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Evolution of soil and water conservation in rain-fed areas of China

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第1期2卷 78-90页

作者： Li Lingling Zhang Renzhi Luo Zhuzhu Liang Weili Xie Junhong Cai Liqun B.Bellotti Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science Lanzhou Faculty of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Faculty of Resource and Environment Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding071001China Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development University of Western SydneyAustralia

Rain-fed(dryland)farming is an ancient agricultural production system in China.It occurs widely across almost the whole country,especially in the Northwest and North China.The semi-arid Loess Plateau is the most important region of rain-fed farming in China,but unfortunately,soil erosion on the Loess Plateau area is the highest in China,and indeed amongst the highest in the world.This highlights the necessity for developing practices that can reduce soil and water erosion,improve soil water use efficiency,improve crop productivity,and reduce rural poverty in the region.Many techniques of soil and water conservation are being used in rain-fed areas of China,including such systems as mulch,ridge and furrow systems.The Appendix describes a unique system of soil and water conservation,called Shatian.Modern research on conservation tillage(no till),although essential for reducing erosion,increasing crop productivity,and ameliorating poverty,is just beginning in China.Modern conservation tillage research started in the1990s’with support from Australia and other countries.The procedures,however,were modified to be in accord with local conditions and prevailing farmer experiences.With 10 years of experimentation,results show that the most successful conservation practice on the Western Loess Plateau is no till with stubble retention.This technique helps to conserve soil water,increases soil organic carbon,improves soil structure and water infiltration,reduces soil and water erosion,and improves crop productivity and sustainability of rain-fed farming systems.However,its adoption rate remains low due to barriers such as traditional attitude,insufficient rural extension,and so forth.

关键词： Soil and water conservation Rain-fed agriculture Gravel sand mulch Conservation tillage no till Crop residue management Soil carbon

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Modern concepts of soil conservation

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第1期1卷 19-23页

作者： J.Dumanski R.Peiretti 不详 Independent researcher and International Technical Prospection Representative of AAPRESID(Argentinean no till Farmers Association) Belgrano 14342189 Cruz AltaArgentina

Approaches to soil conservation are in constant evolution and improvement.This paper summarizes some of the modern approaches,ranging from no till to conservation agriculture to sustainable land management.These approaches are not separate,but components of a continuum of conservation approaches applicable at different levels and different scales.no tillage is important at the detailed,farm level,while CA and SLM are important at the farming systems and corporate levels.The successes achieved with no till in Argentina(also Brazil,Paraguay,Uruguay,Mexico,Canada,Australia,and others)illustrate how these concepts relate to each other.

关键词： Soil conservation no till Conservation agriculture Sustainable land management Ecosystem goods and services

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