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Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two different analysis methods

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 60-64页

作者： M.Anwar H.Khan M.M.Nazmul Hoque S.Shamsul Alam M.J.Ashfold Graham Nickless Dudley E.Shallcross School of Chemistry University of BristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom Department of Geography University of California Berkeley540 McCone HallBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Chemistry Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet-3114Bangladesh

night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites （Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh） over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO〉 03, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 × 10^3-1× 10^6 molecules/cm3 at these four urbap sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant difference between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time 03 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.

关键词： night-time urban National Environmental Technology Center steady state approximation hydrocarbon decay method

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Daily Activities and Sleep Durations of Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Who Were Discharged to Their Homes after Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 318-328页

作者： Yuko Yasuhara Tetsuya Tanioka Rozzano Locsin Waraporn Kongsuwan Beth King Haruo Kobayashi Department of Nursing Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Department of Medical Nursing Faculty of Nursing Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL USA Kyushu University of Health and Welfare Fukuoka Japan

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between daily activities and sleep durations for patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (ePCI) and diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after discharge to their homes. The actigraph data were used to collect data from twenty five patients. The duration of night-time sleep (minutes from the start to end of night-time) and actual night-time sleep duration (total sleep duration excluding wake-up durations of night-time) on the seventh day after discharge were divided into three groups;less than 360, 360 to 480, and more than 480 minutes (short, optimal and long respectively). Subsequently, among the three groups of patients, the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis H-test with multiple comparison procedures using the Scheffé-test in order to compare differences in daytime activity items at seven days after discharge from the hospital. Total daytime nap duration (p p p p night-time sleep and daytime activity did not significantly differ. If actual night-time sleep duration is improved from 360 to 480 minutes, daytime nap could potentially be decreased. Determining objective sleep conditions for patients and treating sleep disorders may improve overall patient health, facilitating appropriate sleep and wake rhythms.

关键词： Actigraphy Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Actual night-time Sleep Duration Daily Activity

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