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Enterochromaffin Cell:Friend or Foe for Human Health?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第11期39卷 1732-1734页

作者： Yang Yu Yong-Chang Li Fu-Chao Zhang Guang-Yin Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Enterochromaffin(EC)cells are a type of enteroendocrine cells that reside in the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract.They function as sensory transducers of stimuli present in the intestinal lumen,as afferent Nerves do not protrude into the lumen,but have been shown to act as a friend or a foe depending on various conditions.It has been well-described that EC cells play their role by releasing 5-HT to activate neighboring afferent Nerves in a paracrine fashion,while emerging evidence suggests the existence of synaptic-like connections between enteroendocrine cells and adjacent afferent Nerves based on in vitro co-culture and in vivo viral tracing studies.

关键词： Nerves releasing Human

An accidental gallbladder schwannoma misdiagnosis as malignant cancer

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第2期22卷 217-220页

作者： Zhen-Hua Shen Wen-Bin Yuan Qiang Yan Jing Mao Qing Zhang Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou 313003China Department of Stomatology Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou 313003China

To the Editor: Schwannomas are mainly benign neurogenic tumors originating from the Schwann cells in peripheral Nerves sheaths and occur in patients at any age and in every location [ 1, 2 ]. The most common occurring sites of schwannomas are the head, neck and extremities [3]. In the abdominal cavity, the most frequently involved sites are the retroperitoneum and stomach [4].

关键词： stomach Nerves cavity

Schwann cell extracellular vesicles:judging a book by its cover

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 325-326页

作者： Steven L.Gonias Wendy M.Campana Department of Pathology University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCAUSA Department of Anesthesiology Program in NeurosciencesUniversity of California The Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System San DiegoCAUSA

Schwann cells(SCs)are essential in the development of the peripheral nervous system(PNS),in PNS inj ury,and the aging PNS.SCs comprise greater than 90%of the nucleated cells in peripheral Nerves(Campana,2007).Myelinating SCs insulate large-diameter axons,forming a 1:1relationship and promoting saltatory conduction of axonal action potentials.Non-myelinating SCs ensheathe clusters of smaller diameter axons in Remak bundles.Both types of SCs provide essential metabolic and trophic support to axons,which is essential for maintaining axon integrity in healthy peripheral Nerves.

关键词： Nerves conduction Schwann

Clinical reasoning: a 20-year-old woman with coma and quadriplegia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 169-170页

作者： Shao-wei Zheng Hong-hong Pei Long-fei Pan Department of Emergency Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710004China

Dear editor,Subacute combined degeneration(SCD) of the spinal cord, which is mainly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, reveals damage in posterior and lateral columns and peripheral Nerves. The CNS and cranial Nerves are rarely involved except in children.[1,2]Spinal cord MRI abnormal long T1 and T2 signs in the posterior funiculus has specificity for the diagnosis.[3]There have been many case reports about SCD induced by nitrous oxide anaesthesia or entertainment.

关键词： Nerves vitamin specificity

The Antinociceptive Effect of Genicular Nerves Block Compared to Intra-Articular Dexamethasone in Grade III or IV Knee Osteoarthritis

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第10期12卷 451-457页

作者： Gabriela R. Lauretti Davi L. R. Santos Celia S. Oliveira Carlos Trintade Anesthesia and Pain Management School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Interventional Pain Teaching Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

Introduction: Knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis is a common pathology reflecting on the capacity of undertaking daily activities. Among non-surgical procedures, intra-articular corticosteroids represent an alternative complementary therapy. However, blocking the genicular Nerves is a recently described technique, easily applied for clinical management. Objectives: To compare efficacy of both intra-articular corticosteroid and genicular block for chronic knee pain. Methods: 20 patients with osteoarthritis were evaluated for: 1) the intensity of pain;2) the quality of sleep;3) the capacity to undertake daily activities. Two groups were formed randomly, the first submitted to intra-articular blocking and the second to blocking the genicular Nerves. A solution of plane 90 mg lidocaine 1%, and dexamethasone 10 mg was standard and used for intervention in both procedures to a final 10-ml volume. After a weekly appraisal for 12 consecutive weeks, the patients were recalled and submitted to another proposed procedure and in this way, all the patients acted as their own control (a “crossover” study design). In the following weeks, as also in the pretest, the intensity of pain, the quality of sleep and the capacity of undertaking daily activities were evaluated. Results: Both the intra-articular block and the genicular Nerves block resulted equally in important reduction of pain during 11 weeks, with similar improvement in the quality of night sleep, and in the capacity of daily activities (p Nerves was a safe alternative, minimally invasive and highly efficient, similar to the intra-articular corticosteroid.

