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nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant in southwestern Sichuan Province,China

Frontiers in Biology 2006年第1期1卷 66-70页

作者： Wang Nan Jia Fei Zheng Guangmei Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Natural Reserve Beijing Forest UniversityBeijing 100083China

From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,*** this paper,we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the *** sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared ***-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the ***-samples t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds’nest-site selection.A total of 13 nests were *** shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites(84.62%).nests under a rock wall(7.69%)and a fallen tree(7.69%)were also *** average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33±0.54(range,5–11;n=12).Laying period was between April 27 and May *** the Zhujie area,1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak *** species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat(χ^(2)=8.333,df=1,Pnest in sites with a high coverage,i.e.0.5,1,and 2 m above the ground(independent-samples t test,Psites with plant cover,shrub cover(independentsamples t test,P<0.05),and shrub height(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05)in a relatively small range.

关键词： White Eared pheasant Crossoptilon crossoptilon nest-site selection clutch size breeding

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nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success of the Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis), a vulnerable babbler endemic to southwestern China

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Chinese Birds 2016年第3期7卷 161-166页

作者： Yiqiang Fu Benping Chen Simon D.Dowell Zhengwang Zhang Sichuan Institute Key Laboratory for Protecting Endangered Birds in the Southwest Mountains College of Life Sciences Leshan Normal University Laojunshan National Nature Reserve Administration North of England Zoological Society Chester Zoo Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University

Background: The Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis) is a globally vulnerable babbler, endemic to southwestern China. We investigated its nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success at the Laojunshan National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China in order to identify the precise nesting-habitat requirements of the species, and to test whether the nest-site-selection cues, preferred by the Emei Shan Liocichla, are positively associated with nest ***: We used infrared cameras to determine nest predators. We compared the microhabitat attributes between nest and random sites, as well as successful and failed nests. We used Binary Logistic Regression to determine the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of the Emei Shan Liocichla. We used the nest survival analysis in Program MARK to estimate daily nest survival rates(DSR). nest success was calculated using the Mayfield ***: In total 56 nests were found. The DSR for all nests that contained at least one egg was 0.9564 ± 0.0091(95 % CI 0.9346–0.9711)(n = 40), while the total nest success was 27.5 %. We identified four categories of predators in 10 nest predation events, i.e. squirrels(n = 5), snakes(n = 3), raptors(n = 1) and wasps(n = 1). We found that:(1) nest predation was the primary reason for nest failure of the Emei Shan Liocichla,(2) tree cover, bamboo cover, liana abundance and distance to forest edge or gap were the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of this species, and(3) the nest-site-selection variables we measured appeared not to be positively associated with nest ***: Our findings suggest that the Emei Shan Liocichla tended to select nest sites near forest edges or gaps with good concealment and that nest-site selection by this species was nonrandom but not necessarily adaptive. Reducing forest-edge development and protecting bamboo stands should be effective for conservation of this species.

关键词： nest predator nest-site selection nest success Liocichla omeiensis Laojunshan Nature Reserve

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Natural nest substrates influence squamate embryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 550-566页

作者： Joshua M.HALL Jocelyn MIRACLE Cindy D.SCRUGGS Daniel A.WARNER Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Vertebrate embryos require access to water;however,many species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably in moisture ***,non-avian reptiles have served as models to understand how environmental factors,like moisture availability,influence development because eggs are often exposed to prevailing environments in the absence of parental *** much research demonstrates the importance of water absorption by eggs,many ecological factors that influence moisture availability in natural nests have received little *** example,the type of substrate in which nests are constructed is *** experimentally incubated eggs of the brown anole lizard(Anolis sagrei)in 2 naturally occurring nest substrates that were treated with varying amounts of water to determine how natural substrates influence development at different moisture *** substrate consisted of sand and crushed seashells and the other was mostly organic material(*** plant material).Both are common nesting substrates at our field *** controlling for water uptake by eggs,we found that egg survival and hatchling phenotypes were similar between substrates;however,embryos developed more quickly in the sand/shell substrate than the organic substrate,indicating substrate-specific effects on embryo *** results demonstrate that different natural substrates can result in similar developmental outcomes if the water available to eggs is comparable;however,some aspects of development,like developmental rate,are affected by the type of substrate,independent of water *** study is required to determine how natural substrates influence embryo physiology independent of water content.

关键词： developmental plasticity egg incubation hydric conditions nesting behavior nest-site selection

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