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Assessment of Nitrates and nitrites in Borehole Water from the Southern and the Northern Region of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第2期14卷 87-105页

作者： Jean Stéphane Claon Kouassi Kouakou Serge Sérikipré Laurent Seka M’Bassidjé Arsène N’Guettia Kossonou Roland Traoré Aïcha Djamanallico Joseph Kouadio Kouakou Luc Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUE) Office National de l’Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&#244te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water from village boreholes by measuring physicochemical parameters such as nitrates, nitrites, and total organic carbon (TOC). Forty-five (45) village pumps from the Southern (Basse Côte) and the Northern (Korhogo) region of Cte d’Ivoire (west Africa) were sampled. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity at 25˚C, and turbidity were determined in situ, while nitrite and nitrate were analyzed according to ISO 10304-1 (2007) standard and total organic carbon (TOC) by NF EN 1484 (1997) standard. The results showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo analyzed are acidic, with an average temperature of 27.51˚C ± 0.16˚C and 29.95˚C ± 0.51˚C respectively for the Basse Côte and Korhogo regions. The borehole waters of the Basse Côtedo not contain nitrites, while those of Korhogo have average nitrite contents of 0.32 mg/l. The average nitrate rate in the waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo are 12.08 ± 2.11 mg/l and 11.03 ± 3.18 mg/l respectively. The average TOC concentration of the waters of the Basse Côte is 1.28 ± 0.32 mg/l and that of Korhogo is 0.56 ± 0.09 mg/L. The study showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo have average temperatures between 27.4˚C and 29.95˚C with a slightly acidic pH value and acceptable salinity. The TOC concentrations obtained at the different sampling points were all below the French standard (2 mg/L) except for certains pumps of the Basse Côte. The water samples from the Basse Côte were devoid of nitrite. On the other hand, those from Korhogo revealed the presence of nitrite. Also, the borehole waters of the regions of the Basse Côte and Korhogo contain relatively high nitrate contents, presumably due to anthropometric activity. Overall, our study on the quality of drinking water showed that the waters analyzed are in compliance with international standards and safe for consumption.

关键词： Drinking Water pH Turbidity TOC Nitrates nitrites Health Effect

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Homemade versus Commercial Jarred Baby Foods with Regard to nitrites and Nitrates Content

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2017年第3期7卷 135-140页

作者： Anna Bona Poznan University of Economics and Business Department of Food Commodity Science Poznan 61-875 Poland

This paper presents results of nitrites and nitrates determination in two types of baby foods： commercial products in jars and their homemade conventional counterparts. nitrites levels in all analyzed samples were below of the detection limit （〈 0.9 mg/kg） of applied spectrophotometric method with Griess reagent. Nitrates contents in commercial products ranged： 9.1-38.1 mg/kg while in homemade baby foods levels between 26.6 mg/kg and 118.8 mg/kg were obtained. All the contents of nitrates were lower than the EU legislation maximum limit （200 mg/kg）. Comparison of each type of commercial product with its homemade counterpart baby food evidenced significant differences （p 〈 0.05） in average nitrates levels in favor of the first type. Apart from determining and comparing the levels of nitrates in the baby food samples also risk assessment for an average 6-months old infant to nitrates exposure was conducted. The estimated nitrates intake with a typical portion of 200g of baby food ranged between 6% and 25.7% of acceptable daily intake for commercial and from 18.0% to 80.3% for homemade ones.

关键词： nitrites nitrates baby food food safety weaning infants.

