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Litter quality and decomposer complexity co-drive effect of drought on decomposition

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 329-338页

作者： Shumei Wang Junwei Luan Siyu Li Jinhao Ma Lin Chen Yi Wang Shirong Liu Sanya Research Base International Centre for Bamboo and RattanSanya572022China Institute of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationInternational Centre for Bamboo and RattanBeijing100102China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecology and Nature Conservation InstituteChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryPingxiang532600China Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China

Litter decomposition is key to ecosystem carbon(C)and nutrient cycling,but this process is anticipated to weaken due to projected more extensive and prolonged drought.Yet how litter quality and decomposer community complexity regulate decomposition in response to drought is less understood.Here,in a five-year manipulative drought experiment in a Masson pine forest,leaf litter from four subtropical tree species(Quercus griffthii Hook.f.&Thomson ex Miq.,Acacia mangium Willd.,Pinus massoniana Lamb.,Castanopsis hystrix Miq.)representing different qualities was decomposed for 350 d in litterbags of three different mesh sizes(i.e.,0.05,1,and 5 mm),respectively,under natural conditions and a 50%throughfall rain exclusion treatment.Litterbags of increasing mesh sizes discriminate decomposer communities(i.e.,microorganisms,microorganisms and mesofauna,microorganisms and meso-and macrofauna)that access the litter and represent an increasing complexity.The amount of litter C and nitrogen(N)loss,and changes in their ratio(C/N_(loss)),as well as small and medium-sized decomposers including microorganisms,nematodes,and arthropods,were investigated.We found that drought did not affect C and N loss but decreased C/N_(loss)(i.e.,decomposer N use efficiency)of leaf litter irrespective of litter quality and decomposer complexity.However,changes in the C/N_(loss)and the drought effect on C loss were both dependent on litter quality,while drought and decomposer complexity interactively affected litter C and N loss.Increasing decomposer community complexity enhanced litter decomposition and allowing additional access of meso-and macro-fauna to litterbags mitigated the negative drought effect on the microbial-driven decomposition.Furthermore,both the increased diversity and altered trophic structure of nematode due to drought contributed to the mitigation effects via cascading interactions.Our results show that litter quality and soil decomposer community complexity co-drive the effect of drought on litter decomposition.This experiment

关键词： Arthropod Drought Decomposer community Nutrient cycling nematode

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The new effector AbSCP1 of foliar nematode(Aphelenchoides besseyi) is required for parasitism rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1084-1093页

作者： HUANG Xin CHI Yuan-kai Addisie Abate BIRHAN ZHAO Wei QI Ren-de PENG De-liang Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230001P.R.China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate Ethiopian Biotechnology InstituteAddis Ababa 5954Ethiopia

Plant parasitic nematodes secrete effector proteins to parasitize hosts successfully. Of these proteins, serine carboxypeptidases have critical roles in pathogenicity. This study investigated the role of new effector AbSCP1 in Aphelenchoides besseyi pathogenicity. In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that AbSCP1 was exclusively expressed in the esophageal glands and upregulated in juveniles. Subcellular localization assays indicated that the protein was expressed in the nucleus. The ability to hydrolyze C-terminal amino acid residues was proven for AbSCP1. Moreover, RNAi significantly reduced the expression of AbSCP1 and RNAi-treated nematodes’ reproductive potential. Pathogenicity assays on rice showed that RNAi-treated nematodes were less pathogenic than the untreated control groups. These results suggest the important role of AbSCP1 in the A. besseyi infection process.

关键词： Aphelenchoides besseyi serine carboxypeptidases effector nematode pathogenicity

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Deep learning models for automatic identification of plant-parasitic nematode

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第1期7卷 1-12页

作者： Nabila Husna Shabrina Ryukin Aranta Lika Siwi Indarti Department of Computer Engineering Universitas Multimedia NusantaraJl.Scientia BoulevardTangerang 15111Indonesia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas Gadjah MadaJl.FloraBulaksumurYogyakarta 55581Indonesia

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause various diseases that can be fatal to the infected plants.It causes losses to the agricultural industry,such as crop failure and poor crop quality.Developing an accurate nematode classification system is vital for pest identification and control.Deep learning classification techniques can help speed up nematode identification as it can perform tasks directly from images.In the present study,four state-of-the-art deep learning models(ResNet101v2,CoAtNet-0,Effi-cientNetV2B0,and EfficientNetV2M)were evaluated in plantparasitic nematode classification from microscopic image.The models were trained using a combination of three different optimizers(Adam,SGD,dan RMSProp)and several data augmentation with image transformations,such as image flip,blurring,noise addition,brightness,and contrast adjustment.The performance of the trained models was varied.Regarding test accuracy,EfficientNetV2B0 and EfficientNetV2M using RMSProp and brightness augmentation give the best result of 97.94%However,the overall performance of EfficientNetV2M was superior,with 98.66%mean class accuracy,97.99%F1 score,98.26%average precision,and 97.94%average recall.

