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How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa new zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research Centre Auckland University of Technology new zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the new zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa new zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction new zealand Participation Volunteers

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Nationalist Trends in the Transformation of new zealand’s Maori Language Policy

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2024年第6期14卷 436-442页

作者： MA Rui-yang Shanghai for Science and Technology ShanghaiChina

Language is an important carrier of human culture and a specific method for communication between humans.It is one of the most important symbols of human identity and flags of dividing group identity.At present,in the modern national state,the government is paying more attention to language policy and being more and more prudent to it.In the process of making and implementing language policy,the government must take into account a range of factors such as the country’s national history,politics,culture,economy,and relations between different social groups.From the mid-nineteenth century,when new zealand became a British colony,until the mid-twentieth century,the Maori people were inspired to defend their rights and respect for themselves by the rise of Maori nationalist ideology and Maori political radicalism in a struggle that lasted more than 100 years.Until 1994,there were more than 800 kohanga reo,early childhood institutions that established Maori language instruction independent of the school system,and the nationalism drives to revitalize the Maori national language was at its peak.The process of revolution on Maori language policies in new zealand reflects a trend of nationalist thoughts from Maori becoming more deep.Exploring the process of change in new zealand’s Maori language policy will help to develop the study of the social history of indigenous peoples during the colonial period and will contribute to the study of the development of colonized countries and regions in the post-colonial period.The change in new zealand’s Maori language policy has provided an important example of the preservation and revitalization of the indigenous languages of the world’s former colonies,which is of great significance for the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity.

关键词： language policy Māori Nationalism new zealand

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Quantitative morphometric analysis of a deep-water channel in the Taranaki Basin, new zealand

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第5期42卷 42-56页

作者： Wei Wu Guangxu Wang Changsong Lin Weiqing Liu Quan Li Zhendong Feng Shuyuan Ning Institute of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China School of Ocean Science China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of Exploration Technology CNOOC International Ltd.Beijing 100028China College of Safety Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China

The morphological changes of deep-water channels have an important influence on the distributions of channel sand reservoirs,so it is important to explore the morphological change process of deep-water channel for the exploration and development of deep-water oil and gas.Based on a typical sinuous Quaternary channel(Channel I)in the Taranaki Basin,new zealand,a variety of seismic interpretation techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize the morphological characteristics of the Channel I,and the relationships between the quantitative parameters and the morphological changes of the Channel I,as well as the controlling factors affecting those morphological changes,were discussed.The results are as follows:(1)in the quantitative analysis,six parameters were selected:the channel depth,width,sinuosity,and aspect ratio(width/depth),the channel swing amplitude(λ)and the channel bend frequency(ω);(2)according to the quantitative morphological parameters of the channel(mainly including three parameters such as channel sinuosity,ωandλ),the Channel I was divided into three types:the low-sinuous channel(LSC),the high-sinuous channel(HSC),the moderate-sinuous channel(MSC).U-shaped channel cross-sections developed in the LSC,V-shaped channel cross-sections developed in the HSC,including inclined-V and symmetric-V cross-sections,and dish-shaped channel cross-sections developed in the MSC;(3)the morphological characteristics of the LSC and MSC were related to their widths and depths,while the morphology of the HSC was greatly affected by the channel width,a change in depth did not affect the HSC morphology;(4)the morphological changes of the Channel I were controlled mainly by the slope gradient,the restricted capacity of the channel and the differential in fluid properties.

关键词： Quaternary deep-water channel geometrical morphology quantitative analysis Taranaki Basin new zealand

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Trauma system in new zealand

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 80-82页

作者： Sunder Balasubramaniam Ian Civil Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore Trauma Services Auckland District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand

new zealand(NZ)is a country that is renowned for its beautiful scenery and numerous activities for leisure.It also has a modern health system that is sometimes called upon to assist neighboring Pacific countries with advanced medical care.In this article,we discuss the different components of the NZ trauma system ranging from prehospital to governance.This may be of interest to practitioners involved in developing or upgrading their country’s trauma systems.

