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Regeneration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing nerve fibers in rat corpus cavernosum

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Asian Journal of Andrology 1999年第3期1卷 135-138页

作者： Xin-Hua ZHANG Li-Quan HU Xin-Min ZHENG Shi-Wen LI Research Center of Urology and Andrology, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan 430071, China Research Center of Urology and Andrology Hubei Medical University Wuhan 430071 China

Aim: To investigate the effect of cavernous nerve injury on the nNOS-containing nerve fibers in rat corpus cavernosum.Methods: Thirty-three male SD rats were randomized into 3 groups: 5 rats underwent pelvic exploration without tran-section of cavernous nerve as the sham-operated controls, the unilateral injury group (14 rats) had the cavernous nerve cuton one side, and the bilateral injury group (14 rats) had the nerves cut on both sides. Corpora cavernosa were harvestedat the 3rd week and 6th month after surgery, nNOS-positive nerve fibers were examined with strepavidin peroxidase im-munohistochemistry techniques (SP method). Results: After bilateral ablation, the nNOS-positive nerve fibers weresignificantly decreased at both the 3rd week ( 17 ± 4) and the 6th month (16 ± 4). For the unilateral injury group, thenNOS-positive nerve fibers were similarly decreased on the side of the neurotomy at the 3rd week (18 ± 6), but by the 6thmonth, the number increased significantly (61±9) and approximated the level on the contralateral side (81 ± 13). Con-clusion: In rats after unilateral cavernous nerve ablation, nNOS-containing nerve fibers might regenerate 6 months afteroperation, but regeneration did not occur in animals with bilateral cavernous nerve injury. Results suggest that duringpelvic radical surgery, the cavernous nerve should be preserved at least on one side in order to accomplish adequate regen-eration. (Asian J Androl 1999 Sep ; 1: 135 - 138)

关键词： nitric-oxide synthase nerve fibers cavernous nerve regeneration

TRPV4-induced Neurofilament Injury Contributes to Memory Impairment after High Intensity and Low Frequency Noise Exposures

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 50-59页

作者： YANG Yang WANG Ju QUAN Yu Lian YANG Chuan Yan CHEN Xue Zhu LEI Xue Jiao TAN Liang FENG Hua LI Fei CHEN Tu Nan Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University(Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038China Department of Neurosurgery The 904h Hospital of PLASchool of Medicine of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxi 214044JiangsuChina

Objective Exposure to high intensity, low frequency noise(HI-LFN) causes vibroacoustic disease(VAD),with memory deficit as a primary non-auditory symptomatic effect of VAD. However, the underlying mechanism of the memory deficit is unknown. This study aimed to characterize potential mechanisms involving morphological changes of neurons and nerve fibers in the hippocampus, after exposure to HILFN.Methods Adult wild-type and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 knockout(TRPV4^(-/-)) mice were used for construction of the HI-LFN injury model. The new object recognition task and the Morris water maze test were used to measure the memory of these animals. Hemoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine morphological changes of the hippocampus after exposure to HI-LFN.Results The expression of TRPV4 was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus after HI-LFN exposure. Furthermore, memory deficits correlated with lower densities of neurons and neurofilamentpositive nerve fibers in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1) and dentate gyrus(DG) hippocampal areas in wildtype mice. However, TRPV4^(-/-)mice showed better performance in memory tests and more integrated neurofilament-positive nerve fibers in the CA1 and DG areas after HI-LFN exposure.Conclusion TRPV4 up-regulation induced neurofilament positive nerve fiber injury in the hippocampus,which was a possible mechanism for memory impairment and cognitive decline resulting from HI-LFN exposure. Together, these results identified a promising therapeutic target for treating cognitive dysfunction in VAD patients.

