC） stabilization. However, the dynamics of soil aggregation and the straw-derived carbon （C） incorporation within aggregate fractions are not well understood. An experiment was established in 2004 to test the effects of two treatments, no-tillage with residue （NT） and conventional tillage without residue （CT）, on the soil aggregate-size distribution and SOC stabilization in a continuous maize （Zea mays L.） cropping system located in the semiarid region of northern China. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm layer in 2008, 2010 and 2015, and were separated into four aggregate-size classes （〉2, 0.25-2, 0.053-0.25, and 〈0.053 mm） by wet-sieving. In each year, NT soil had a higher proportion of macroaggregates （i.e., 〉2 and 0.25-2 mm） and associated SOC concentration compared with CT. Additionally, to compare straw-derived C incorporation within NT and CT aggregate fractions, ^13C-labeled straw was incubated with intact NT and CT soils. After 90 days, the highest proportion of 13C-labeled straw-derived C was observed in the 〉2 mm fraction, and this proportion was lower in NT than that in CT soil. Overall, we conclude that long-term continuous NT increased the proportion of macroaggregates and the C concentration within macroaggregates, and the physical protection provided by NT is beneficial for soil C sequestration in the continuous maize cropping system in semiarid regions of northern China.

关键词： no-tillage aggregate-size distribution aggregate-associated carbon ^13C-labeled straw

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Effect of experimental warming on soil respiration under conventional tillage and no-tillage farmland in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 967-979页

作者： TU Chun LI Fa-dong QIAO Yun-feng ZHU Nong GU Cong-ke ZHAO Xin Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049P.R.China

Understanding the response of soil respiration to global warming in agro-ecosystem is crucial for simulating terrestrial carbon （C） cycle. We conducted an infrared warming experiment under conventional tillage （CT） and no-tillage （NT） farmland for winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in North China Plain （NCP）. Treatments include CT with and without warming （CTW and CTN）, NT with and without warming （NTW and NTN）. The results indicated that warming had no sig- nificant effect on soil moisture in irrigated farmland of NCP （P〉0.05）. The elevated average soil temperature of 1.1-116℃ in crop growing periods could increase annual soil CO2 emission by 10.3% in CT filed （P〉0.05）, but significantly increase it by 12.7% in NT field （P〈0.05）, respectively. The disturbances such as plowing, irrigation and precipitation resulted in the obvious soil CO2 emission peaks, which contributed 36.6-40.8% of annual soil cumulative CO2 emission. Warming would enhance these soil CO2 emission peaks; it might be associated with the warming-induced increase of autotrophic respiration and heterotrophic respiration. Compared with un-warming treatments, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and soil microbial biomass carbon （MBC） in warming treatments were significantly increased by 11.6-23.4 and 12.9-23.6%, respectively, indicating that the positive responses of DOC and MBC to warming in both of two tillage systems. Our study highlights that climate warming may have positive effects on soil C release in NCP in association with response of labile C substrate to warming.

关键词： global warming conventional tillage no-tillage soil respiration dissolved organic carbon soil microbial biomasscarbon

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Effects of residue management and nitrogen fertilizer rates on accumulation of soil residual nitrate and wheat yield under no-tillage system in south-west of Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 116-126页

作者： Majid Roozbeh Majid Rajaie Agricultural Engineering Research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran Soil and Water Research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran

Conservation tillage,residue management and optimizing nitrogen(N)fertilization are important stra-tegies for soil and water conservation and sustainability of agricultural *** order to evaluate the effects of various residue management methods and N fertilizer rates on some soil quality indicators,accumulation of residual soil nitrate,and wheat yield under no till system,a split-plot experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three *** plots were three residue management methods,including retaining(R.M1),removing(R.M2)and shredding(R.M3)of corn *** subplots consisted of four N fertilizer rates,100(N1),150(N2),200(N3),and 250(N4)kg N ha^(-1) from urea *** results showed that soil organic carbon and total N in R.M1 and R.M3 treatments increased at the depth of 0-15 cm as compared to *** maximum accumulation of soil nitrate was observed in R.M1 x N4 and R.M3 x N4 interactions at the soil depth of *** results of this study showed that R.M1 x N3 and R.M3 x N3 interactions had a greater impact on wheat yield than the sole effect of R.M1 or *** to our findings,application of 200 kg N ha^(-1) in combination with R.M1 which had once less tractor passing for mechanical shredding than R.M3,can contribute effectively to improve soil quality indicators,control soil residual nitrate and subsequently produce more wheat grain yield in the south-west of Iran.

关键词： no-tillage Corn residue Total nitrogen Nitrate accumulation Organic carbon

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Differentiation of Soil Fauna Populations in Conventional tillage and no-tillage Red Soil Ecosystems

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Pedosphere 1997年第4期7卷 339-348页

作者： HU FENG LI HUIXIN and WU SHANMEI(Nanjing Agriculturol University, Nanjing 210095 (China)) NanjingAgriculturalUniversity Nanjing210095(China)

In a field experiment, the populations of major soil fauna groups including earthworms, enchytraeids,arthropods and nematodes were examined in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) red soil ecosystems to evaluate their responses to tillage disturbance. Earthworms, macrry and micro-arthropods were stimulated under NT with earthworms showing the highest population increase by four times, while enchytraeids and nematodes favored CT system, predicting certain adaptability of these animals to plow-disturbed soil environment. On the basis of relative response index it was found that soil fauna was more sensitive to tillage than soil resource base (C and N pools) and microflora. The population structure of soil fauna was also affected by tillage treatments. Analysis on nematode trophic groups showed that bacteria-feeding and plant parasitic nematodes were more abundant in CT soil whereas the proportions of fungivores and omnivorepredators increased in NT soil. Possible reasons for the differentiation in both size and structure of the fauna population were discussed and the ecological significance involved in these changes was emphasized.

