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nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success of the Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis), a vulnerable babbler endemic to southwestern China

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Chinese Birds 2016年第3期7卷 161-166页

作者： Yiqiang Fu Benping Chen Simon D.Dowell Zhengwang Zhang Sichuan Institute Key Laboratory for Protecting Endangered Birds in the Southwest Mountains College of Life Sciences Leshan Normal University Laojunshan National Nature Reserve Administration North of England Zoological Society Chester Zoo Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University

Background: The Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis) is a globally vulnerable babbler, endemic to southwestern China. We investigated its nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success at the Laojunshan National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China in order to identify the precise nesting-habitat requirements of the species, and to test whether the nest-site-selection cues, preferred by the Emei Shan Liocichla, are positively associated with nest ***: We used infrared cameras to determine nest predators. We compared the microhabitat attributes between nest and random sites, as well as successful and failed nests. We used Binary Logistic Regression to determine the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of the Emei Shan Liocichla. We used the nest survival analysis in Program MARK to estimate daily nest survival rates(DSR). nest success was calculated using the Mayfield ***: In total 56 nests were found. The DSR for all nests that contained at least one egg was 0.9564 ± 0.0091(95 % CI 0.9346–0.9711)(n = 40), while the total nest success was 27.5 %. We identified four categories of predators in 10 nest predation events, i.e. squirrels(n = 5), snakes(n = 3), raptors(n = 1) and wasps(n = 1). We found that:(1) nest predation was the primary reason for nest failure of the Emei Shan Liocichla,(2) tree cover, bamboo cover, liana abundance and distance to forest edge or gap were the most important variables affecting nest-site selection of this species, and(3) the nest-site-selection variables we measured appeared not to be positively associated with nest ***: Our findings suggest that the Emei Shan Liocichla tended to select nest sites near forest edges or gaps with good concealment and that nest-site selection by this species was nonrandom but not necessarily adaptive. Reducing forest-edge development and protecting bamboo stands should be effective for conservation of this species.

关键词： nest predator nest-site selection nest success Liocichla omeiensis Laojunshan Nature Reserve

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Plastering mud around the entrance hole affects the estimation of threat levels from nest predators in Eurasian Nuthatches

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 658-663页

作者： Jiangping Yu Li Zhang Guodong Yi Keqin Zhang Jiyuan Yao Jian Fang Chao Shen Haitao Wang Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China School of Life Sciences Jilin Normal UniversitySiping 136000China School of Zoological Science Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology UniversityJilin 132109China College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Background:For cavity-nesting birds,the nest entrance plays an important role in preventing predators from accessing *** species of nuthatches use mud to narrow the entrance of *** theory,the smaller the entrance hole size,the more effective it is against predators;however,few studies have tested whether narrowing the entrance hole size can affect the estimation of threat levels from nest predators in cavity-nesting ***:Using dummy experiments,we tested whether Eurasian Nuthatches(Sitta europaea,narrow the entrance hole of cavities)and Cinereous Tits(Parus cinereus,do not narrow the entrance hole,as a control)perform different nest defence behaviours against Common Chipmunks(Tamias sibiricus,small nest predator)and Red Squirrels(Sciurus vulgaris,larger nest predator).Results:Both nuthatches and tits exhibited stronger response behaviours(high dummy response scores)against chipmunks than against *** with tits,nuthatches exhibited more aggressive behaviours to chipmunks,but their responses to squirrels were ***:nest defence behaviours of nuthatches to chipmunks differed from tits,and the results suggested that nuthatches might estimate threat levels of nest predators according to their narrowed entrance-hole size.

关键词： Cavity-nesting birds Entrance-hole size Eurasian Nuthatches nest defence behaviour nest predator

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