关键词： Low frequency noise Memory impairment TRPV4 Neurofilament nerve fibers HippocampusLow frequency noise Memory impairment TRPV4 Neurofilament nerve fibers Hippocampus

Role of stem cells-based in facial nerve reanimation:A meta-analysis of histological and neurophysiological outcomes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第6期14卷 420-428页

作者： Luca Ricciardi Resi Pucci Amedeo Piazza Giorgio Lofrese Alba Scerrati Nicola Montemurro Antonino Raco Massimo Miscusi Tamara Ius Marco Zeppieri Division of Neurosurgery AOU Sant’AndreaDepartment of NESMOSSapienza UniversityRome 00189Italy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences Sapienza UniversityRome 00161Italy Division of Neurosurgery Ospedale BufaliniCesena 47521Italy Department of Neurosurgery Sant'Anna University HospitalS.Anna University HospitalFerrara 44121Italy Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy Department of Neurosurgery Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria PisanaPisa 56126Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of NeurosciencesSanta Maria della Misericordia University HospitalUdine 33100Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Treatments involving stem cell(SC)usage represent novel and potentially interesting alternatives in facial nerve reanimation.Current literature includes the use of SC in animal model studies to promote graft survival by enhancing nerve fiber growth,spreading,myelinization,in addition to limiting fibrotic degeneration after surgery.However,the effectiveness of the clinical use of SC in facial nerve reanimation has not been clarified yet.AIM To investigate the histological,neurophysiological,and functional outcomes in facial reanimation using SC,compared to autograft.METHODS Our study is a systematic review of the literature,consistently conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement guidelines.The review question was:In facial nerve reanimation on rats,has the use of stem cells revealed as effective when compared to autograft,in terms of histological,neurophysiological,and functional outcomes?Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted on histological and neurophysiological data from the included comparative studies.RESULTS After screening 148 manuscript,five papers were included in our study.43 subjects were included in the SC group,while 40 in the autograft group.The meta-analysis showed no significative differences between the two groups in terms of myelin thickness[CI:-0.10(-0.20,0.00);I^(2)=29%;P=0.06],nerve fibers diameter[CI:0.72(-0.93,3.36);I^(2)=72%;P=0.6],compound muscle action potential amplitude[CI:1.59(0.59,3.77);I^(2)=89%;P=0.15]and latency[CI:0.66(-1.01,2.32);I^(2)=67%;P=0.44].The mean axonal diameter was higher in the autograft group[CI:0.94(0.60,1.27);I^(2)=0%;P≤0.001].CONCLUSION The role of stem cells in facial reanimation is still relatively poorly studied,in animal models,and available results should not discourage their use in future studies on human subjects.

关键词： Facial nerve Palsy Reanimation Coaptation Stem cells nerve fibers Functional outcome

Biodegradable chitin conduit tubulation combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury by reducing glial scar and cavity formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第1期10卷 104-111页

作者： Feng Xue Er-jun Wu Pei-xun Zhang Li-ya A Yu-hui Kou Xiao-feng Yin Na Han Department of Trauma and Orthopedics Peking University People’s Hospital Graduate School of Shanxi Medical University Central Laboratory Peking University People’s Hospital

We examined the restorative effect of modified biodegradable chitin conduits in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation after right spinal cord hemisection injury. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that biological conduit sleeve bridging reduced glial scar formation and spinal muscular atrophy after spinal cord hemisection. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells survived and proliferated after transplantation in vivo, and differentiated into cells double-positive for S100 （Schwann cell marker） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （glial cell marker） at 8 weeks. Retrograde tracing showed that more nerve fibers had grown through the injured spinal cord at 14 weeks after combination therapy than either treatment alone. Our findings indicate that a biological conduit combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation effectively prevented scar formation and provided a favorable local microenvi- ronment for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the spinal cord, thus promoting restoration following spinal cord hemisection injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury spinal cord hemisection biological conduit bonemarrow mesenchymal stem cells stem cells transmission electron microscope cell transplantation neurons nerve fibers NSFC grants neural regeneration