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Amberlyst-15 as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of N-tert-butylamides via Ritter-type reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2012年第3期23卷 293-296页

作者： Masoud Mokhtary Gholamreza Goodarzi Department of Chemistry Rasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran Department of Chemistry Amol BranchIslamic Azad UniversityAmolIran

Highly efficient method for the preparation of N-tert-butylamides by reaction of nitriles with tert-butylacetate is described using Amberlyst-15 as a recyclable heterogeneous *** amidation of benzonitrile in the prese... 详细信息

关键词： Modified Ritter reaction Amberlyst-15 nitrites tert-Butylacetate N-tert-Butylamides

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Immune strategies of phagoctytic cells stimulated in vitro with live and heat-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes

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BIOCELL 2013年第3期37卷 63-69页

作者： Agustín César MÖHLINGER Virginia Paula SIFFREDI Serenela CHULIBERT Adriana PONESSA Rodolfo David NOTARIO Diana Graciela DLUGOVITZKY Inmunology Section Microbiology DepartmentFaculty of Medical SciencesRosario National UniversityArgentina Microbiology Department Faculty of Medical SciencesRosario National UniversityArgentina

Streptococcus pyogenes(group A Streptococcus)is frequently involved in a wide range of human *** we evaluated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells from healthy subjects for their bactericidal function after stimulation with live and inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes(Streptococcus Group A).Mononuclear cells and Neutrophils were isolated from heparinized blood samples(n=18)using a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and cultured in RPMI 1640 for 18 hours with a suspension of either live or inactivated Streptococcus *** the respiratory burst(flow cytometry)and nitrite,TNF and IL17 production(ELISA)were measured in the cell culture *** increased respiratory burst(expressed as R index)was induced by both live and inactivated ***,increased nitrite,TNF and IL17 concentrations were found in cell culture supernatants in both *** findings may provide some explanation as to the roles played by neutrophils and mononuclear cells in Streptococcus pyogenes immunopathogenicity。

关键词： Respiratory burst nitrites TNFa IL17

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Nitrite-derived nitric oxide by xanthine oxidoreductase protects the liver against ischemia- reperfusion injury

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2005年第3期4卷 350-355页

作者： Department of General Surgery ( Lu P, Wang CY and Chen DD), and Department of Radiology (Liu F), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA ( Yao Z) General Surgery Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China (Tian Y, Zhang JH and Wu YH) Department of General Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China. luliu@***

It was demonstrated that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), during ischemia, catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite (NO_2^-) and this NO_2^--derived NO protects the isolated perfused rat heart against the damaging effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) when conventional nitric oxide synthase (NOS) -dependent NO production is impaired. Liver is one of the organs with the highest XOR concentration. This study was designed to determine whether NO_2^--derived NO by XOR protects liver against I/R injury in vivo. For its minute amounts and active reactivity, NO can not be detected directly in real time in vivo by this time. We have to prove the above hypothesis indirectly. METHODS:Wistar rats were pretreated with saline, NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg intravenously), XOR inhibitor allopurinol (1.5 mg/kg orally), L-NAME +allopurinol and NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (0.6 mg/kg intravenously) respectively (12 animals per group). And then, they were subjected to total liver ischemia for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained for analysis after 3 hours of reperfusion. Survival was also investigated. RESULTS:Allopurinol-treated animals exhibited further increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, but further decreased liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores after I/R compared to saline-treated counterparts (830.5±108.3 U/L, 56.5±11.0 U/mg protein and 1.93±0.47 μmol/g vs. 505.8± 184.2 U/L, 41.5±10.2 U/mg protein and 3.05±0.55 μmol/g respectively, P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). The hepatocyte injury was further exacerbated and the overall survival rate was significantly decreased after I/R in animals given by allopurinol compared to those pretreated by saline (P<0.05). L-NAME and allopurinol co-treated animals exhibited more severe liver injury (P<0.05 and P<0.01) and a further decreased overall survival rate (P<0.05) compared to L-NAME or allopurinol alone-trea

关键词： nitrites nitric oxide ischemia-reperfusion injury

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Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4296-4303页

作者： Paula Jakszyn Carlos Alberto González Unit of Nutrition Environment and CancerDepartment of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry. Institut Català d' Oncologia(ICO-IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (08907)BarcelonaSpain

