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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 149-155页

作者： LI Hua LIANG Xinqiang CHEN Yingxu LIAN Yanfeng TIAN Guangming NI Wuzhong College of Environmental and Resource Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Research Academe of Environment and Science of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310007 China

DMPP （3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate） has been used to reduce nitrogen （N） loss from leaching or denitrification and to improve N supply in agricultural land. However, its impact on soil nitrifying organisms and enzyme activities involved in N cycling is largely unknown. Therefore, an on-farm experiment, for two years, has been conducted, to elucidate the effects of DMPP on mineral N （NH4^＋- N and NO3^--N） leaching, nitrifying organisms, and denitrifying enzymes in a rice-oilseed rape cropping system. Three treatments including urea alone （UA）, urea ＋ 1% DMPP （DP）, and no fertilizer （CK）, have been carded out. The results showed that DP enhanced the mean NH4^＋-N concentrations by 19.1%-24.3%, but reduced the mean NO3^--N concentrations by 44.9%-56.6% in the leachate, under a two-year rice-rape rotation, compared to the UA treatment. The population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the activity of nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase in the DP treatment decreased about 24.5%-30.9%, 14.9%-43.5%, and 14.7%-31.6%, respectively, as compared to the UA treatment. However, nitrite oxidizing bacteria and hydroxylamine reductase remained almost unaffected by DMPP. It is proposed that DMPP has the potential to either reduce NO3^--N leaching by inhibiting ammonia oxidization or N losses from denitrification, which is in favor of the N conversations in the rice-oilseed rape cropping system.

关键词： DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) nitrification inhibitor nitrifying organisms nitrogen leaching soil enzymes

N_2O emissions from a cultivated Andisol after application of nitrogen fertilizers with or without nitrification inhibitor under soil moisture regime

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第5期16卷 735-737页

作者： FANXiao-hui HaruoTsuruta InstituteofSoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008China NationalInstituteofAgro-EnvironmentalSciences Kannondai3-1-1Tsukuba305Japan

The aim of this work was to examine the emission of N 2O from soils following addition of nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrification inhibitor(+inh) or without the nitrification inhibitor(-inh) at different soil water regime. Higher soil moisture contents increased the total N 2O emissions in all treatments with total emissions being 7 times larger for the CK and >20 times larger for the fertilizer treatments at 85% WFPS(soil water filled pore space) than at 40% WFPS. The rates of N 2O emissions at 40% WFPS under all treatments were small. The maximum emission rate at 55% WFPS without the nitrification inhibitor(-inh) occurred later (day 11) than those of 70% WFPS (-inh) samples (day 8). The inhibition period was 4—22 d for 55% WFPS and 1—15 d for 70% WFPS comparing the rates of N 2O emissions treated (+inh) with (-inh). The maximum emission rates at 85% WFPS were higher than those at the other levels of soil water content for all treatments. The samples(+inh) released less N 2O than (-inh) samples at the early stage. Nevertheless, N 2O emissions from (+inh) samples lasted longer than in the (-inh) treatment. Changes in mineral N at 55%, 70% and 85% WFPS followed the same pattern. NH + 4-N concentrations decreased while NO - 3-N concentrations increased from the beginning of incubation. NH + 4-N concentrations from 40% WFPS treatment declined more slowly than those of the other three levels of soil water content. nitrification was faster in the (-inh) samples with 100% NH + 4-N nitrified after 22 d(50% WFPS) and 15 d(70% and 85% WFPS). N 2O emissions increased with soil water content. Adding N-fertilizer increased emissions of N 2O. The application of the nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced total N 2O emissions from 30.5%(at 85%WFPS) to 43.6%(at 55% WFPS).

关键词： N 2O emission nitrification inhibitor soil water content upland soil samples

Influences of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate on nitrogen and soil salt-ion leaching

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期20卷 304-308页

作者： YU Qiaogang YE Xuezhu CHEN Yingxu ZHANG Zhijian TIAN Guangming Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China Department of Environmental Engineering Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

An undisturbed heavy clay soil column experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the new nitrification inhibitor, 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP）, on nitrogen and soil salt-ion leaching. Regular urea was selected as the nitrogen source in the soil. The results showed that the cumulative leaching losses of soil nitrate-N under the treatment of urea with DMPP were from 57.5% to 63.3% lower than those of the treatment of urea without DMPP. The use of nitrification inhibitors as nitrate leaching retardants may be a proposal in regulations to prevent groundwater contaminant. However, there were no great difference between urea and urea with DMPP treatments on ammonium-N leaching. Moreover, the soil salt-ion leaching losses of Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, K^＋, and Na^＋ were reduced from 26.6% to 28.8%, 21.3% to 27.8%, 33.3% to 35.5%, and 21.7% to 32.1%, respectively. So, the leaching losses of soil salt-ion were declined for nitrification inhibitor DMPP addition, being beneficial to shallow groundwater protection and growth of crop. These results indicated the possibility of ammonium or ammonium producing compounds using nitrification inhibitor DMPP to control the nitrate and nutrient cation leaching losses, minimizing the risk of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater.

