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Geological controls of shale gas accumulation and enrichment mechanism in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation of western Hubei, Middle Yangtze, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第2期15卷 310-331页

作者： Lulu XU Saipeng HUANG Zaoxue LIU Yaru WEN Xianghui ZHOU Yanlin ZHANG Xiongwei LI Deng WANG Fan LUO Cheng CHEN Hubei Geological Survey WuhanHubei 430034China Key Laboratory of Continental shale Accumulation and Development of Ministry of Education Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Coal Reservoir Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center of CBM Development&Utilization School of Energy ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China The Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau Yichang 443000China

The lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation is of crucial importance for shale gas target reservoirs in western Hubei,China;however,little work has been done in this field,and its shale gas accumulation and enrichment mechanism are still unclear.Based on survey wells,outcrop data,and large numbers of tests,the geological conditions of shale gas accumulation were studied;moreover,the factors that influence the gas content were thoroughly discussed.The results show that the Niutitang Formation(Є1n)can be divided into three sections:the first section(Є_(1)n^(1)),the second section(Є_(1)n^(2)),and the third section(Є1n3).TheЄ_(1)n^(2) is the main shale gas reservoir.The deep shelf facies is the main sedimentary facies and can be divided into three main lithofacies:argillaceous siltstone,carbonaceous shale and carbonaceous siliceous rock.The total organic carbon(TOC)content shows gentle growth trends until bottom of theЄ_(1)n^(2) and then decreases rapidly within theЄ_(1)n^(1),and the TOC content mainly ranges from 2%to 4%horizontally.The calcite and dolomite dissolution pores,clay intergranular pores and organic pores are the main pore types and the micropore types are clearly related to the mineral compositions and the TOC content.Vertically,the gas content is mainly affected by the TOC content.Horizontally,wells with high gas contents are distributed only southeast of the Huangling anticline,and the combination of structural styles,fault and fracture development,and the distribution of the regional unconformity boundary between the upper Sinian Dengying formation(Z2d)and theЄ_(1)n^(2) are the three most important factors affecting the gas content.The favorable areas must meet the following conditions:a deep shelf environment,the presence of theЄ_(1)n^(1),wide and gentle folds,far from large normal faults that are more than 5 km,moderate thermal evolution,and greater than 500 m burial depth;this includes the block with the YD2–ZD2 wells,and the block with the Y1 and YD4 wells,which are distributed in the southern portion

关键词： shale gas Niutitang Formation accumulation conditions factors influencing the gas content sedimentary facies

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The influence factors of gas-bearing and geological characteristics of Niutitang Formation shale in the southern margin of Xuefeng Mountain ancient uplift: A case of Well Huangdi 1

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China Geology 2020年第4期3卷 533-544页

作者： Ming-na Ge Ke Chen Xiang-lin Chen Chao Wang Shu-jing Bao Oil and Gas Resources Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China

In order to evaluate the geological characteristics and gas-bearing factors of Niutitang Formation within the Lower Cambrian of northern Guizhou,the Huangping area located at the southern edge of the ancient uplift belt of Xuefeng Mountain was selected as the target area,and Well Huangdi 1 was drilled for the geological survey of shale gas.Through geological background analysis and well logging and laboratory analysis such as organic geochemical test,gas content analysis,isothermal adsorption,and specific surface area experiments on Well Huangdi 1,the results show that the Niutitang Formation is a deep-water shelf,trough-like folds and thrust fault.The thickness of black shale is 119.95 m,of which carbonaceous shale is 89.6 m.The average value of organic carbon content is 3.55%,kerogen vitrinite reflectance value is 2.37% and kerogen type is sapropel-type.The brittle mineral content is 51%(quartz 38%),clay mineral content is 38.3%.The value of porosity and permeability are 0.5%and 0.0014 mD,which the reservoir of the Niutitang Formation belongs to low permeability with characteristics of ultra-low porosity.The gas content is 0.09‒1.31 m^3/t with a high-value area and a second high-value area.By comparing with the geological parameters of adjacent wells in the adjacent area,the accumulation model of“sediment control zone,Ro control zone,structure controlling reservoir”in the study area is proposed.Therefore,deep-water shelf-slope facies,Ro is between high maturity-early stage of overmaturity and well-preserved zones in the Niutitang Formation in this area are favorable direction for the next step of shale gas exploration.