AIM： To study the association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and gastric cancer （GC）, between meat and processed meat intake, GC and oesophageal cancer （OC）, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. METHODS： In this article we reviewed all the published cohort and case-control studies from 1985-2005, and analyzed the relationship between nitrosamine and nitrite intake and the most important related food intake （meat and processed meat, preserved vegetables and fish, smoked foods and beer drinking） and GC or OC risk. Sixty-one studies, 11 cohorts and 50 case-control studies were included. RESULTS： Evidence from case-control studies supported an association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake with GC but evidence was insufficient in relation to OC. A high proportion of case-control studies found a positive association with meat intake for both tumours （11 of 16 studies on GC and 11 of 18 studies on OC）. A relatively large number of case-control studies showed quite consistent results supporting a positive association between processed meat intake and GC and OC risk （10 of 14 studies on GC and 8 of 9 studies on OC）. Almost all the case-control studies found a positive and significant association between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. The evidence regarding OC was more limited. Overall the evidence from cohort studies was insufficient or more inconsistent than that from case-control studies.CONCLUSION： The available evidence supports a positive association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and GC, between meat and processed meat intake and GC and OC, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC, but is not conclusive.

关键词： nitrites N-nitrosodimethylamine Nitrosocompounds Dietary intake Gastric cancer

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Role of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in Northeast India

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 4800-4808页

作者： Manab Deka Moumita Bose Bharati Baruah Purabi Deka Bose Subhash Medhi Sujoy Bose Anjan Saikia Premashish Kar Subhash Medhi Sujoy Bose Department of Biotechnology Gauhati University Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College Medical and Gastroenterology Unit Central Hospital N.F.Railway MaligaonGuwahati-781011India

AIM:To investigate hepatitis virus, genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in predisposing patients to liver diseases in Northeast India. METHODS:A total of 104 jaundice patients and 124 community controls were included. Serological analysis was performed by routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nucleic acid testing for hepatitis viruses was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by PCR direct sequencing for viral genotyping. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphism was studied by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nitrite and volatile nitrosamines in indigenous foods consumed routinely by the Northeast Indian ethnic population were estimated by Griess’s reagent and GC-MS, ***: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was predominantly prevalent (36.5%) in our cohort, followed by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) andhepatitis C virus. HBV genotype D and HEV genotype 1 were the most dominant. CYP2E1 c1/c2 genotype frequency was comparatively higher in alcoholic (P<0.0001,OR =30.5) and cryptogenic (P=0.014, OR=8.714) patients, and was associated with significantly higher hepatitis risk (P=0.0.007,OR=6.489). Mutant C allele of Cyp2E1 DraⅠ frequency was comparatively higher in HAV (P=0.006), alcoholic (P =0.003) and cryptogenic (P=0.014) cases, and was associated with overall hepatitis risk (P=0.026, OR=5.083). Indigenous foods, Gundruk, Kharoli, betel leaf and nuts were found to have the highest nitrite content. CONCLUSION: Apart from viral factors, CYP2E1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of liver diseases in Northeast India. Indigenous foods that contain nitrite and nitrosamine might be an associated risk factor.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Cytochrome P450 2E1 Gene polymorphism nitrites Nitrosamines

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Adrenomedullin in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第10期9卷 2325-2327页

作者： V Tahan E Avsar C Karaca E Uslu F Eren S Aydin H Uzun HO Hamzaoglu F Besisik C Kalayci A Okten N Tozun Gastroenterology Institute Marmara University Gastroenterology Department Medical Faculty Istanbul University Biochemistry Department Cerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbul University

