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Diagenetic signatures in the deltaic and fluvial-estuarine Messinian sandstone reservoirs in the nile delta as a tool for high-resolution stratigraphic correlations

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 754-768页

作者： Mahmoud Leila Andrea Moscariello Dustin Sweet Branimir ?egvi? Geology Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Department of Geosciences Texas Tech University

The current study utilizes a range of diagenetic fingerprints to differentiate between sandstone facies deposited in the nile delta before and during the Messinian salinity crisis(MSC), which is normally a challenging task considering the complex bio-and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of Messinian rock units. Subaerial exposure of the pre-MSC(Qawasim deltaic sandstone), during drawdown of the Mediterranean Sea at the time of the MSC, triggered pervasive dissolution of unstable rock fragments, kaolinization of feldspar, and meteoric dolomitization of carbonate. This was followed by mesogenetic calcite cementation and kaolinite transformation into dickite in deeply buried Qawasim sandstone. Comparatively, the Abu Madi estuarine facies, deposited during transgression after drawdown related to the MSC,is characterized by eogenetic iron(Fe)-calcite, glauconite, and pyrite(averages of 14.5%, 6%, and 2%,respectively). This facies transition is marked by abundance of mature glauconite(with potassium oxide(K2O) at about 8%) whose content abates upward from the transgression surface. Moreover, the compositional variability of the Abu Madi sandstone gave rise to multiple diagenetic trajectories that resulted in chlorite formation presumably following smectite and kaolinite. Listed diagenetic variations in the studied Messinian sandstone resulted from a complex interplay between rocks’ compositional,depositional, and burial attributes, ultimately serving as a basis for high-resolution stratigraphic correlation in continental and marginal marine settings with poor biostratigraphic controls.

关键词： Messinian nile delta Diagenesis deltaic sedimentation Fluvial-estuarine Stratigraphic correlation

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Depositional and petrophysical controls on the volumes of hydrocarbons trapped in the Messinian reservoirs, onshore nile delta, Egypt

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Petroleum 2018年第3期4卷 250-267页

作者： Mahmoud Leila Andrea Moscariello Department of Earth Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Department of Geology Mansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt

The Messinian sequence in the nile delta hosts the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs,and is therefore of great importance from the aspect of nonrenewable fuel sources exploration and development *** study presents an investigation for the differential impacts of the depositional and petrophysical attributes on the hydrocarbon volumes trapped in the Messinian *** of the pressure data and pressure gradients revealed hydraulically-connected and homogeneous Messinian reservoir *** amounts of Stock Tank Oil and Gas Initially In Places(STOIPP&GIIP)are typically controlled by the depositional primary attributes(matrix content and grain size)which induce several reservoir *** Lower Messinian Qawasim reservoir is subdivided into two main zones:the distal deltaic(zone 1)prograded into proximal deltaic facies(zone 2).The petrophysical reservoir quality in terms of porosity,permeability and water saturation increases upward from zone 1 to zone *** are largely controlled by the depositional attributes,and therefore zone 2 with a minimum matrix content,coarse-grained sandstones and mega pore spaces(>150 mm)hosts almost 90%of the STOIIP and 100%of the ***,approximately 78%and 65%of the total STOIIP and GIIP,respectively are confined within the coarse-grained delta-plain distributary channels of zone ***,the fluvial sediments(zone 1)of the Upper Messinian Abu Madi Formation host 78%of the GIIP in West Al-Khilala Field and the other 22%is trapped in the overlying zone 2 and is mostly distributed within the sandprone tidal channel and tidal sand bars *** channel width/thickness(W/T)ratio largely controls the STOIIP and GIIP *** and GIIP display a progressive linear increase with increasing the channel *** is likely due to increasing the percentage of the good reservoir quality facies within the geologic model as well as increasing the reservoir connectivity with increasing the channel wi

关键词： Geochemistry Messinian nile delta Qawasim Abu Madi

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Structural Effect on Hydrocarbon Trapping, North Western nile delta, Egypt

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第3期7卷 353-366页

作者： Elhamy A. Tarabees Salah S. Azam Geology Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt Exploration Department Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo Egypt

The present study aims to interpret the available data, that derived from well logs and 2-D seismic reflection data, in the area located northeast onshore nile delta, in order to delineate its structural styles and its relation with the basement inferences and regional tectonic, and also to detect the possible existence of hydrocarbon accumulation at the Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary section. The study area lies between latitudes 30°31' and 31°17'N, and longitudes 30°38' and 31°21'E. Using the available well logs, the average velocity gradients are calculated at El-Wastani, Kafr El Sheikh, Abu Madi, Qawasim and Sidi Salem Formations and velocity contour maps are constructed. The available 2-D seismic sections were interpreted and utilized to construct the isochronous reflection maps to the tops of the fore-mentioned five formations. These maps were converted into depth maps. The depth maps show the predominance of three tectonic trends. The structure contour maps were used to deduce the structural elements affecting the fore-mentioned formations in the area under study. These maps reflect the abundance of the E-W trending faults (sometimes ENE-WSW and in other times WNW-ESE), which characterize the general Mediterranean Sea trend. The second system of structural deformations is trending NE-SW (Syrian arc trend). The third type of faults is the NW-SE trending features (Red Sea faults trend). By integrating the structure contour maps together with the different kinds of maps have been done using different sources of data such as velocity data, the possible locations that can be oil traps for hydrocarbon accumulation have been detected.