关键词： Shale gas Gas-bearing Well Huangdi 1 Influence factors Niutitang Formation Xuefeng Mountain ancient uplift Oil and gas exploration engineering Lower Cambrian Guizhou Province China

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Reservoir characteristics and controlling factor of shale gas in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, South China

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Petroleum Research 2018年第3期3卷 210-220页

作者： Pengfei Wang Zhenxue Jiang Bo Han Peng Lv Can Jin Kun Zhang Xin Li Tingwei Li Geoscience Documentation Center China Geological SurveyBeijing100083China National Geological Library of China Beijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Unconventional Natural Gas Research Institute China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China School of Energy Resource China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Petroleum Company Shanghai200120China

Large-scale exploration and development of shale gas in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation of South China has been carried out in recent years,but the result is not good,only except some drilling wells in Jingyan-Qianwei area of Sichuan Basin and Yichang of Hubei obtain some commercial gas flows.In order to clarify reasons for failure of shale gas exploration and development in Niutitang Formation around Sichuan Basin and to provide reservoir geological parameters for subsequent efficient exploration and development,taking a case of shale gas reservoirs in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northeast Chongqing around Sichuan Basin,some experimental methods,such as analysis of organic carbon pyrolysis,determination of equivalent vitrinite reflectance,focused ion beam scanning electron microscope(FIB-SEM)and other are adopted in this study.The results show that the average TOC of shale samples in Niutitang Formation in northeast Chongqing is 3.1%,the equivalent vitrinite reflectance ranges from 3.0%to 4.0%,and the degree of thermal evolution reaches the post-matureemetamorphic stage.Due to excessively high degree of the thermal evolution,organic pores in shale samples are not developed in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the study area,instead,micro-nano pores dominated by intergranular pores and intragranular pores are developed in the shale.The degree of the thermal evolution controls the sustaining gas generation of kerogen and retained liquid hydrocarbons in the shale,it also controls the development of organic pores of the shale.The evolution of organic pores and hydrocarbon generation in the shale of Niutitang Formation in northeast Chongqing around Sichuan Basin do not match best with each other,that is,during development period of a large number of organic pores,thermal evolution degree of reservoirs is further enhanced because the strata are not uplifted in time,therefore,the quantity of organic pores is decreased sharply,the shale gas would be escaped due to the absence of organic pores as effecti

关键词： Organic pores TOC Thermal evolution degree Shale Niutitang Formation Lower cambrian South China

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New Re-Os Isotopic Constrains on the formation of the Metalliferous Deposits of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第2期27卷 271-281页

作者： Yong Fu Lin Dong Chao Li Wenjun Qu Haoxiang Pei Wenlang Qiao Bing Shen College of Resource and Environmental Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550012 China Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution MOE School of Earth and Space Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Re-Os lab National Research Center for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Institute of Guizhou Geological Survey Guiyang 550004 China

The Terreneuvian Epoch（541-521 Ma）is also an important period for metallogenesis in South China, as was represented by the widespread occurrences of Ni-Mo polymetallic layers on the antecedent shallow platform margin and the V-enriched black shales in deeper slope-basin settings. In this study, we have measured Re-Os isochron ages of Ni-Mo polymetallic layers（Songlin, Niuchang, Sancha, Chuanpengwan）, V-rich black shales（Bahuang）, and non-metalliferous black shales（Shuidong） in the basal Niutitang Formation in Guizhou and Hunan province, South China. The Ni-Mo polymetallic layers and V-enriched black shales have similar Re-Os isochron ages, suggesting concurrent deposition of these two types of metalliferous ores. This suggestion is consistent with the traditional stratigraphic correlation by using the nodular phosphorite bed directly underlying these metalliferous layers as a stratigraphic marker. Furthermore, the metalliferous ores and non-metalliferous black shales have similar initial ^（187）Os/^（188） Os ratios of 0.8-0.9, arguing for a dominant seawater origin with minor contribution of hydrothermal activity. Furthermore, Re-Os isotopic data also imply that Ni-Mo and V ore might have derived from the same source. We suggest that the spatial distribution of metalliferous ores can be explained by the development of non-sulfidic anoxic-suboxic wedge（NSASW） in the slope-basin and sulfidic wedge in the previous platform margin. Upwelling of deep water first transects the mildly reduced, organic rich NSASW, in which V（V） is reduced to V（IV）, and is preferentially removed from seawater by organometallic complex formation. As a result, V-rich black shale deposits in the slope-basin of Yangtze Platform. Further movement of deep water into the sulfidic platform margin results in Ni-Mo polymetallic layer formation.

关键词： Niutitang Formation South China Ni-Mo polymetallic layer V-rich black shale Re-Osisochron ages.