关键词： Augmentations Classifications Deeplearning nematode Optimization

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First record of the golden potato nematode Globodera rostochiensis in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 898-899页

作者： JIANG Ru PENG Huan LI Yun-qing LIU Hui ZHAO Shou-qi LONG Hai-bo HU Xian-qi GE Jian-jun LI Xing-yue LIU Miao-yan SHAO Bao-lin PENG De-liang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100026P.R.China Environment and Plant Protection Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101P.R.China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201P.R.China Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176P.R.China Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066P.R.China Technical Center of Chengdu Customs Chengdu 610095P.R.China

The potato cyst nematodes(PCN) Globodera rostochiensis(Wollenweber) Skarbilovich,1959 is considered the most damaging nematode pest of potato worldwide that causes significant yield losses,and this nematode is recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in many countries(EPPO 2017).China is currently the largest producer of potato in the world.

关键词： listed nematode record

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Regulation of Root-Knot nematode Behavior by Seed-Coat Mucilage-Derived Attractants

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Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 99-112页

作者： Allen Yi-Lun Tsai Takumi Higaki Chinh-Nghia Nguyen Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch Bruno Favery Shinichiro Sawa Graduate School of Science &Technology Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashtwa-shiChiba 277-8562Japan INRA Universite Cote d'AzurCNRSUMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech06900 Sophia AntipolJsFrance present address:Internattonal Research Organization for Advanced Science &Technology Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan Present address:School of Biotechnology and Food Technology Hanoi University of Science and Technology10 000 HanoiVietnam

Seed exudates influence the behavior of soil organisms,but howthis occurs remains unclear,particularly for multicellular animals.Here we show that compounds associated with Arabidopsis seed-coat mucilage regulate the behavior of soil-borne animals,specifically root-knot nematodes (RKNs).Infective RKN J2 larvae actively travel toward Arabidopsis seeds through chemotaxis.Analysis of Arabidopsis mucilage mutants demonstrated that the attraction of RKNs toArabidopsis seeds requires the synthesis and extrusion of.seed-coat mucilage.Extracted mucilage alone is not sufficient to attract RKNs,but seed-surface carbohydrates and proteins are required for this process.These findings suggest that the RKN chemoattractant is synthesized de novo upon mucilage extrusion but may be highly unstable.RKNs attracted by thismucilage-dependent mechanism can infect the emerging seedling.However,the attraction signal from seedling roots likely acts independently of the seed-coat signal and may mask the attraction to seed-coat mucilage after germination.Multiple RKN species are attracted byArabidopsis seeds,suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in RKNs.These findings indicate that seed exudate can regulate the behavior of multicellular animals and highlight the potential roles of seed-coat mucilage in biotic interactions with soil microorganisms.

关键词： chemotaxis seed-coat mucilage root-knot nematode plant-pathogen interaction

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nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 381-387页

作者： Obed Asiedu Charles Kodia Kwoseh Haddish Melakeberhan Thomas Adjei-Gyapong Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Michigan State University

Climate change affects air temperature, sea levels as well as the soil and its ecosystem. The Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana are characterized by different climatic conditions and vegetative cover. Annual average temperature has been steadily increasing whilst annual total rainfall has been decreasing in both zones, and this has been causing a southward shift of the Savannah into the Forest zone. Soil organisms provide crucial ecosystem services which are required for sustainable agriculture and food production yet crop cultivation disturbs the soil ecosystem. The harsh conditions associated with the Savannah further expose the soil ecosystem to disturbance and loss of biodiversity which threatens food production and security. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals in the soil and play a central and critical role in the soil food web complex. Studying the nematode community structure gives a reflection of the status of the entire soil ecosystem. Soil samples were taken from cultivated and natural landscapes in the Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest agroecological zones to analyse the nematode community. Results from the study showed the Guinea Savannah zone recording warmer soil temperatures, lower organic matter percentage and lower nematode diversity(Genus Richness) as compared to the Semi-deciduous Forest zone. If the Savannah continues to shift southward, the Forest zone soil ecosystem risks disturbance and loss of biodiversity due to the harsh Savannah conditions. Our findings indicate that prevailing crop cultivation practices also disturb soil ecosystem in the two ecological zones which span across West Africa. A disturbed soil ecosystem endangers the future of food production and food security.

关键词： Climate change Guinea Savannah Semi-deciduous Forest Soil temperature Soil nematode diversity

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Correlates of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf sheep