关键词： Blocking Genicular Nerves Knee Pain Knee Osteoarthritis

Human equivalent dose of oral 4-aminopyridine differentiates nerve crush injury from transection injury and improves post-injury function in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2098-2107页

作者： Chia George Hsu M A Hassan Talukder Li Yue Loel CTurpin Mark Noble John C.Elfar Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science Penn State Hershey College of MedicineMilton S.Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPAUSA Department of Medicine Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Orthopedics The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island HospitalProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neuroscience The University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Biomedical Genetics The University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

4-Aminopyridine(4-AP), an FDA-approved drug for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis, is used to improve neuromuscular function in patients with diverse demyelinating disorders. We recently demonstrated that local, transdermal or injectable forms of 4-AP improve myelination, nerve conduction velocity, muscle atrophy, and motor function after traumatic peripheral nerve injury in mice. While oral 4-AP is most commonly used in the clinic, it is unknown whether human equivalent oral doses of 4-AP have effects on traumatic peripheral nerve injury differentiation, myelination, muscle atrophy, functional recovery, and post-injury inflammatory processes in animals. Mice with sciatic nerve crush or denervation injury received oral or intraperitoneal 4-AP(10 μg) or vehicle alone and were examined for pharmacokinetics, motor function, muscle mass, intrinsic muscle force, nerve morphological and gene expression profiles. 4-AP showed linear pharmacokinetics and the maximum plasma 4-AP concentrations were proportional to 4-AP dose. Acute single dose of oral 4-AP administration induced a rapid transient improvement in motor function that was different in traumatic peripheral nerve injury with or without nerve continuity, chronic daily oral 4-AP treatment significantly enhanced post crush injury motor function recovery and this effect was associated with improved myelination, muscle mass, and ex vivo muscle force. Polymerase chain reaction array analysis with crushed nerve revealed significant alterations in gene involved in axonal inflammation and regeneration. These findings provide convincing evidence that regardless of the route of administration, 4-AP can acutely differentiate traumatic peripheral nerve injury with or without nerve continuity and can enhance in vivo functional recovery with better preservation of myelin sheaths, muscle mass, and muscle force. The animal experiments were approved by the University Committee on Animal Research(UCAR) at the University of Rochester(UCAR-2009-019) on March 31, 2017.

关键词： 4-aminopyridine electron microscopy of Nerves functional recovery gene expression muscle force muscle mass oral administration pharmacokinetics sciatic nerve crush injury sciatic nerve denervation injury

A step towards zero leprosy: Active case finding through community-based approach

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第7期16卷 332-334页

作者： Senthilkumar Ramasamy Sanjana Agrawal Hafseera Paradan State Health Resource Centre RaipurChhattisgarhIndia School of Public Health All India Institute of Medical SciencesRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Leprosy with multidrug therapy and treatment in the early stages can prevent disability,but it still represents a significant health problem,mainly in vulnerable populations[1].However,if left untreated,leprosy can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin,Nerves,limbs,and eyes.With the constant efforts of the National Leprosy Elimination Programme in India,the implementation of multidrug therapy has lowered the prevalence rate to 0.66/10000 in 2016[1].

关键词： Nerves finding damage

Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Peripheral Nerves

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2018年第4期8卷 232-247页

作者： Mandugula Aruna Devi Ak Meena Department of Radiology Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Hyderabad India Department of Neurology Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Hyderabad India

Ultrasonography is first line, cost-effective modality in imaging of peripheral Nerves. High frequency probes allow high resolution imaging of peripheral Nerves located at relatively superficial location. USG can diagnose and localize various pathologies that involve the peripheral Nerves such as traumatic, inflammatory, infective, neoplastic, and traumatic neuropathies. USG exceptionally has an important role to play in evaluation of patients with suspected nerve injury, as MRI may not differentiate neural contusion from nerve disruption. Neurapraxic injury is seen as swollen nerve with hypoechoic appearance.

关键词： HRUS Superficial Peripheral Nerves Nerve Lesions

Emergence of the Wallerian degeneration pathway as a mechanism of secondary brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 980-981页

作者： Ciaran Scott Hill Andrea Loreto National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery University College London HospitalsUCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK Jon Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

Augustus Volney Wal ler was a renowned British neurophysiologist who birthed the axon degeneration field in 1850 by describing curdling and fragmentation of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal cranial Nerves of a frog following a transection injury.The degeneration of axons after a transection injury is now known as Wallerian degeneration(WD).Waller’s work was expanded by Santiago Ramón y Cajal who described in detail the morphological stages of WD from monitory fragmentation of the axon and the granular disintegration of the neurofibrils to the final resorption of the axon.

关键词： degeneration Nerves Wallerian