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Insights into Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Shale on the Yangtze Platform,South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第1期31卷 169-180页

作者： Zixuan Liu Detian Yan Xing Niu Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Sedimentary Basin Research Center Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430074China

Shales from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation of Yangtze Platform have been widely investigated due to its shale gas potential.To better illustrate the pore structure and fractal characteristics of shale,a series of experiments were conducted on outcrop samples from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation on Yangtze Platform,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption.Frenkel-Halsey-Hill(FHH) model was adopted to calculate the fractal dimensions.Furthermore,the relationships between fractal dimensions and pore structure parameters and mineral composition are discussed.FE-SEM observation results show that interparticle pores are most developed in shale,followed by intraparticle pores.This study identified the fractal dimensions D1(ranging from 2.558 0 to 2.710 2) and D2(ranging from 2.541 5 to 2.765 2).The pore structure of the Niutitang Formation shale is primarily controlled by quartz and clay content.Fractal dimensions are able to characterize the pore structure complexity of Niutitang Formation shale because D1 and D2 correlate well with average pore diameter and quartz content.

关键词： Niutitang Formation Yangtze area shale pore structure fractal features

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Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas-bearing characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Well Changye-1 in northwestern Hunan Province

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Petroleum Research 2016年第2期1卷 205-212页

作者： Tuo Lin Shujing Bao Jinchuan Zhang Zhi Zhou Kun Yuan Bo Li Shengyu Yang Oil and Gas Survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074China School of Energy Resources China University of GeoscienceBeijing 100083China China Huadian Engineering Co. Ltd.Beijing 100035China

To evaluate the accumulation conditions and gas-bearing properties of shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation,northwestern Hunan Province,the first shale gas parameter well(Well Changye-1)that takes the Niutitang Formation as the target horizon in the Hunan Province was selected preferably and drilled,cumulatively revealing the thickest dark shale horizon of the Niutitang Formation among the single-well drillings in China,with a true vertical thickness of 674.5m.Through analyzing the core samples in terms of organic geochemistry,rock mineralogy and reservoir properties,the black shale horizons in the Niutitang Formation of Well Changye-1 have high organic carbon content(average 3.9%),moderate maturity(equivalent Ro average 2.6%),high brittle mineral content(quartz content average 50.1%),low clay mineral content(average 32.4%),low porosity(1.7%)and low permeability(1.32×10^(-3)mD),and well-developed meso to micro-pores and fractures,indicating good conditions for shale gas accumulation.Field desorption and laboratory isothermal adsorption measurements on core samples show that Well Changye-1 has good gas-bearing properties,and gas content generally increases with depth.The black shale horizons at the depth of 1100-1250m have an average organic carbon content up to 10.1%,total gas content of 0.5-2.1m^(3)/t and 3.7-6.4m^(3)/t,and this is the most favorable depth for shale gas development,indicating that the Niutitang Formation has good a prospect for shale gas exploration.Due to huge sedimentary thickness,the black shale in the middle-lower part of the Niutitang Formation should be given priority for exploration.

关键词： shale gas gas-bearing properties Niutitang Formation Well Changye-1 northwestern Hunan

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Features of Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Feng Gang second district,Guizhou Province

Features of Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Feng Gang se...

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2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会——专题20：岩石物...

作者： Zhou,guoxian Zhou,chaowei Guizhou Yongtai Energy Shale Gas Development Co. Ltd.

The Feng Gang second distict is upper yangtze region.The shale gas reservoir was Longmaxi formation and Niutitang Formation.According to the geological findings,Niutitang Formation is full regional coverage,and there are outcrops in the northwest corner.2-D seismic interpretation and drilling data shows that its depth is between 1800m-4500 m.Because of its upper stratum lithology is similar to the Mingxinsi formation,preliminary delineation niutitang thickness is between 60-80 m.According to the conclusions core analysis,the niutitang.formation can be divided into two groups.The upper part is dark shale,Argillaceous sedimentary is the major.From cores phosphorus can find a combination of a large block,developed horizontal bedding,small dip.The bottom of black rock shale can see the pyrite layer distribution,the upper is the rare metal layer（Nickel,Molybdenum,Vanadium,etc.）,contact with the upper horizontal.The lower mainly is phosphorus rocks,also there is Carbonate Nodules and Pyrite,This horizons has phosphorus and gray lenses,massive bedding,horizontal bedding and other sedimentary structures.Analysis shows that:This area should be restored to deep water depositional environment,Anoxic sediments black shale deposition weaker hydrodynamic.The lower phosphorus rock section may be stronger coastal sedimentary hydrodynamic.