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrification inhibitor nitrate leaching nitrate pollution nitrogen fertilizer

Mitigating N2O and NO Emissions from Direct-Seeded Rice with nitrification inhibitor and Urea Deep Placement

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Rice science 2020年第5期27卷 434-444页

作者： Yam Kanta Gaihre Upendra Singh Wendie DBible Job Fugice Jr Joaquin Sanabria International Fertilizer Development Center Muscle ShoalsAlabama 35662USA

Soil-emitted nitrous oxide(N2O) and nitric oxide(NO) in crop production are harmful nitrogen(N) emissions that may contribute both directly and indirectly to global warming. Application of nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide(DCD), and urea deep placement(UDP), are considered effective approaches to reduce these emissions. This study investigated the effects of DCD and UDP, compared to urea and potassium nitrate, on emissions, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yields under direct-seeded rice. High-frequency measurements of N2O and NO emissions were conducted using the automated closed chamber method throughout the crop-growing season and during the ratoon crop. Both UDP and DCD were effective in reducing N2O emissions by 95% and 73%, respectively. The highest emission factor(1.53% of applied N) was observed in urea, while the lowest was in UDP(0.08%). Emission peaks were mainly associated with fertilization events and appeared within one to two weeks of fertilization. Those emission peaks contributed to 65%–98% of the total seasonal emissions. Residual effects of fertilizer treatments on the N2O emissions from the ratoon crop were not significant;however, the urea treatment contributed 2%, whereas UDP contributed to 44% of the total annual emissions. On the other hand, cumulative NO emissions were not significant in either the rice or ratoon crops. UDP and DCD increased grain yields by 16%–19% and N recovery efficiency by 30%–40% over urea. The results suggested that the use of DCD and UDP could mitigate N2O emissions and increase grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency under direct-seeded rice condition.

关键词： dicyandiamide direct-seeded rice nitric oxide nitrification inhibitor nitrogen use efficiency nitrous oxide urea deep placement

Effectiveness of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate as nitrification inhibitor in Soil as Influenced by inhibitor Concentration,Application Form, and Soil Matric Potential

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 378-385页

作者： G.BARTH S.VON TUCHER U.SCHMIDHALTER Chair of Plant Nutrition Technical University MunichD-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan(Germany)

The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors depends on soil properties and environmental conditions. The nitrification inhibitor 3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） was investigated in a sandy loam and a loamy soil to study its effectiveness as influenced by inhibitor concentration, application form, and soil matric potential. DMPP was applied with concentrations up to 34.6 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil as solution or as ammonium-sulfate/ammonium-nitrate granules formulated with DMPP. DMPP inhibited the oxidation of ammonium in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. When applied as solution, increasing DMPP concentrations up to 7 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil had no influence on the inhibition. The effectiveness of DMPP formulated as fertilizer granules was superior to the liquid application of DMPP and NH4^＋, particularly in the loamy soil. Without DMPP, a decline in soil matric potential down to -600 kPa decreased nitrification in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. DMPP was most effective in the sandy loam particularly under conditions of higher soil moisture, i.e., under conditions favorable for nitrate leaching.

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate DMPP fertilizer granules nitrification inhibitor

Comparison of nitrification inhibitors for mitigating cadmium accumulation in pakchoi and their associated microbial mechanisms

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第9期25卷 773-788页

作者： Wenxin DU Qingyang ZHU Xiangting JING Weijie HU Yao ZHUANG Yijie JIANG Chongwei JIN State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium(Cd)accumulation in ***,the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated,and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains *** address these questions,this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors,namely,dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and nitrapyrin(NP),to *** results showed that both DCD and DMPP(but not NP)could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea-and ammonium-fertilized *** addition,among the three tested nitrification inhibitors,DMPP was the most efficient in decreasing the Cd concentration in *** nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure;the most effective nitrification inhibitor was *** oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification *** in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd *** summary,our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.

关键词： Cadmium(Cd) nitrification inhibitor Soil microbial structure Safe crop production

Response of Nematodes in a Hapli-Udic Argosol to Urea Amended with Urease and nitrification inhibitors

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 428-434页

作者： HUA Jian-Feng JIANG Yong LIANG Wen-Ju Soil Ecology Laboratory Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China）

Effects of urea amended with urease and nitrification inhibitors on soil nematode communities were studied in a Hapli- Udic Argosol （Cambisol, FAO） in Liaoning Province of Northeast China. A completely random design with four treatments, i.e., conventional urea （CU）, slow-release urea amended with a liquid urease inhibitor （SRU1）, SRU1 ＋nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide （SRU2）, and SRU1 ＋ nitrification inhibitor 3,5-dimethylpyrazole （SRU3） and four replicates were applied. Thirty-nine genera of nematodes were identified, with Cephalobus and Aphelenchus being dominant; and in all treatments, the dominant trophic group was bacterivores. In addition, during the growth period of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, soil urease activity was lower in SRUs than in CU. The numbers of total nematodes and bacterivores at wheat heading and ripening stages, and omnivores-predators at ripening stage were higher in SUR3 than in CU, SRU1 and SRU2 （P 〈 0.05）.

