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Response of lactating cows to supplemental rumen protected methionine and niacin

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Response of lactating cows to supplemental rumen protected m...

Screening of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Selected Nigerian Fermented Foods for Vitamin Production

第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会

作者： W.B.Jia J.G.Li~* Y.X.Gao Q.F.Li Y.F.Cao Department of Animal Science and Technology Agricultural University of HeBei Baoding 071001 China

＜正＞The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing rumen protected methionine and niacin in the basal diet on milk yield,milk composition and blood metabolic parameters in lactating dairy cows.Eight Holstein cows（3.1±1.4 lactation period,23.2±4.2 kg/d milk）were used in a duplicate 4×4 Latin square design with 14-d adaptation and 6-d sampling periods.Diets designed as follows:1) the basal diet,control（C）;2)the basal diet plus RPMet（6 g/d）;3)the basal diet plus niacin（25 g/d）;4)the basal diet plus RPMet（6 g/d ）and niacin（25 g/d）.The basal diet consists of corn silage,brewer’s grain,chopped alfalfa hay,corn meal, soybean meal,cottonseed meal,wheat bran,vitamin and mineral supplements. Cows were individually fed and milked twice daily.During the last 10d of each experimental period,milk yield was recorded daily,milk samples were collected at the last 3d and proportionally mixed daily to analyze milk composition.Blood sample were collected before feeding in the morning and serum was obtained by centrifugation.The results showed that:RPMet supplementation in the diet increased 4% FCM（P＜0.05）and the percentages of milk fat（P＜0.05）and protein （P＜0.05）,but had no effects on the SNF（P＞0.05）and lactose percentage （P＞0.05）.Dietary niacin supplementation increased milk yield（P＜0.05）,4% FCM （P＜0.05）,milk protein percentage（P＜0.05）and lactose percentage（P＜0.05）,but had no influence on milk fat percentage（P＞0.05）and SNF（P＞0.05）.Serum urea nitrogen content（P＜0.01）and serum glucose content（P＜0.05）were significantly decreased with RPMet supplementation in the diet of lactating cows,but the concentrations of NEFA,total cholesterol and triglyceride（P＞0.05）in the serum were not affected.With dietary niacin supplementation ,the contents of NEFA （P＜0.01）and total cholesterol（P＜0.01）in serum were significantly decreased 7.74% and 4.32% separately comparing with the control group.There were no changes of serum urea nitrogen content（P＞0.05）,but serum glucose content tend to increase with dietary niacin supplementa

关键词： lactating cows RPMet niacin milk yield milk composition

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第11期9卷 943-955页

作者： Anayochukwu Chibuike Ngene Chijioke E. Onwuakor John C. Aguiyi Virginia O. Ifeanyi Chinedu Godspower Ohaegbu Chukwuka Peter Okwuchukwu Esther Garos Kim John O. Egbere Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Microbiology College of Natural Sciences Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Abia State Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria

Human vitamin de?ciencies still occur in many countries although most vitamins are present in a variety of foods, mainly because of malnutrition not only as a result of insuf?cient food intake but also because of unbalanced diets;this work screens some Lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian fermented foods for vitamin (thiamine, riboflavin and niacin) production. Five lactic acid bacteria were isolated from selected Nigerian fermented foods (yoghurt, ogi, ogiri, ugba). The isolated lactic acid bacteria were identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. All the isolates were screened for thiamine, riboflavin and niacin production using microbiological assay. Thiamine, riboflavin and niacin produced were quantified. The five lactic acid bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis. The most frequent isolate was Lactobacillus plantarum (100%) followed by Lactobacillus caesi (75%). Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus lactis were the least isolates having (50%) occurrence each. Lactobacillus plantarum produced the highest amount of thiamine (5.8833 μg/100ml) and riboflavin (5.0400 μg/100ml) while Lactobacillus lactis had the least thiamine (5.2267 μg/100ml) and Lactobacillus caesi had the least riboflavin (4.8300 μg/100ml). Lactobacillus casei produced the highest niacin (1.6433 μg/100ml) while Lactobacillus fermentum had the least (1.2900 μg/100ml). This study reveals Lactobacillus plantarum as the most efficient thiamine and riboflavin producer while Lactobacillus casei produced the most niacin.

关键词： Vitamin Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation Thiamin Riboflavin niacin

Content of Genome-Protective Micronutrients in Selected Fresh and Processed Foods in the Australian State of Victoria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 176-183页

作者： Chakra Wijesundera Christine Margetts Peter Roupas Michael Fenech CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences Adelaide BC Australia. CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences Werribee Australia

Maintenance of genome stability by preventing DNA damage is crucially important for counteracting carcinogenesis and age-associated diseases. The levels of niacin, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, β-carotene, retinol, magnesium, calcium, selenium and zinc, which are key micronutrients considered to be important in the prevention of genome damage, were measured in a range of fresh and processed foods available to consumers in the state of Victoria, Australia. Some of the richest dietary sources of the micronutrients, expressed as a percentage of the (Australian) recommended dietary (daily) intake for adults per 100 g of food, were: wheat germ oil (vitamin E, 1400%);oyster (vitamin B12, 2666%);rice bran (niacin, 296% and magnesium, 212%);chicken liver (folate, 354%);beef liver (retinol, 1777%);golden sweet potato (β-carotene);brazil nuts (selenium, 404%);wheat bran (zinc, 575%);skim milk powder (calcium, 116%). The data will be useful for formulating dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake as well as for formulating functional foods enriched in key micronutrients.