关键词： Health System new zealand Trauma

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Genome-wide association studies of lactation yields of milk, fat, protein and somatic cell score in new zealand dairy goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 937-949页

作者： Megan Scholtens Andrew Jiang Ashley Smith Mathew Littlejohn Klaus Lehnert Russell Snell Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Dorian Garrick Hugh Blair AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding School of AgricultureMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Applied Translational Genetics Group School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Research and Development Livestock Improvement CorporationRuakura RoadHamiltonNew Zealand.

Background: Identifying associations between genetic markers and traits of economic importance will provide practical benefits for the dairy goat industry, enabling genomic prediction of the breeding value of individuals, and facilitating discovery of the underlying genes and mutations. Genome-wide association studies were implemented to detect genetic regions that are significantly associated with effects on lactation yields of milk(MY), fat(FY),protein(PY) and somatic cell score(SCS) in new zealand dairy goats.Methods: A total of 4,840 goats were genotyped with the Caprine 50 K SNP chip(Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA).After quality filtering, 3,732 animals and 41,989 SNPs were analysed assuming an additive linear model. Four GWAS models were performed, a single-SNP additive linear model and three multi-SNP Bayes C models. For the single-SNP GWAS, SNPs were fitted individually as fixed covariates, while the Bayes C models fit all SNPs simultaneously as random effects. A cluster of significant SNPs were used to define a haplotype block whose alleles were fitted as covariates in a Bayesian model. The corresponding diplotypes of the haplotype block were then fit as class variables in another Bayesian model.Results: Across all four traits, a total of 43 genome-wide significant SNPs were detected from the SNP GWAS. At a genome-wide significance level, the single-SNP analysis identified a cluster of variants on chromosome 19 associated with MY, FY, PY, and another cluster on chromosome 29 associated with SCS. Significant SNPs mapped in introns of candidate genes(45%), in intergenic regions(36%), were 0–5 kb upstream or downstream of the closest gene(14%) or were synonymous substitutions(5%). The most significant genomic window was located on chromosome 19 explaining up to 9.6% of the phenotypic variation for MY, 8.1% for FY, 9.1% for PY and 1% for SCS.Conclusions: The quantitative trait loci for yield traits on chromosome 19 confirms reported findings in other dairy goat populations. There is benefit to be gained from u

关键词： Dairy goat GWAS Milk production new zealand QTL

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Progress Toward Implementing the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Policy from Aotearoa new zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 190-205页

作者： Wendy S.A.Saunders Scott Kelly Suzanne Paisley Larissa B.Clarke GNS Science Lower Hutt 5010New Zealand

In 2015, Aotearoa new zealand became a signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(Sendai Framework), the Paris Climate Change Agreement(Paris Agreement), and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Since 2017 Aotearoa new zealand has been undergoing governance reform to realign priorities and to improve the management of natural hazards and climate change. The aim of this article is to provide a review of how Aotearoa new zealand is taking steps to improve consistency of planning across the legislative environment, thereby implementing its commitments to the Sendai Framework, the SDGs, and the Paris Agreement. It provides an overview of the national governance arrangements, with a focus on the key legislative tools;identifies how key terms are defined nationally;and provides an overview of the governance arrangements that contribute to the country’s international obligations. The discussion describes how obligations are applied, and considers two"disruptive and proactive" action examples. Four recommended actions are provided to further implement these international aspirations:(1) take into account these international agreements during the development and implementation of all legislation;(2) build awareness, capability,and capacity within central, regional, and local governments to support implementation;(3) actively evaluate the progress of implementing initiatives designed to reduce vulnerability and strengthen resilience;and(4) ensure that more weight and value are given to indigenous planning documents.

