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Natural nest substrates influence squamate embryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 550-566页

作者： Joshua M.HALL Jocelyn MIRACLE Cindy D.SCRUGGS Daniel A.WARNER Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Vertebrate embryos require access to water;however,many species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably in moisture content.Oviparous,non-avian reptiles have served as models to understand how environmental factors,like moisture availability,influence development because eggs are often exposed to prevailing environments in the absence of parental care.Though much research demonstrates the importance of water absorption by eggs,many ecological factors that influence moisture availability in natural nests have received little attention.For example,the type of substrate in which nests are constructed is understudied.We experimentally incubated eggs of the brown anole lizard(Anolis sagrei)in 2 naturally occurring nest substrates that were treated with varying amounts of water to determine how natural substrates influence development at different moisture concentrations.One substrate consisted of sand and crushed seashells and the other was mostly organic material(i.***.decayed plant material).Both are common nesting substrates at our field site.When controlling for water uptake by eggs,we found that egg survival and hatchling phenotypes were similar between substrates;however,embryos developed more quickly in the sand/shell substrate than the organic substrate,indicating substrate-specific effects on embryo physiology.These results demonstrate that different natural substrates can result in similar developmental outcomes if the water available to eggs is comparable;however,some aspects of development,like developmental rate,are affected by the type of substrate,independent of water availability.Further study is required to determine how natural substrates influence embryo physiology independent of water content.

关键词： developmental plasticity egg incubation hydric conditions nesting behavior nest-site selection

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Vinous-throated parrotbills breed in invasive smooth cordgrass habitat:Can native birds avoid the potential ecological trap?

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 369-376页

作者： Pan Chen Yanhong Chen Huimin Chen Taiyu Chen Bin Liu Manyu Zhang Silu Wang Changhu Lu Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241000China College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China

Native animals are facing long-term coexistence with invasive plants worldwide,the impacts of which on animal behavior remain poorly known.Potential ecological traps could threaten native birds breeding in invasive plant habitats,but behavioral strategies for birds to avoid such risks are few concerned.The invasion of Smooth Cordgrass(Spartina alterniflra) has seriously varied the vegetation landscape in the coastal wetlands of eastern China,and affected the habitat selection of native birds.Here,we investigated the nesting and breeding characteristics of a common native passerine,the Vinous-throated Parrotbill(Sinosuthora webbiana),in habitats dominated by native Common Reed(Phragmites australis) and exotic cordgrass.We found that parrotbills could complete their breeding cycle in cordgrass habitat.Most nest failure was attributed to predation in native habitat but tide inundation in cordgrass habitat.However,the nest success rate and daily survival rate(DSR) in cordgrass habitat were higher.Moreover,nest height was markedly higher in cordgrass habitat and was the most important influencing variable(positively correlated with the DSR).These results suggest that cordgrass habitat is a potential ecological trap due to the tide inundation,but some parrotbills seem to effectively avoid this risk by increasing nest height.Our study reveals that a native passerine changes its nesting behavior to accommodate invasive plant habitat and highlights that habitat changes caused by invasive plants may drive the adaptive evolution of native animal behavior.The limitation of these results must be acknowledged for the small sample size,and there is a need for a larger sample and long-term data for further verification.

关键词： Adaptive evolution behavioral plasticity nesting behavior Sinosuthora webbiana Spartina alterniflora

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Extreme developmental temperatures result in morphological abnormalities in painted turtles(Chrysemys picta):a climate change perspective

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 197-208页

作者： Rory S.TELEMECO Daniel A.WARNER Molly K.REIDA Fredric J.JANZEN Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA

Increases in extreme environmental events are predicted to be major results of ongoing global climate change and may impact the persistence of species.We examined the effects of heat and cold waves during embryonic development of painted turtles(Chrysemys picta)in natural nests on the occurrence of abnormal shell morphologies in hatchlings.We found that nests exposed to extreme hot temperatures for>60 h produced more hatchlings with abnormalities than nests exposed to extreme hot temperatures for shorter periods,regardless of whether or not nesting females displayed abnormal morphologies.We observed no effect of extreme cold nest temperatures on the occurrence of hatchlings with abnormalities.Moreover,the frequency of nesting females with abnormal shell morphologies was approximately 2-fold lower than that of their offspring,suggesting that such abnormalities are negatively correlated with survival and fitness.Female turtles could potentially buffer their offspring from extreme heat by altering aspects of nesting behavior,such as choosing shadier nesting sites.We addressed this hypothesis by examining the effects of shade cover on extreme nest temperatures and the occurrence of hatchling abnormalities.While shade cover was negatively correlated with the occurrence of extreme hot nest temperatures,it was not significantly correlated with abnormalities.Therefore,female choice of shade cover does not appear to be a viable target for selection to reduce hatchling abnormalities.Our results suggest that increases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves associated with climate change might perturb developmental programs and thereby reduce the fitness of entire cohorts of turtles.

关键词： anomaly fundamental niche incubation nesting behavior scute deformity

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