关键词： Micronutrients Genome Stability DNA Damage Food Cancer Aging Calcium β-Carotene Folic Acid niacin Retinol Selenium Vitamin B12 Vitamin E Zinc

The Relationship between Impaired Methylnicotinate Response and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第2期4卷 141-146页

作者： Brian M. Ross Iain Glen Northern Ontario School of Medicine Lakehead University Ontario Canada University of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK

MNA response applied methylnicotinate (MNA) results in an arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilatatory response which is diminished in patients with schizophrenia. This observation has been suggested to form the basis of a diagnostic test for the illness although the potential utility of such a procedure is diminished since the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study we sought to discover if reduced MNA response in schizophrenia is related to increased oxidative stress i.e. whether or not the two measures are negatively correlated with each other. MNA response was assessed visually in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls and compared to the extent of oxidative stress in each participant assessed by quantifying the lipid peroxidation product ethane in breath. Serum vitamin E, a lipid soluble antioxidant, concentrations was also assessed. While MNA response was correlated with breath ethane concentrations, the expected relationship between the two measures was not observed. Instead a positive relationship between them suggests that some patients with schizophrenia have impaired fatty acid utilization leading to both diminished lipid peroxidation and cyclo-oygenation. This was not related to vitamin E concentrations, however, suggesting that lipid soluble anti-oxidant availability did not underlie our findings. Our data shed further light on the mechanism of impaired MNA response in schizophrenia and support the notion that this occurs consequent to a change in lipid metabolism.

关键词： Ethane Breath Fatty Acid Schizophrenia niacin

High density lipoprotein and cardiovascular diseases

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World Journal of Cardiology 2013年第7期5卷 210-214页

作者： Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S Elisaf Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S ElisafDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of Ioannina45110 IoanninaGreece

Several epidemiological studies have clearly shown that low plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, it is unclear if there is a causal association between HDL-C concentration and CVD. A recent study published in the Lancet, which performed two Mendelian randomization analyses, showed that increased HDL-C levels were not associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction. These findings, together with the termination of the niacin-based AIM-HIGH trial and the discontinuation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor dalcetrapib, challenge the concept that raising of plasma HDL-C will uniformly translate into reductions in CVD risk. HDL particles exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic properties, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities and cellular cholesterol efflux activity. Furthermore, HDL particles are very heterogeneous in terms of size, structure, composition and metabolism. HDL functionality may be associated more strongly with CVD risk than the traditional HDL-C levels. More research is needed to assess the association of the structure of HDL particle with its functionality and metabolism.

关键词： High density lipoprotein Functionality Structure Cardiovascular risk niacin Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors

Pharmacological effects of lipid-lowering drugs on circulating adipokines

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World Journal of Diabetes 2010年第4期1卷 116-128页

作者： Desiree Wanders Eric P Plaisance Robert L Judd Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling Pennington Biomedical Research Center

The cardioprotective effects of lipid-lowering drugs have been primarily attributed to their effects on blood lipid metabolism.However,emerging evidence indicates that lipid-lowering drugs also modulate the synthesis and secretion of adipose tissue-secreted proteins referred to as adipokines.Adipokines influence energy homeostasis and metabolism and have also been shown to modulate the vascular inflammatory cascade.The purpose of this review will be to examine the reported effects of commonly used lipid-lowering drugs(statins,fibrates,niacin and omega-3-fatty acids) on the circulating concentrations of leptin,adiponectin,tumor necrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) and resistin.Overall,the lipid-lowering drugs reviewed have minimal effects on leptin and resistin concentrations.Conversely,circulating adiponectin concentrations are consistently increased by each lipid-lowering drug reviewed with the greatest effects produced by niacin.Studies that have examined the effects of statins,niacin and omega-3-fatty acids on TNF-α demonstrate that these agents have little effect on circulating TNF-α concentrations.niacin and fibrates appear to lower RBP4 but not resistin concentrations.The results of the available studies suggest that a strong relationship exists between pharmacological reductions in blood lipids and adiponectin that is not obvious for other adipokines reviewed.

关键词： Statins Fibrates niacin Omega-3 fatty acids Adipokines Leptin Adiponectin Cardiovascular disease Hyperlipidemia

Fluorescent Imaging of Cell Membrane Sialoglycoproteins via Metabolic Labeling using Saccharide-Neuroactive Substrate

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Fluorescent Imaging of Cell Membrane Sialoglycoproteins via ...

2020年糖科学青年科技论坛

作者： Jiao Li Mengjun Tang Cheng Li Ying Zhang College of Life Sciences Northwest University

Fluorescent imaging of cell membrane sialoglycoproteins in organisms,especially in the central nervous system（CNS）,is pivotal for function and mechanism elucidating.However,fewer methods could be employed for detection of sialoglycoproteins in CNS.We developed a method for detecting sialoglycoproteins in the brain base on metabolic glycan engineering using a novel saccharide-neuroactive substrate that could pass through the blood-brain barrier.The method was fully evaluated and has been successfully applied to the fluorescent imaging of sialoglycoproteins at live cells,which shows methodological importance for functional elucidating of brain sialoglycoproteins required for brain disease in glycomics.

关键词： Sialoglycoproteins sialic acid imaging fluorescent labeling niacin

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胃溶性烟酸掩味微囊的制备及工艺筛选

胃溶性烟酸掩味微囊的制备及工艺筛选