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necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 239-251页

作者： Kosar Gharib-Naseri Sara de Las Heras-Saldana Sarbast Kheravii Lihong Qin Jingxue Wang Shu-Biao Wu School of Environment and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Animal Science and Husbandary Branch Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesGongzhulingJilin136100China College of Life Sciences Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi030006China

necrotic enteritis(NE)is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic *** infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and,thus,*** gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers,global mRNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this ***,to induce NE,birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 108 CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium per-fringens on days 14 and *** day 16,2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion *** tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate(n=4)was used for histology,and the jejunum tissue for RNA ***-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 *** differ-entially expressed genes(DEG)were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein-protein interactions(PPI).At a false discovery rate threshold<0.05,a total of 377 DEG(207 upregulated and 170 downregulated)DEG were *** enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)signaling(P<0.01)andβ-oxidation pathways(P<0.05).The DEG were mostly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation(cluster of differentiation 36[CD36],acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1[ACSBG1],fatty acid-binding protein-1 and-2[FABP1]and[FABP2];and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1[ACSL1]),bile acid production and transportation(acyl-CoA oxidase-2[ACOX2],apical sodium-bile acid transporter[ASBT])and essential genes in the immune system(interferon-,[IFN-γ],LCK proto-oncogene,Src family tyrosine kinase[LCK],zeta

关键词： necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Transcriptome Fatty acid metabolism Broiler Challenge

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necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert J.Moore School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs)means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously *** supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their *** enteritis(NE)is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity,and welfare,and was previously well controlled by ***,with the reduction in IFA use,NE is resurgent in some *** and various feed additives,including pre-,pro-,and postbiotics,phytobiotics,fatty acids,and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE *** some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen,Clostridium perfringens,most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut *** reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published ***,rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production *** review is based on the author's particular experience,reading,thoughts,and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these *** is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

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Modulations of genes related to gut integrity,apoptosis,and immunity underlie the beneficial effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 in broilers fed diets with different protein levels in a necrotic enteritis challenge model

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 626-638页

作者： Kosar Gharib-Naseri Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam Kiran Doranalli Sarbast Kheravii obert A.Swick Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Evonik Nutrition&Care GmbH 10-B226Rodenbacher Chaussee 463457 Hanau-WolfgangGermany University of New England ArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Background:The ban of in-feed antimicrobial additives has negatively affected the poultry industry by causing necrotic enteritis(NE)to emerge in the *** such as Bacillus probiotics have shown to be effective on eliminating the negative effects of this *** experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940(BA)in broiler chickens under NE challenge and/or fed diets with different protein ***:In both experiments,480 day-old mix-sexed Ross-308 broilers were arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of *** experiment 1,the factors were NE challenge(yes or no)and probiotic(yes or no).In experiment 2,the factors were dietary crude protein levels(standard or reduced)and probiotic(yes or no)and were used under NE challenge *** administration of Eimeria oocysts(day 9)followed by inoculation with Clostridium perfringens(day 14 and 15)was used to induce NE *** day 16,two birds from each treatment were gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-d)and blood samples were collected for gut integrity evaluation,and jejunal samples were collected for gene expression ***:In experiment 1,BA supplementation decreased caspase-3(CASP3)(P<0.001)and caspase-8(CASP8)(P<0.05)and increased occludin(OCLD)(P<0.05)expression regardless of the ***,BA supplementation downregulated interfron-γ(IFN-γ)expression(P<0.01)and upregulated immunoglobulin-G(IgG)(P<0.01)and immunoglobulin-M(IgM)(P<0.05)only in challenged *** experiment 2,the expression of genes encoding mucin-2(MUC2)(P<0.001),tight junction protein-1(TJP1)(P<0.05)and OCLD(P<0.05)were upregulated by the addition of BA in the diet,regardless of the crude protein ***,BA supplementation downregulated INF-γ(P<0.01)and upregulated immunoglobulin-A(IgA)(P<0.05),IgM(P<0.05)and IgG(P<0.01)regardless of the crude protein ***:These findings suggest that supplementation of BA in broil