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第7期5卷 529-532页

作者： IK Idika SN Chiejina LI Mhomga PA Nnadi LA Ngongeh Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology Michael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeNigeria Department of Animal Health and Production University of AgricultureMakurdiNigeria Department of Animal Health and Production University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Objective:To investigate correlates of resistance to G1 nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf(WAD) sheep.Methods:Thirty three sheep were randomly assigned to two groups, A(n=27) which were used for experimental infections,and B(n=6) which served as uninfected control.Each infected animal received weekly escalating infections with infective larvae(60% Haemonchus contortus(H.contortus) and 40%Trichostrongylus colubriformis(T.eolubriformis) for 4 weeks.The responses of all the infected and control sheep were assessed by faecal egg count(FEC),worm burden(Wb),packed cell volume(PCV),body weight(Bwt).and body condition score(BCS).On the basis of their individual faecal egg output,Lambs in group A with epg≤1 000 on any sampling day were classified as low faecal egg count(LFEC) phenotype(n = 16),those with epg between 1 000 and 10 000 as intermediate(n=5) and lambs with epg > 10 000 as high feacal egg count(HFEC) phenotype(n=6).Results:The difference between the FEC classes was highly significant(P=0.001).The BCS and weight gained at the end of the experiment by the control and LFEC sheep was significandy higher(P≤0.05) than those of the intermediate and HFEC phenotypes.There was a significant and negative correlation between the parasitological measures and the trio of BCS,PCV and Bwt of sheep.Conclusions:The result of the study indicated that the FEC,weight gain,PCV,and BCS are correlates and potential selection crileria of G1 nematode resistant WAD sheep.

关键词： WAD sheep Phenotypic markers Resistance Resilience GI nematode

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Micropropagation of Pinus densiflora and the evaluation of nematode resistance of regenerated microshoots in vitro

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 519-528页

作者： Lihua Zhu Xiaofang Chu Tingyu Sun Jianren Ye Xiaoqin Wu Institute of Forest Protection College of Forest Nanjing Forestry University Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China

To accelerate the breeding and selection of Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. resistance to pine wilt disease, a micropropagation system was established and nematode resistance evaluated in vitro. Cotyledon-hypocotyl explants from 28-day-old seedlings were first cultured on Gresshoff and Doy medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L^(-1) 6-benzyladenine and 0.2 mg L^(-1) a-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) to stimulate the formation of buds. Induced buds were subsequently subcultured on Gupta and Durzan medium supplemented with 0.1%(w/v)activated charcoal for elongation. Stem sections derived from shoots were used as explants for the further multiplication. Roots were formed from shoots transferred to woody plant medium containing 0.2 mg L^(-1) NAA for4 weeks. The nematode resistance test showed that symptoms in micropropagated shoots after infection with pine wood nematode(PWN) were similar to those in plants infected in the field. The wilting rate varied from 20 to100% among different clones 18 days after inoculation.The most susceptible clone was Clone 6-4 with a 100%wilting rate, while Clone 8-4 showed a relatively high resistance with a 20% wilting rate. The number of nematodes recovered from Clone 8-4 shoots was significantly lower(P = 0.05) than from Clones 5-10 and 16-4. This work contributes to the breeding of PWN resistance in P.densiflora.

关键词： Pinus densiflora Micropropagation Shoot proliferation Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematode resistance

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The synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root-knot nematode in cucumber production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 2093-2106页

作者： HUANG Bin WANG Qian GUO Mei-xia FANG Wen-sheng WANG Xiao-ning WANG Qiu-xia YAN Dong-dong OUYANG Can-bin LI Yuan CAO Ao-cheng Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System Beijing 100193P.R.China

The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed that chloropicrin(CP)or dazomet(DZ)synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN.The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times.CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone.CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield,compared to the use of each product alone.A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP.Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly.This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance.Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m^-2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m^-2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.

关键词： dazomet chloropicrin fosthiazate cucumber root-knot nematode

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QTL mapping of qSCN3-1 for resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean line Zhongpin 03-5373

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The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 351-359页

作者： Lei Yang Yu Tian Yulin Liu Jochen C.Reif Yinghui Li Lijuan Qiu The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key Lab of Germplasm Utilization(MOA) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Department of Breeding Research Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)GaterslebenGermany

Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is one of the most economically destructive pathogens.The soybean line Zhongpin03-5373(ZP),which combines resistance genes from several donors,is highly resistant to SCN race 3(SCN3).In our previous study,two QTL(rhg1 and GmSNAP11)were identified in a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ZP and the susceptible parent Zhonghuang 13.The two QTL explained around one-third of the resistance,suggesting the presence of further QTL contributing to SCN resistance.In the present study,we used an improved version of the geneticmap comprising the previously applied 1062 molecular markers and 47 newly developed InDel(insertion-deletion)markers.The improved map revealed a novel locus contributing to SCN3 resistance:qSCN3-1,flanked by InDelmarker InDel1-7 and SNPmarker Map-0047,explained 4.55%of the phenotypic variance for resistance to SCN3 and was not involved in digenic epistatic interaction with rhg1 and GmSNAP11.Haplotypes of Map-0047_CAPS(a CAPS marker developed for Map-0047)and InDel1-7 were significantly associated with SCN3 resistance in a panel of 209 resistant and susceptible accessions.Using further allele-combination analysis for three functional markers representing three cloned resistance genes(rhg1,Rhg4,andGmSNAP11)and twomarkers flanking qSCN3-1,we found that adding the resistance allele of qSCN3-1 greatly increased soybean resistance to SCN,even in diverse genetic backgrounds.The qSCN3-1 locus will be useful for marker-assisted polygene pyramid breeding and should be targeted for the future identification of candidate genes.

关键词： Allelic combination InDel Pyramid Soybean cyst nematode

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