关键词： Hapli-Udic Argosol nitrification inhibitor slow-release urea soil nematodes urease inhibitor

Evaluation of a crop rotation with biological inhibition potential to avoid N_(2)O emissions in comparison with synthetic nitrification inhibition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 222-233页

作者： Adrián Bozal-Leorri Mario Corrochano-Monsalve Luis M.Arregui Pedro M.Aparicio-Tejo Carmen González-Murua Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.644E-48080Bilbao 48940Spain Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain(ISFOOD) Public University of NavarrePamplona 31006Spain Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology(IMAB) Public University of NavarrePamplona 31006Spain

Agriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops’low nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)after the application of *** like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)have been adopted to reduce nitrogen ***,cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and benefit the following ***(Sorghum bicolor)could be a good candidate as it is drought tolerant and its culture can reduce nitrogen losses derived from nitrification because it exudates biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs).This work aimed to evaluate the effect of fallow-wheat and sorghum cover crop-wheat rotations on N_(2)O emissions and the grain yield of winter wheat *** addition,the suitability of DMPP addition was also *** use of sorghum as a cover crop might not be a suitable option to mitigate nitrogen losses in the subsequent *** sorghum–wheat rotation was able to reduce 22%the abundance of amoA,it presented an increment of 77%in cumulative N_(2)O emissions compared to fallow–wheat rotation,which was probably related to a greater abundance of heterotrophic-denitrification *** the other hand,the application of DMPP avoided the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintained the N_(2)O emissions at the levels of unfertilized-soils in both *** a conclusion,the use of DMPP would be recommendable regardless of the rotation since it maintains NH_(4)^(+)in the soil for longer and mitigates the impact of the crop residues on nitrogen soil dynamics.

关键词： Fallow Sorghum Crop rotation nitrification inhibitor N-cycling genes Soil mineral nitrogen

Yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen-fertilized croplands in China: A meta-analysis of contrasting mitigation scenarios

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 231-242页

作者： Garba ALIYU Jiafa LUO Hong J.DI Deyan LIU Junji YUAN Zengming CHEN Tiehu HE Weixin DING State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) AgResearch Limited Ruakura Research CentreHamilton 3240(New Zealand) Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7646(New Zealand)

Nitrogen(N) losses in cropland resulting from the application of synthetic fertilizers decrease crop productivity and exacerbate environmental *** measures, such as reduction in N fertilizer application rates, can have unintentional adverse effects on crop yield. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil N_(2)O emissions from agricultural fields across China under contrasting mitigation scenarios as a novel approach to identify the most effective strategy for the mitigation of emissions of N_(2)O derived from N fertilizer use in China. Current standard agricultural practice was used as a baseline scenario(BS), and 12 potential mitigation scenarios(S1–S12) were derived from the available literature and comprised single and combinations of management scenarios that accounted for crop yield. Mitigation scenarios S6(nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and S11(20% reduction in N application rate plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) in maize, rice, and wheat crops led to an average 56.0% reduction in N_(2)O emissions at the national level, whereas scenario S4(nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) led to yield optimization, with a 14.0% increase for maize and 8.0% increase for rice as compared to the BS. Implementation of these most effective mitigation scenarios(S4, S6, and S11) might help China, as a signatory to the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(Paris Agreement), to achieve a 30% reduction in N_(2)O emissions by 2030.

关键词： crop yield emission factor nitrification inhibitor nitrogen partial factor productivity N_(2)O emission yield-scaled emission

DMPP mitigates N_(2)O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 652-663页

作者： Xi ZHANG Xintong XU Chenyuan WANG Qianqian ZHANG Yubing DONG Zhengqin XIONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceGeorg-August University of GottingenGottingen 37077(Germany) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300(China) Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuai’an 223001(China)

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and nitric oxide(NO),and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)into soils has been documented to effectively reduce ***,the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N_(2)O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture ***,further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application.A laboratory incubation study(28 d)was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP,temperature(15,25,and 35?C),and soil moisture(55% and 80% of water-holding capacity(WHC))on net nitrification rate,N_(2)O and NO productions,and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable *** showed that incubating soil with 1%DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N_(2)O and NO productions,and the reduction percentage of N_(2)O production was higher than that of NO production(69.3%vs.38.2%)regardless of temperature and soil moisture *** increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N_(2)O and NO *** moisture influenced NO production more than N_(2)O production,decreasing with the increased moisture level(80%).The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55%***,the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O production increased with increased temperatures at 80%*** on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling,the mitigation of both N_(2)O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N ***,our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N_(2)O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N concentra

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate environment condition gene abundance nitrification inhibitor nitrite accumulation soil water content