Acrylamide inhibits nerve sprouting induced by botulinum toxin type A

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第16期9卷 1525-1531页

作者： Hong Jiang Yi Xiang Xingyue Hu Huaying Cai Department of Neurology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Second Clinical Medical College Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Botulinum toxin type A is a potent muscle relaxant that blocks the transmission and release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A has served as an effective and safe therapy for strabismus and focal dystonia. However, muscular weakness is temporary and after 3-4 months, muscle strength usually recovers because function- al recovery is mediated by nerve sprouting and reconstruction of the neuromuscular junction. Acrylamide may produce neurotoxic substances that cause retrograde necrotizing neuropathy and inhibit nerve sprouting caused by botulinum toxin type A. This study investigated whether acrylamide inhibits nerve sprouting after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A. A tibial nerve sprouting model was established through local injection of botulinum toxin type A into the right gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. Following intramuscular injection, rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 3% acrylamide every 3 days for 21 days. nerve sprout- ing appeared 2 weeks after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A and single-fiber electromyography revealed abnormal conduction at the neuromuscular junction I week after intra- muscular injection of botulinum toxin type A. Following intraperitoneal injection of acrylamide, the peak muscle fiber density decreased. Electromyography jitter value were restored to normal levels 6 weeks after injection. This indicates that the maximal decrease in fiber density and the time at which functional conduction of neuromuscular junction was restored were delayed. Addition- ally, the increase in tibial nerve fibers was reduced. Acrylamide inhibits nerve sprouting caused by botulinum toxin type A and may be used to prolong the clinical dosage of botulinum toxin type A.

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve regeneration botulinum toxin type A acrylamide nerve sprouting electromyography nerve fibers neuromuscular junction single-fiber EMG fiberdensity action potential mean consecutive difference dysmyotonia neural regeneration

Effects of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen on the conduction block of rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 929-935页

作者： Sengal Bagci Taylan Hulagu Bariskaner Department of Medical Services and Techniques Vocational School of Health ServicesHakkari UniversityHakkariTurkey Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey

Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that is used because of its sedative,anxiolytic,and analgesic effects.Dexketoprofen,which is used as an analgesic,is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).The use of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen as adjuvants to local anesthetics for the peripheral nerve is gradually increasing.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen on conduction block of rat sciatic nerve.The isolated sciatic nerve from adult rats was transferred to a nerve chamber.The compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded from stimulated nerve with electrophysiological methods.Dexmedetomidine (n = 8) and dexketoprofen (n = 8) were administered in the chamber with cumulative concentrations of 10–9 to 10–5 M,and the CAPs were recorded for 5 and 10 minutes.The CAP parameters were calculated.Both dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen significantly depressed all CAP parameters in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group,i.e.,the group in which rats did not receive treatment.CAP parameters showed there was no significant difference in nerve conduction inhibition between dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen.Higher doses of dexmedetomidine suppressed the conduction in the fast-conducting fibers;however,dexketoprofen was found to suppress the conduction in the slow-conducting fibers in a time-dependent manner and suppress the conduction in the medium- and slow-conducting fibers in a dose-dependent manner.These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen exhibit better anesthetic effects on peripheral nerve through different ways of action.The experimental procedures were approved by the Necmettin Erbakan University on January 30,2013 (approval No.2013-024).

关键词： compound action potentials dexketoprofen dexmedetomidine maximum depolarization nerve chamber nerve fibers sciatic nerve

Effectiveness of Glaucoma Diagnostic Parameters from Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography of Myopic Patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第15期131卷 1819-1826页

作者： Yuan Fang Han-Qiao Zhang Rong-Hua Qiao Xu-Yang Yao Ying-Zi Pan Mei Li Department of Ophthalmology Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing 102218 China

Background： Currently, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography （SD-OCT） appears to be a new type of glaucoma diagnostic tool. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of glaucoma diagnostic parameters from SD-OCT of patients with different severities of myopia. Methods： This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 248 participants （248 eyes） were enrolled, including 51 cases in the early primary open-angle glaucoma group, 79 cases in the control group （0.50 D to -0.50 D, excluding -0.50 D）, 47 cases in the low-myopic group （-0.50 to -3.00 D, excluding -3.00 D）, 43 cases in the moderate-myopic group （-3.00 to -6.00 D, excluding -6.00 D）, and 28 cases in the high-myopic group （≤-6.00 D）. All participants were examined using the Humphrey visual field test and SD-OCT. The SD-OCT parameters of the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） and ganglion cell complex were analyzed statistically using the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve （AUC）. Results： The AUC showed that the best parameters for the control and low-myopic groups were the inferior and inferior temporal RNFL thicknesses （AUC 〉0.94）, respectively; for the moderate- and high-myopic groups, the best parameter was the temporal low RNFL thickness （AUC, 0.926 and 0.896, respectively）. The AUC of the inferior parameters of the moderate-myopic group （0.864） was lower, ranked 15^th among all RNFL parameters. When the sensitivity was fixed at 85%, the specificity of the inferior, superior, inferior temporal, and superior temporal quadrants was higher （〉80%） in the control and low-myopic groups, while they were lower （20 60%） for the moderate- and high-myopia groups. The green color based on the OCT database was also less for the high-myopic group compared with that of other groups （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Glaucoma diagnostic parameters from SD-OCT were not clinically effective for the moderate- and high-myopic groups. The specificities were low. The moderate- and high-myopic groups require comprehensive analyses for the diagno