关键词： Fenggang second distict Niutitang Formation Features Hydrodynamic

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Pb-Pb isotope dating of black shales from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Guizhou Province, South China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第10期 51-56页

作者： CHEN Yongquan, JIANG Shaoyong*, LING Hongfei, FENG Hongzhen, YANG Jinghong and CHEN Jianhua (State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

The Lower Cambrian black shales of the Niutitang Formation and their lateral equivalents occur widely on the Yangtze Platform, South China. In this study, we examine two sections of the Niutitang Formation in Guizhou Province. We employ a stepwise acid leaching technique to obtain Pb isotope compositions of the black shales. At the Zhongnan section, the black shales display large Pb isotope variations, with 206 Pb/ 204 Pb of 20.5396～33.5709, and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb of 15.8407～16.5782. In contrast, Pb isotope data show a relatively limited range in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb (18.2797～18.5972) and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb (15.6813～15.7159) at the Zhijin section. Data for all acid leached black shale samples from the two sections yield a Pb Pb isochron age of 531±24 Ma. This age may represent the sedimentary age of the black shales. The initial Pb isotope composition of the black shales falls near the upper crust evolution curve in a Zartman Pb Pb evolution diagram. Hence, it is likely that the Pb in the black shales may have been derived from an upper continental crustal source.

关键词： Pb Pb isotope dating source of Pb black shales Niutitang Formation Yangtze Platform.

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Characteristics and Sources of Organic Matter from the Early Cambrian niutitang Formtion and Its Preservation Environment in Guizhou

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 933-944页

作者： Hong Wei Qinglai Feng Jianxin Yu Shan Chang State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China

The Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation on the Yangtze Block is a set of high-quality marine source rock.However,hydrocarbon-forming organisms of these organic-rich shales was poorly understood.In this paper,the results of palynofacies analysis and hydrocarbon-forming organism characteristics of the Niutitang Formation from the Yangtze Block are reported for the first time,and the sedimentary environment is discussed in combination with geochemical data.Palynofacies analysis show that the organic matter(OM)of the Niutitang Formation is mainly composed of amorphous organic matter(AOM),with a small amount of structural organic matter(STOM)and palynomorphs(PL).The results of CONISS(stratigraphically constrained incremental sum of squares)cluster analysis show that the PL can be divided into three zones in the ascending order:Leiosphaeridia-Micrhystridiumfungal zone,algal bloom zone and fungal development zone,corresponding to three stages:transgression,high-stand and regression,respectively.The principal component analysis(PCA)shows that the main hydrocarbon-forming organisms include planktonic green microalgae or dinoflagellates that are related to Leiosphaeridia and Microcystidium.Palynofacies analysis and geochemical data show that the Niutitang Formation was deposited under anoxic or dysoxic condition which was favorable to the enrichment of organic matter.

关键词： organic matter palynofacies hydrocarbon-forming organisms sedimentary environment Niutitang Formation Yangtze Block

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Sulfur and Oxygen Isotopes of Sulfate Extracted from Early Cambrian Phosphorite Nodules： Implications for Marine Redox Evolution in the Yangtze Platform

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第2期27卷 170-179页

作者： Wenlang Qiao Xianguo Lang Yongbo Peng Kaiyuan Jiang Wu Chen Kangjun Huang Bing Shen Guizhou Geological Survey Guiyang Guizhou Province 550018 China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution MOE & School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Geology and Geophysics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Phosphorite nodule beds are discovered in the black shale of basal Niutitang Formation throughout the Yangtze Platform in South China, recording an important phosphorite-generation event. Platform-wide phosphorite precipitation requires special oceanographic and geochemical conditions, thus the origin of the niutitang phosphorite nodules may provide valuable information about the ocean chemistry in the Early Cambrian. In this study, we measured sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of sulfate extracted from phosphorite nodules collected from the basal Niutitang Formation. Phosphorite associated sulfate（PAS） is a trace amount of sulfate that incorporates into crystal lattice during phosphorite precipitation, accordingly PAS records the geochemical signals during phosphorite nodule formation. Sulfur isotopic composition of PAS（δ^（34）S_（PAS）） ranges from-1.16‰ to ＋24.48‰（mean=＋8.19‰, n=11）, and oxygen isotopic value（δ^（18）O_（PAS）） varies between-5.3‰ and ＋26.3‰（mean=＋7.0‰, n=8）. Most phosphorite nodules have low δ^（34）SPAS and low δ^（18）O_（PAS） values, suggesting PAS mainly derived from anaerobic oxidation of H_2S within suboxic sediment porewater. We propose that phosphate was delivered to the Yangtze Platform by a series of upwelling events, and was scavenged from seawater with the precipitation of FeOOH. The absorbed phosphate was released into suboxic porewater by the reduction of FeOOH at the oxic-suboxic redox boundary in sediments, and phosphorite nodule precipitated by the reaction of phosphate with Ca^（2＋） diffused from the overlying seawater. The platform-wide deposition of phosphorite nodules in the basal Niutitang Formation implies the bottom water might be suboxic or even oxic, at least sporadically, in Early Cambrian. We speculate that the intensified ocean circulation as evident with frequent occurrences of upwelling events might be the primary reason for the episodic oxidation of the Yangtze Platform in Early Cambrian.

关键词： phosphorite nodules Niutitang Formation phosphorite associated sulfate sulfurisotope oxygen isotope.

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