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Association of Glial Activation and α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson's Disease

Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第3期39卷 479-490页

作者： Rui Wang Haigang Ren Elena Kaznacheyeva Xiaojun Lu Guanghui Wang Center of Translational Medicine First People’s Hospital of TaicangTaicang Afliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215400China Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of SciencesSaint-PetersburgRussia 194064 Department of Neurosurgery First People’s Hospital of TaicangTaicang Afliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215400China

The accumulation of pathological α-synuclein(α-syn)in the central nervous system and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are the neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease(PD).Recently,the findings of prion-like transmission of α-syn pathology have expanded our understanding of the region-specific distribution ofα-syn in PD patients.Accumulating evidence suggests that α-syn aggregates are released from neurons and endocytosed by glial cells,which contributes to the clearance of α-syn.However,the activation of glial cells by α-syn species produces pro-inflammatory factors that decrease the uptake of α-syn aggregates by glial cells and promote the transmission of α-syn between neurons,which promotes the spread of α-syn pathology.In this article,we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of glia and α-syn pathology in PD pathogenesis,highlighting the relationships between glial responses and the spread ofα-syn pathology.

关键词： Parkinson's disease α-synuclein pathology Microglial activation Astrocyte activation neuroinfammation

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miR-34b-3p Inhibition of eIF4E Causes Post-stroke Depression in Adult Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第2期39卷 194-212页

作者： Xiao Ke Manfei Deng Zhuoze Wu Hongyan Yu Dian Yu Hao Li Youming Lu Kai Shu Lei Pei Department of Neurobiology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Pathophysiology Basic Medical SchoolNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637100China Department of Physiology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Neurosurgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Post-stroke depression(PSD)is a serious and common complication of stroke,which seriously afects the rehabilitation of stroke patients.To date,the pathogenesis of PSD is unclear and efective treatments remain unavailable.Here,we established a mouse model of PSD through photothrombosis-induced focal ischemia.By using a combination of brain imaging,transcriptome sequencing,and bioinformatics analysis,we found that the hippocampus of PSD mice had a signifcantly lower metabolic level than other brain regions.RNA sequencing revealed a signifcant reduction of miR34b-3p,which was expressed in hippocampal neurons and inhibited the translation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E).Furthermore,silencing eIF4E inactivated microglia,inhibited neuroinfammation,and abolished the depression-like behaviors in PSD mice.Together,our data demonstrated that insufcient miR34b-3p after stroke cannot inhibit eIF4E translation,which causes PSD by the activation of microglia in the hippocampus.Therefore,miR34b-3p and eIF4E may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PSD.

关键词： Post-stroke depression Hippocampus miRNA Microglia neuroinfammation

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Chemical exposures and suspected impacton Gulf War Veterans

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 577-586页

作者： Rami Elhaj Joseph M.Reynolds Center for Cancer Biology Immunology and InfectionChicago Medical SchoolRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA

Gulf War Illness(GWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War(1990–1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to GWI, including(but not limited to)exposures to chemical agents and a foreign environment(e.g., dust, pollens, insects, and microbes). Moreover, the inherent stress associated with deployment and combat has been associated with GWI. While the etiology of GWI remains uncertain, several studies have provided strong evidence that chemical exposures, especially neurotoxicants,may be underlying factors for the development of GWI. This mini style perspective article will focus on some of the major evidence linking chemical exposures to GWI development and persistence decades after exposure.

关键词： Gulf War Illness(GWI) Sarin neuroinfammation Organophosphate(OP)

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Interactions Between Astrocytes and Oligodendroglia in Myelin Development and Related Brain Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第3期39卷 541-552页

作者： Xuelian Hu Guangdan Yu Xiang Liao Lan Xiao School of Medicine Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Department of Histology and Embryology Chongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Astrocytes(ASTs)and oligodendroglial lineage cells(OLGs)are major macroglial cells in the central nervous system.ASTs communicate with each other through connexin(Cx)and Cx-based network structures,both of which allow for quick transport of nutrients and signals.Moreover,ASTs interact with OLGs through connexin(Cx)-mediated networks to modulate various physiological processes in the brain.In this article,following a brief description of the infrastructural basis of the glial networks and exocrine factors by which ASTs and OLGs may crosstalk,we focus on recapitulating how the interactions between these two types of glial cells modulate myelination,and how the AST-OLG interactions are involved in protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and regulating synaptogenesis and neural activity.Recent studies further suggest that AST-OLG interactions are associated with myelin-related diseases,such as multiple sclerosis.A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying AST-OLG interactions may inspire the development of novel therapeutic strategies for related brain diseases.

关键词： Astrocyte Oligodendroglia Glial network Myelination Synaptogenesis neuroinfammation

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