关键词： Disaster risk resilience Living standards framework Natural hazard vulnerability new zealand Sustainable development goals National wellbeing

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Studies on Methane Emissions from Pastoral Farming in new zealand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 365-377页

作者： LI Meng-meng ZHANG Gui-guo SUN Xue-zhao DONG Shu-ting Simone O Hoskin College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Grasslands Research Centre AgResearch LimitedPrivate Bag 11008

The aim of this paper was to give a basic understanding of studies on methane emissions of new zealand, as we know the agriculture of new zealand is pastoral farming, most livestock animals are grazed in pasture, and quantities of methane were released from the digestive tract and animals excreta. In new zealand some 50% greenhouse gases （GHG） sources are attributed to agriculture and one third is methane from livestock enteric formation. For many years, many researchers have been exploiting the techniques and methods to measure the emission of methane of new zealand, further more studing the available options to alleviate the methane emissions. Their pioneering work and successful experiences including the determined methods and mitigation strategies are worth learning for scholars around the world. Some of their approaches were not only suitable for new zealand grazed livestock, but for many other countries, even the animals are intensively bred in pen. The calorimeter/respiration chamber is the most exactly method in present, but it needs expensive equipments and skilled manipulators, so there are still some difficulty in applying this approach extensively in practice. Sulfur hexafluoride （SF6） trace technique is much adopted for grazed livestock evaluating the methane emission, though its veracity was doubted by some researchers, it is still a good option in present for studying the GHG emissions for grazing animals. By measuring the rumen volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration to estimate the methane emission is a relatively simple approach, it is just only a rough evaluation, and it is unsuitable for exact study, but this method may be used in China for extensively raised ruminant. In present China, the ruminants are fed in an extensively managed state, the diversities of roughage and animals varieties caused difficult to exactly estimate the methane emission. So exploiting the available options is much important for constituting the exhaustive emission inventory. This review just maybe a good reference fo

关键词： methane new zealand pastoral fanning

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Research on the multifractal characteristics of the temporal-spatial distribution of earthquakes over new zealand area

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第3期16卷 312-322页

作者：陈时军 David Harte 马丽王丽凤 Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province Ji'nan 250014China Statistics Research Associates Limited WellingtonPO Box 12-649New Zealand Center for Analysis and Prediction China Seismological BureauBeijing 100036China

Using the Hill estimator, general multifractal characteristics of events in the new zealand area have been dis-cussed. Results show that the spatial distribution of shallow events has apparent clustering characteristics, inde-pendent of the threshold magnitude; but for deep events these characteristics are not clear. While the time interval distribution has obvious clustering characteristics both for deep and shallow events, although with a different scal-ing range, the Hill estimates tend to indicate that the time interval distribution has a unifractal rather than a multifractal nature. All above reveal that the seismicity nature for shallow and deep events is apparently different.

关键词： multifractal unifractal shallow events moderate-to-deep events new zealand

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Airborne laser scanning of natural forests in new zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 126-139页

作者： David A. Coomes Daniel Safka James Shepherd Michele Dalponte Robert Holdaway Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street CB2 3EA Cambridge UK Landcare Research Riddet Rd Massey University Palmerston North 4474 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Reserch and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Math via E. Math 138010 San Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy Landcare Research 54 Gerald Street Lincoln 7608 Lincoln New Zealand.

Background： Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools. Airborne laser scanning （ALS） produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset collected over the 8049-km2 Wellington Region of new zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in sheltered east-facing sites. Methods： The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate the influences of wind on forests. Results： Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models （RMSE 35% vs 32%） but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area growth. Conclusion： Simple estimation models based on top-of-

关键词： Forest LiDAR Airborne laser scanning Remote sensing Carbon Climate change Cyclone Wind new zealand LUCAS

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How complex is the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, new zealand?

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Science Bulletin 2017年第5期62卷 309-311页

作者： Xuhua Shi Yu Wang Jing Liu-Zeng Ray Weldon Shengji Wei Teng Wang Kerry Sieh Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological University State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake Administration Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A powerful earthquake of moment magnitude(Mw)7.8occurred in the Kaikoura region,South Island,new zealand,at00:02:56 AM(local time),14 November 2016.According to the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences(GNS)in ... 详细信息

关键词： new zealand South Island How complex is the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake than http

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