关键词： Glaucoma： Myopia nerve fibers Open Angle Retina

Differential Innervation of Secretory Coils and Ducts in Human Eccrine Sweat Glands

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第16期131卷 1964-1968页

作者： Zhan Ouyang Hai-Hong Li Ming-Jun Zhang Si-Tian Xie Liu-Hang-Hang Cheng Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong 515041 China

Background： Previous studies demonstrate that eccrine sweat glands are innervated by both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves. However, it is still unknown whether the secretory coils and ducts ofeccrine sweat glands are equally innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers. To welt understand the mechanisms on sweat secretion and reabsorption, the differential innervation of secretory coils and ducts in human eccrine sweat glands was investigated in the study. Methods： From June 2016 to June 2017, six human skins were fixed, paraffin-embedded, and cut into 5 μm-thick sections, followed by costaining for nerve fiber markers protein gene product 9.5 （PGP 9.5）, tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） and vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）, and eccrine sweat gland markers K7, S100P, and K14 by combining standard immunofluorescence with tyramide signal amplification （IF-TSA）. Stained sections were observed under the microscope, photographed, and analyzed. Results： The fluorescent signals of PGP 9.5, TH, and VIP were easily visualized, by 1F-TSA, as circular patterns surrounding eccrine sweat glands, but only PGP 9.5 could be observed by standard IF. The IF-TSA method is more sensitivity than standard IF in detecting antigens expressed at low levels. PGP 9.5, TH, and VIP appeared primarily surrounding the secretory coils and sparsely surrounding the sweat ducts. Conclusion： Sweat secretion is mainly controlled by autonomic nerves whereas sweat reabsorption is less affected by nerve activity.

关键词： Duct Eccrine Sweat Glands Innervation nerve fibers Secretory Coil Tyramide Signal Amplification

Trimethyltin-induced cochlear degeneration in rat

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Journal of Otology 2016年第3期11卷 118-126页

作者： Jintao Yu Dalian Ding Hong Sun Richard Salvi Jerome A.Roth Department of Otolaryngology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Center for Hearing and Deafness University at Buffalo Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University at Buffalo

Trimethyltin(TMT) is an occupational and environmental health hazard behaving as a potent neurotoxin known to affect the central nervous system as well as the peripheral auditory system.However,the mechanisms underlying TMT-induced ototoxicity are poorly understood.To elucidate the effects of TMT on the cochlea,a single injection of 4 or 8 mg/kg TMT was administered intraperitoneally to adult rats.The compound action potential(CAP) threshold was used to assess the functional status of the cochlea and histological techniques were used to assess the condition of the hair cells and auditory nerve fibers.TMT at 4 mg/kg produced a temporary CAP threshold elevation of 25-60 dB that recovered by 28 d post-treatment.Although there was no hair cell loss with the 4 mg/kg dose,there was a noticeable loss of auditory nerve fibers particularly beneath the inner hair cells.TMT at 8 mg/kg produced a large permanent CAP threshold shift that was greatest at the high frequencies.The CAP threshold shift was associated with the loss of outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the basal,high-frequency region of the cochlea,considerable loss of auditory nerve fibers and a significant loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn.Spiral ganglion neurons showed evidence of soma shrinkage and nuclear condensation and fragmentation,morphological features of apoptotic cell death.TMT-induced damage was greatest in the high-frequency,basal region of the cochlea and the nerve fibers beneath the inner hair cells were the most vulnerable structures.

关键词： Trimethyltin Ototoxicity Hair cells nerve fibers Spiral ganglion neurons