关键词： Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Broiler Clostridium perfringens Gene expression necrotic enteritis Probiotic

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Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 374-395页

作者： Bochen Song Jie He Xue Pan Linglian Kong Chuanpi Xiao Chake Keerqin Zhigang Song Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non‑Grain Feed Resources College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018ShandongChina Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Ageing College of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantai 264005ShandongChina Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit University of LiègeGembloux Agro‑Bio TechGemblouxBelgium Phytobiotics(Jiangsu)Biotech Co. Ltd.Jintan 213200China

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium *** The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the *** significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the *** significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the ***,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the ***,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the *** significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing b

关键词： Broiler chicken Gut microbiota Immune function Macleaya cordata extract necrotic enteritis

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Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2454-2473页

作者： Huiping Xu Jianyang Fu Yimeng Luo Peng Li Bochen Song Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China

Background In broiler chickens,necrotic enteritis(NE)infection can reduce production *** acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in ***,the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very *** this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance,immunity,and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with *** infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to *** Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight,villus height,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05)and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio,intestinal lesion score,and crypt depth(P<0.05).The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance(P<0.05)and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of ***(P<0.05).Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels(P<0.05).Addi-tion of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of *** in the ***,tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein,myeloperoxidase,and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected ***-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna,Thermoanaerobacterium,and Thermosinus abundance(P<0.05);their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC *** Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier a

关键词： Broiler chicken Immunity Intestinal health necrotic enteritis Tannic acid

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 improves performance and gut function in broilers fed different levels of protein and/or under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 185-197页

作者： Kosar Gharib-Naseri Juliano C.P.Dorigam Kiran Doranalli Natalie Morgan Robert A.Swick Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Evonik Nutrition&Care GmbH Rodenbacher Chaussee 463457 Hanau-WolfgangGermany University of New England Armidale 2351Australia

Two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECr 5940(BA)as a probiotic on growth performance,amino acid digestibility and bacteria population in broiler chickens under a subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge and/or fed diets with different levels of crude protein(CP).Both studies consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 480 Ross 308 mix-sexed broiler *** study 1,treatments included 1)NE challenge(+/),and 2)BA(1.0×106 CFU/g of feed)supplementation(+/-).In study 2,all birds were under NE challenge,and treatments were 1)CP level(Standard/Reduced[2%less than standard])and 2)BA(1.0×106 CFU/g of feed)supplementation(+/-).After inducing NE infection,blood samples were taken on d 16 for uric acid evaluation,and cecal samples were collected for bacterial *** both studies,ileal digesta was collected on d 35 for nutrient digestibility *** study 1,the NE challenge reduced body weight gain(BWG),supressed feed conversion ratio(FCR)and serum uric acid levels(P<0.001).Supplementation of BA increased BWG(P<0.001)and reduced FCR(P=0.043)across dietary treatments,regardless of ***(P=0.030)and Ruminococcus(P=0.029)genomic DNA copy numbers and concentration of butyrate(P=0.017)were higher in birds fed the diets supplemented with *** study 2,reduced protein(RCP)diets decreased BWG(P=0.010)and uric acid levels in serum(P<0.001).Supplementation of BA improved BWG(P=0.001)and FCR(P=0.005)and increased Ruminococcus numbers(P=0.018)and butyrate concentration(P=0.033)in the ceca,regardless of dietary CP ***,addition of BA reduced Clostridium perfringens numbers only in birds fed with RCP diets(P=0.039).At d 35,BA sup-plemented diets showed higher apparent ileal digestibility of cystine(P=0.013),valine(P=0.020),and lysine(P=0.014).In conclusion,this study suggests positive effects of BA supplementation in broiler diets via modulating gut microflora and improving nutrient upta

关键词： Bacillus amyloliquefaciens necrotic enteritis Growth performance Reduced protein diet Bacteria population Gut function

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Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis:Part *** mineralization and litter quality

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 142-151页

作者： Holy K.Zanu Sarbast K.Kheravii Natalie K.Morgan Michael R.Bedford Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

