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neurodevelopmental outcomes of Extremely Premature Infants with Extremely Low and Very Low Birth Weight at Three Years of Age: A Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期13卷 333-346页

作者： Eileen Romer McGrath Mark Borgstrom Elias Adrian Ramirez-Moreno Jennie Jacob Steele Children’s Research Center College of Medicine The University of Arizona Tucson USA University Information Technology Services The University of Arizona Tucson USA Diamond Children’s Banner Medical Center Tucson USA

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify medical conditions impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants at three years of age. Methods: Infants born in Banner Diamond Children’s University Medical Center, receiving services in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit, and attending Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up Clinic were identified. Participants received developmental assessment and follow-up from August 2012 through December 2018. Relevant clinical conditions during initial hospital stay and up to three years of age were obtained by reviewing medical and developmental records. Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Bayley III) was used to evaluate skill development at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 months. Results: Data analysis did not reveal significant p-values;it did demonstrate that some predictor variables impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in cognitive, language and motor skill development. Conclusion: This retrospective study reports significant association between birth weight and low cognitive scores. Correlations were also found between gestational age and Total Language, and the longer an infant stayed in the NICU, the poorer the Total Language Scaled Scores at 8 to 12 months, 15 to 18 months, and 24 to 36 months. Birth weight was found to be the greatest predictor of poor motor scores.

关键词： Extremely Preterm Extremely Low Birth Weight Very Preterm Very Low Birth Weight neurodevelopmental outcomes Early Intervention

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Preterm nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcomes

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World Journal of Methodology 2021年第6期11卷 278-293页

作者： Alyson Margaret Skinner Hassib Narchi Department of Paediatrics Manor HospitalWalsall Healthcare NHS TrustWalsall WS29PSWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain PO Box 17666United Arab Emirates

Survival of preterm infants has been steadily improving in recent years because of many recent advances in perinatal and neonatal *** these advances,the growth of survivors does not reach the ideal target level of the normal fetus of the same gestational *** weight gain is often not achieved because extrauterine growth has higher energy requirements than intrauterine growth,due to the intensive care environment,illness and inadequate *** many other factors influence infant brain development,including family socioeconomic and educational background,the role of nutrition is considerable and fortunately,amenable to *** the preterm neonate,the brain is the most metabolically demanding organ,consuming the largest proportions of energy and nutrient intake for its function and programmed growth and *** gain,linear and head circumference growth are all markers of nutritional status and are independently associated with long-term *** development is not only the result of nutrients intake,but in addition,of the interaction with growth factors which depend on adequate nutrient supply and overall health *** explains why conditions such as sepsis,necrotizing enterocolitis and chronic lung disease alter the distribution and accretion of nutrients thereby suppressing growth factor *** this review,we will focus on the direct role of nutrition on neurodevelopment,emphasizing why it should be started without *** nutritional requirements of the preterm infant will be discussed,followed by the effects of general nutritional interventions and specific nutrients,as well as the role of nutritional supplements on *** primordial role of human breast milk,breast milk fortifiers and human milk oligosaccharides will be discussed in *** will also examine the role of nutrition in preventing neonatal complications which can affect neurodevelopment in their own right.

关键词： Brain Nutrition Preterm infants neurodevelopmental outcomes Newborn Breast milk

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Temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3144-3150页

作者： Holly Flyger Samantha J.Holdsworth Alistair J.Gunn Laura Bennet Hamid Abbasi Mātai Medical Research Institute Tairāwhiti GisborneNew Zealand Department of Anatomy&Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Center for Brain Research The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental *** assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and *** present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic *** review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent *** review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic *** challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical ***,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after *** suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypo

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neurodevelopmental outcomes prognostic biomarkers in neuroimaging scan timing therapeutic hypothermia

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neurodevelopmental in Relation to Breastfeeding–Experiences among Hungarian Preterm Infants at 12 Months of Corrected Age:Empirical Study

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第5期24卷 699-709页

作者： Anna Szabina Szele Beáta Erika Nagy Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicinePediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic UnitKálmán Laki Doctoral SchoolUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen4032Hungary Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicinePediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic UnitUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen4032Hungary

Preterm and low birth weight infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes;breastfeeding offers sev-eral beneﬁcial aspects for *** study aimed to describe the average neurodevelopmental outcomes of pre-term infants and examine the associations between neurodevelopment and breastfeeding among Hungarian preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.154 preterm infants with low birth weight(neurodevelopmental per-formance identiﬁed signiﬁcantly higher cognitive(U=2047.5;P=0.023)andﬁne motor(U=2096.0;P=0.037)skills in infants who were *** found signiﬁcant positive correlations between the duration of breastfeeding and cognitive,expressive language andﬁne motor *** study draws the attention to the importance of breastfeeding and early *** research is required to examine the casual relationship between neurodevelopmental outcomes and breastfeeding.

关键词： Preterm infants low birth weight breastfeeding duration of breastfeeding neurodevelopmental outcomes

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Psychotropic drug abuse in pregnancy and its impact on child neurodevelopment:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Afshar Etemadi-Aleagha Maryam Akhgari Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine OrganizationTehran ***Iran

Substance abuse by women of child-bearing age and fetal in utero drug exposure has increased in the number of infants born with health *** exposure to psychoactive substances can lead to neurological and neurodevelopmental deficits later in *** data concerning the effects of psychoactive drugs on fetal neurodevelopmental status are *** the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatally drug-exposed children has become a pressing global *** aim of this review is to gather current evidence and information on neurodevelopmental outcomes of in utero drug exposure.A literature search was performed on the PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases using the terms“psychotropic drugs”,“neurodevelopmental consequences”,“prenatal drug exposure”,and“pregnancy”.Available studies on in utero drug exposure were reviewed and found to support the idea that some degree of health issues are present in fetuses and *** psychoactive substances have profound neurodevelopmental consequences,such as structural brain changes,poor attention span,Down syndrome,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism spectrum disorder,imbalances in neurotransmitter levels,and many structural *** pervasive use of psychoactive drugs in women of child-bearing age is an important health *** scientific efforts are needed to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to psychoactive drugs on children.

关键词： Psychotropic drugs Pregnancy Prenatal substance exposure Brain neurodevelopmental outcomes Fetus

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