关键词： conventional tillage no-tillage red soil ecosystems soil fauna

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Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Moisture Under no-tillage for Two Years

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第1期7卷 88-95页

作者： QIN Hong-ling GAO Wang-sheng MA Yue-cun MA Li YIN Chun-mei CHEN Zhe CHEN Chun-lan Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 P.R China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China Soil and Fertilizer Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410125 P.R. China

In order to improve the water use efficiency under conservation tillage, the effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under notillage were studied. An experiment of 40 cm subsoiling in a field kept under no-tillage for 2 years was operated from 2005 to 2006. Based on the data of the soil moisture and crop yield, the physical basis of subsoiling for water conservation and yield increase was analyzed. The results showed that the soil water storage under subsoiling, from the soil surface to a depth of 100 cm was more than that under no-tillage for the growth season. In the 0-100 cm soil depth, the soil moisture in 50-100 cm depth under subsoiling was more compared with no-tillage, which increased when it＇s drought and decreased when it＇s rainy with the increase in soil depth. Compared with no-tillage, subsoiling could reduce the water consumption of oats in the 0-50 cm depth and increase the water consumption in the 50-100 cm depth. Also, subsoiling increased the yield by 18.29% and the water use efficiency by 16.8% in a two-year average. The effects of subsoiling on water conservation and yield increase were affected by precipitation, and a well-proportioned rainfall was better to increase yield and water use efficiency. Meanwhile, subsoiling decreased bulk density, which increased with the available precipitation. Subsoiling under no-tillage is the effective rotation tillage to contain more soil moisture and improve water use efficiency in ecotone of North China.

关键词： no-tillage subsoiling water conservation yield increasing

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Growth Characteristics and Yield of Late-Season Rice under no-tillage and Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching

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Rice science 2010年第2期17卷 141-148页

作者： WANG Dong LI Hui-xin QIN Jiang-tao LI Da-ming Hu Feng College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Nanjing Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

A long-term field experiment （started at 2003） was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China （Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province）. The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation （N-F）, no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching （N-SM）, and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching （N-ZM）. There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment.

关键词： rice no-tillage non-flooded cultivation straw mulching growth characteristics yield

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Characterization of Leaf Photosynthetic Properties for no-tillage Rice

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Rice science 2007年第4期14卷 283-288页

作者： CHEN Song XIA Guo-mian ZHAO Wei-ming WU Fei-bo ZHANG Guo-ping Agronomy Department Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Agricultural Bureau of Xiaoshan Zhejiang Province Xiaoshan 311203 China Agricultural Bureau of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310021 China

A study was conducted to determine the influence of no-tillage cultivation on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments with the treatments, no-tillage and conventional tillage were carried out at three locations （Jiaxing, Hangzhou and Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province, China） for two years （2005 and 2006）. Grain yield was constant in Jiaxing, but slightly higher in Hangzhou and Xiaoshan under no-tillage cultivation than that under conventional cultivation. In comparison with the conventional cultivation, no-tillage cultivation showed less biomass accumulation before heading and higher capacity of matter production during grain filling. A significantly higher leaf net photosynthetic rate was observed for the plants under no-tillage than for those under conventional tillage. The fluorescence parameter （Fv/Fm） in leaf did not show any difference between the two cultivations. The effect of cultivation management on transpiration rate （Tr） and SPAD value of rice leaf was dependent on the location and year.

关键词： photosynthesis leaf rice no-tillage plough yield

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Energy efficiency and soil conservation in conventional,minimum tillage and no-tillage

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第4期2卷 42-49页

作者： Teodor Rusu University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca 3-5Manastur street400372Romania

The objective of this research was to determine the capacity of a soil tillage system in soil conservation,in productivity and in energy *** minimum tillage and no-tillage systems represent good alternatives to the conventional(plough)system of soil tillage,due to their conservation effects on soil and to the good production of crops(Maize,96%-98%of conventional tillage for minimum tillage,and 99.8%of conventional tillage for no till;Soybeans,103%-112%of conventional tillage for minimum tillage and 117%of conventional tillage for no till;Wheat,93%-97%of conventional tillage for minimum tillage and 117%of conventional tillage for no *** choice of the right soil tillage system for crops in rotation help reduce energy consumption,thus for maize:97%-98%energy consumption of conventional tillage when using minimum tillage and 91%when using no-tillage;for soybeans:98%energy consumption of conventional tillage when using minimum tillage and 93 when using no-tillage;for wheat:97%-98%energy consumption of conventional tillage when using minimum tillage and 92%when using *** efficiency is in relation to reductions in energy use,but also might include the efficiency and impact of the tillage system on the cultivated *** all crops in rotation,energy efficiency(energy produced from 1 MJ consumed)was the best in no-tillage-10.44 MJ ha-1 for maize,6.49 MJ ha-1 for soybean,and 5.66 MJ ha-1 for *** analysis of energy-efficiency in agricultural systems includes the energy consumed-energy produced-energy yield comparisons,but must be supplemented by soil energy efficiency,based on the conservative effect of the agricultural *** then will the agricultural system be sustainable,durable in agronomic,economic and ecological *** implementation of minimum and no-tillage soil systems has increased the organic matter content from 2%to 7.6%and water stable aggregate content from 5.6%to 9.6%,at 0-30 cm depth,as compared to the conventional

关键词： no-tillage Minimum tillage Yield Energy efficiency Soil conservation

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