This study was conducted to determine the effect of necrotic enteritis(NE),phytase level and meat and bone meal(MBM)processing on bone mineralization of broilers and litter *** 308 male broiler chicks(n=768)were allotted to 48 pens with 16 birds *** were 8 dietary treatments in a 2×2×2 factorial *** were NE challenge(no or yes),phytase level(500 or 5,000 FTU/kg),and MBM(as-received or over-processed).Half of the birds were challenged with field strains of Eimeria *** d 9 and 108 CFU per mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and *** middle toe,tibia and femur of 2 birds per pen were excised at d 16 and 29 for determination of ash,breaking strength(BS)and bone *** d 42,all were assessed for hock burns and litter was scored and assessed for dry matter(DM).At d 16,challenged birds had lower toe ash(P<0.01),femur ash(P<0.001),tibia ash(P<0.001)and tibial BS(P<0.001)than unchallenged *** d 16,challenged birds fed high phytase and over-processed MBM had higher toe Mn than those fed low phytase and as-received *** d 29 unchallenged birds fed high phytase and as-received MBM had a higher toe Mn than those fed over-processed *** d 16,a phytase×MBM interaction was detected for femur Zn concentration(P<0.05),where a higher level of Zn was observed in the high phytase group fed over-processed *** d 16,tibial Ca(P<0.05)and P(P<0.05)were lower in the chal-lenged whereas the femur K(P<0.001),Mn(P<0.01)and Na(P<0.001)were higher in the chal-lenged at d *** d 42,challenged birds had higher litter DM(P=0.058)and fewer hock burns than those unchallenged(P<0.05).In conclusion,NE impaired bone traits but high phytase and over-processed MBM increased bone mineral *** of hock burns may be lower under NE in-cidences due to lower livability of birds reducing litter wetness.

关键词： Bone mineralization Litter quality Meat and bone meal necrotic enteritis Phytase

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Potential of blended organic acids to improve performance and health of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 440-449页

作者： Alip Kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast K.Kheravii Lane Pineda Yanming Han Robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Trouw Nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811 MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia

Organic acids(OA)and their blends have been shown to positively affect performance and health of ***,the data in the literature are not *** study examined the potential of blended short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)with medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters(AGP)on performance,health and welfare of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis(NE).The additives used were:A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP);B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF);C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 Ross 308 one-day-old male parental chicks were randomly distributed into 78-floor pens with 13 replicates of 18 birds *** treatments were the following:T1,unchal-lenged control(UCC);T2,challenged control(CHC);T3,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin(BAC);T4,challenged group plus additive SMP;T5,challenged group plus additive SMF;T6,challenged group plus additive *** birds were gavaged with Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens EHE-NE18 on d *** NE challenge and cumulatively,BWG,FCR,and nutrient digestibility of birds were compromised(P0.05).All the 3 additive groups had lower FCR compared to CHC(P=0.001;d 0 to 35),and exhibited similar jejunal lesions(d 16)compared to BAC and apparent ileal protein di-gestibility(d 21)compared to UCC and BAC groups(P>0.05).Birds in additive SHM group had a higher concentration of serum IgA compared to all groups(P=0.001)except additive SMF(P>0.05;d 21).All the additive groups had lower footpad dermatitis and hock burns compared to CHC(P<0.05).The findings suggest the potential of blended OA as alternatives to BAC to protect broilers from NE indicated by improved FCR,immunity,digestibility,and bird wel

关键词： Performance Blended organic acid Alternative to antibiotics necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes may improve performance when included in wheat- but not maize-based diets fed to broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 54-67页

作者： Eunjoo Kim Amy F.Moss Natalie K.Morgan Kosar Gharib-Naseri Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of *** factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the *** challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the *** offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased *** supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased *** wheat-based diets with

关键词： Broiler chicken Carbohydrase Mannanase necrotic enteritis Prebiotic oligosaccharides Xylanase

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson Melanie A.Whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and ***,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly *** study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(NE),an economically significant poultry ***:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with *** on d 14 to induce NE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected *** d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi *** transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota *** in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were *** correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of ***:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in NE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected *** of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(P0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE(P<0.05)and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease ***

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens Dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota necrotic enteritis Poultry

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