关键词： Seismic Interpretation Seismic Reflection Velocity Analysis nile delta Hydrocarbon Accumulation

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Assessment of Policy-Research Interaction on Climate Change Adaptation Action: Inundation by Sea Level Rise in the nile delta

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第10期8卷 314-329页

作者： Mohamed A. Abdrabo Mahmoud A. Hassaan Alexandria Research Center for Adaptation to Climate Change (ARCA) Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Availability of reliable knowledge on future climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation are considered key elements to improving adaptive capacities and developing proper adaptation actions. The nile delta vulnerability to Sea Level Rise (SLR) has been the subject of a relatively significant number of studies in Egypt. The research question that this paper intends to address is “to what extent have the produced scientific knowledge supported climate change adaptation policy making, concerning inundation by SLR in the nile delta”. To address this question, the paper begins with a review of the literature on policy-research interaction, based on which a framework of policy-research interactions is developed. This is followed by examining generated knowledge from research and the role of such knowledge on adaptation strategy development in Egypt. It was found that the research cycle has provided ample knowledge on the nile delta vulnerability to inundation by SLR. Additionally, the bulk of this research work and produced knowledge have been the main source of information for climate change adaptation policymaking. The interaction between research and policymaking interest in the climate change adaptation arena in Egypt confronted several challenges that may have reduced impacts of research on policymaking. These challenges included low interest in the far future, uncertain sea level rise impacts among policymakers and the uncoordinated research and varied estimates of sea level rise impacts provided by the research cycle. Moreover, the lack of proper and effective communication channels between the two cycles may have further hindered possible interaction.

关键词： Policy-Research Interaction Climate Change Sea Level Rise nile delta

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Sea Water Intrusion Modeling in Rashid Area of nile delta (Egypt) via the Inversion of DC Resistivity Data

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American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第2期5卷 147-156页

作者： E. Tarabees G. El-Qady Geology Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt National Research Institute for Astronomy and Geophysics Helwan Egypt

The current research focuses on the detection of sea water intrusion in Rashid area which is located about 75 km east to Alexandria, Egypt. For this purpose, geoelectrical survey was carried out using the Schlumberger Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) to identify freshwater thickness, sea water intrusion and estimate subsurface lithology. Seventeen VES stations were measured with current electrode separation (AB/2) ranging from 1.5 m to 100 m. Then, the VES data was interpreted using 1-D and 2-D inversion schemes of DC resistivity data based on least squares method with smoothness constrains. The inverted resistivity distribution at relatively shallow depth shows an important low resistivity zone that probably reflects salt water alteration zone (northern parts). Depth to the freshwater bearing layer reaches its maximum at the south and decreases towards the north. From quantitative interpretation, invasion of salt water started at depth about 10 m at north in the thickness of freshwater bearing layer ranging from 15 to 25 m, while at depth of about 120 m all the layers were saturated with salt water.

关键词： nile delta Ground Water 2D-Inversion Resistivity Sounding Sea Water Intrusion

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Modeling of climate change impacts on Lake Burullus, coastal lagoon(Egypt)

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第6期36卷 756-769页

作者： A.Shalby M.Elshemy B.A.Zeidan Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Faculty of Engineering Al-Baha University

Coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to climate change, in particular, Sea Level Rise(SLR) due to their shallowness. Lake Burullus provides a variety of socio-economic services as the second largest coastal lagoon in Egypt. Recently, it has experienced significant ecological deterioration. Thus, its ecosystem is fragile in the face of anthropogenic induced changes. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the climate change impacts on characteristics of Lake Burullus. A depth averaged hydro-ecological modeling system, MIKE21, was applied to develop an eco-hydrodynamic model for the lake. The developed model was calibrated and verified for two successive years: July 2011 - June 2012 and July 2012 -J une 2013. The model simulations exhibited good agreement with the measurements during the calibration and verification processes. Six different Regional Climate Models(RCMs) were compared,using six different statistical metrics, to determine the most accurate one for the study area. The required meteorological input, including surface air temperature, precipitation, and evaporation were derived from the selected RCM. The meteorological input was extracted for two different years in the 21century considering one Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs) scenario, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) 5 th Report. Regional SLR projections for the Mediterranean Sea for the selected RCP scenario and the two studied years were obtained. These future climate change estimates were used to modify the validated model of the lake. A sensitivity analysis was applied to assess effect of future climatic conditions and SLR, separately. The results revealed that the lake water depths will increase and it will be warmer and more saline. Significant spatial variability of the studied parameters under climate change forcing is expected. Consequently, climate change is going to restrict the lake’s ability to preserve the present-day species.

关键词： Climate change IPCC Lake Burullus MIKE 21 nile delta Water quality model

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Detection of the Hazards That Threaten Some Coastal Areas, and Ecosystem-Based Solution to Strengthen the Natural Defenses

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 170-184页

作者： Ahmed E. Rakha Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Cairo Egypt

The coastal strip of the nile delta has been vulnerable to environmental hazards. Field surveys, interpretation of Landsat enhanced thematic mapper imageries (ETM), and hydrochemistry analysis of the water samples was used as methods and materials to detect the hazards associated with climate change which threaten some natural protection coastal areas of the central part of the nile delta and assess its magnitude. The invasion of seawaters is the main hazard due to the impacts of global warming phenomena. Elimination of the coastal dunes which act as natural defenses has been accelerating the negative impacts that have been appearing clearly on low-lying lands. Planting that protected areas of the coastal strip are considered the most suitable ecosystem-based and most beneficial solution should be authorized and adopted by the local administration to preserve those areas and adapt to these disasters.

关键词： The Ecosystem-Based Solution Climate Change Sea-Level Rise Coastal Strip Natural Protection nile delta The Adaption Protection

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