AIM:Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilator peptide. ADM and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in vascular endothelial *** ADM level has been linked to hyperdynamic circulation and arterial vasodilatation in cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH).The role of ADM in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is unknown,plasma ADM levels were studied in patients with NCPH,compensated and decompensated cirrhosis in order to determine its contribution to portal hypertension (PH) in these groups. METHODS:There were 4 groups of *** 1 consisted of 27 patients (F/M:12/15) with NCPH due to portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis (mean age:41±12 years),group 2 consisted of 14 patients (F/M:6/8) with compensated (Child-Pugh A) cirrhosis (mean age:46±4), group 3 consisted of 16 patients (F/M:6/10) with decompensated (Child-Pugh C) cirrhosis (mean age:47±12). Fourteen healthy subjects (F/M:6/8) (mean age:44±8) were used as controls in Group *** level was measured by *** was determined as nitrite/nitrate level by chemoluminescence. RESULTS:ADM level in Group 1 (236±61.4 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in group 2 (108.4±28.3 pg/mL) and group 4 (84.1±31.5 pg/mL) (both P<0.0001) but was lower than that in Group3 (324±93.7 pg/mL) (P=0.002).NO level in group 1 (27±1.4 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that in group 2 (19.8±2.8 μmol/L) and group 4 (16.9±1.6 μmol/L) but was lower than that in Group 3 (39±3.6 μmol/L) (for all three P<0.0001).A strong correlation was observed between ADM and NO levels (r=0.827,P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:Adrenomedullin and NO levels were high in both non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic portal hypertension and were closely correlated,Adrenomedullin and NO levels increased proportionally with the severity of cirrhosis,and were significantly higher than those in patients with NCPH. Portal hypertension plays an important role in the increase of ADM and *** damage in cirrhosis may contribute to the increase in these paramete

关键词： Adult Comparative Study Female Humans Hypertension, Portal Liver Cirrhosis Male Middle Aged Nitrates Nitric Oxide nitrites Peptides Vasodilation

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Hydrochemical Control of Groundwater in an Administrative Area of Mamou

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2014年第1期3卷 49-54页

作者： Mamadou Dian Kante Chuanping Feng Cellou Kante Alfa-Sika Mande Seyf-Laye Baogang Zhang School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 10083 China Department of Water Resources and Energy Institute Technology of Mamou BP63 Guinea

The potability of water wells, drilling and tap water is the determining factor for the quality management of health of the urban and rural population. This study has been done on the basis of monitoring aspect such as pH, content ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and chloride from a physico chemical point of view. This study allowed the chemical and bacteriological analysis of samples, based on the result obtained, and the potability of water was defined. The bacteriological analysis was carried out taking account of the total flora, coliforms and Escherichia coll. This work gave rise to analyze 36 samples of water from wells, eight samples of drilling water and nine samples of water taps from municipalities such as Mamou, Dalaba and Pita. Water wells represent 90% of water supplies in drinking water to the population. In this research, collection of samples was very important. This study shows that 16 samples from 52 are potable, therefore, it is urgent to focus on the treatment of sewage in order to ensure better health for the population from administrative region of Mamou.

关键词： Nitrates nitrites total flora.

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Development and Validation of an Ion Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Seven Food Additives in Cheeses

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2013年第3期3卷 30-37页

作者： Marco Iammarino Aurelia Di Taranto Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata Foggia Italy.

Cheeses are characterized by several chemical-physical properties that make it difficult for the microorganisms growth, consequently. The actual European legislation allows the addition of few food additives in this type of food products. In this work, the entire procedure of extraction, purification, chromatographic separations and quali/quantitative determination of seven food additives (sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates) was developed and applied for the analysis of different types of cheese (mozzarella, cheese spread, semi-hard and hard cheeses). Through validation procedure it was possible to evaluate the most important validation parameters. Extended calibration curves (r > 0.990) were obtained for all the analyzed compounds. Recovery values ranged from 72.8% to 98.4% and a good repeatability was obtained, with precision levels in the range of 0.03% - 0.11% (n = 6). The potential and feasibility of the method were tested by analysing real samples, such as mozzarella, cheese spread, semi-hard and hard cheeses, confirming that the method is well suited to satisfy the demands for accurate confirmation analyses of seven food additives in cheeses, which is especially valuable in official check analyses and in monitoring schemes.

关键词： Dairy Products Cheese Food Additives Food Preservatives nitrites Nitrates Ion Chromatography Validation

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