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Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第9期14卷 1386-1396页

作者： Xin Lian Wei Song Tian-Mei Si Naomi Zheng Lian Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Shanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032Shanxi ProvinceChina Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8ONCanada Department of Psychopharmacology Peking University Sixth HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Psychiatry Hartford HealthCareSt Vincent’s Medical CenterWestportCT 06088United States

BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different *** pathomechanisms of MH encompass various *** etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of *** the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of *** imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain *** up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is *** To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of *** Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of *** cases were collected and categorized based on their *** t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological *** neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were *** Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were *** average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological *** analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric *** We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH *** the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.

关键词： Pathomechanism Etiological factors Classification Gender difference neuropathway Psychotic musical hallucination and non-psychotic musical hallucination neuropathway Biological and molecular mechanism

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