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Upper ocean near-inertial response to the passage of two sequential typhoons in the northwestern South China Sea

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第5期62卷 863-871页

作者： Yonggui MA Shuwen ZHANG Yiquan QI Zhiyou JING College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology College of Oceanography Hohai University State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Fifty-seven days of moored current records are examined, focusing on the sequential passage of Typhoons Nesat and Nalgae separated by 5 days in the northwestern South China Sea. Both typhoons generated strong near-inertial waves(NIW) as detected by a moored array, with the near-inertial velocity to the right of the typhoon path significantly larger than to the left. The estimated vertical phase and group velocities of the NIW induced by Typhoon Nesat are 0.2 cm s^(-1) and 0.85 m h^(-1), respectively,corresponding to a vertical wavelength of 350 m. Both the vertical phase and group velocities of the NIW induced by Typhoon Nalgae are lower than those of Typhoon Nesat, with the corresponding vertical wavelength only one-half that of Nesat. The threshold values of induced near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) of 5 J m^(-3) reach water depths of 300 and 200 m for Typhoons Nesat and Nalgae, respectively, illustrating that the NIKE induced by Typhoon Nesat dissipated less with depth. Obvious blueshifts in the induced NIW frequencies are also detected. The frequency of NIW induced by Typhoon Nesat significantly increases at water depths of 100–150 m because of Doppler shifting, but decreases significantly at water depths of 100–150 m for Nalgae because of the greater influence of the background vorticity during the passage of Typhoon Nalgae.

关键词： Typhoon Nesat Typhoon Nalgae near-inertial waves near-inertial kinetic energy inertial wave propagation

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Seasonal variability of the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第4期38卷 136-145页

作者： Baonan Sun Zhan Lian Yeli Yuan Haiyang Xu College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)

After validated by the in-situ observation, the slab model is used to study the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux(NIEF) in the South China Sea(SCS) based on satellite-observed wind data, and its dependence on calculation methods and threshold criteria of the mixed layer depth(MLD) is investigated. Results illustrate that the total amount of NIEF in the SCS could be doubled if different threshold criteria of MLD are adopted. The NIEF calculated by the iteration and spectral solutions can lead to a discrepancy of 2.5 GW(1 GW=1×109 W). Results also indicate that the NIEF exhibits spatial and temporal variations, which are significant in the boreal autumn,and in the southern part of the SCS. Typhoons are an important generator of NIEF in the SCS, which could account for approximately 30% of the annual mean NIEF. In addition, deepening of the MLD due to strong winds could lead to a decrease of NIEF by approximately by 10%. We re-estimate the annual mean NIEF in the SCS,which is(10±4) GW and much larger than those reported in previous studies.

关键词： near-inertial energy flux mixed layer depth South China Sea typhoon

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Observation of near-inertial Internal Waves on the Continental Slope in the Northwestern South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第2期16卷 184-190页

作者： ZHENG Jie TIAN Jiwei LIANG Hui Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China

Based on nearly 3 months of moored acoustic Doppler current profiler records on the continental slope in the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) in 2006,this study examines temporal and vertical characteristics of near-inertial internal waves(NIW).Rotary frequency spectrum indicates that motions in the near-inertial frequency are strongly polarized,with clockwise(CW) energy exceeding counterclockwise(CCW) by about a factor of 10.Wavelet analysis exhibits an energy peak exceeding the 95% confidence level at the frequency of local inertial during the passage of typhoon Xangsane(24 September to 4 October).This elevated near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) event possesses about a 4 days delay correlation with the time integral of energy flux induced by typhoon,indicating an energy source of wind.Further analysis shows that the upward phase velocity of this event is 3.8 m h^(-1)approximately,corresponding to a vertical wavelength of about 125 m if not taking the redshift of local inertial frequency into account.Rotary vertical wavenumber spectrum exhibits the dominance of clockwise-with-depth energy,indicating downward energy propagation and implying a surface energy source.Dynamical modes suggest that mode 1 plays a dominant role at the growth stage of NIW,whereas major contribution is from higher modes during the penetration of NIKE into the ocean interior.

关键词： South China Sea near-inertial internal waves mooring

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Energy distributions of the large-scale horizontal currents caused by wind in the baroclinic ocean

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2267-2275页

作者： ZHOU Lei1, TIAN Jiwei1 & WANG Dongxiao2 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 510301, China Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China

Ocean current data for nearly 3 months in the South China Sea (SCS), combined with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data, are analyzed. The results indicate that the wind en-ergy enters the upper mixed layer in a wide continuous frequency band. In addition, the interac-tion between the low-frequency wind anomaly and the low-frequency current anomaly is the most ‘effective’ way for the energy input from the wind to the upper ocean. However, only the inertial and the near inertial energy propagate downwards through the upper mixed layer. The down-ward-propagating energy is distributed into the barotropic currents, the baroclinic currents and each mode of the baroclinic currents following the normal distributions. The energy change ratios between the barotropic motion to the baroclinic motion induced by the wind present a normal distribution of N (0.0242, 0.3947). The energy change ratios of the first 4 baroclinic modes to the whole baroclinic currents also follow the normal distributions. The first baroclinic mode follows N (0.2628, 0.1872), the second N (0.1979, 0.1504), the third N (0.1331, 0.1633), and the fourth N (0.0650, 0.1540), respectively.

关键词： wind anomaly, ocean current anomaly, energy transportation, wide frequency band, near-inertial fre-quency, energy distribution.

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Estimation of eddy viscosity on the South China Sea shelf with adjoint assimilation method

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 9-16页

作者： ZHANG Yanwei TIAN Jiwei XIE Lingling Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

The eddy viscosity of the ocean is an important parameter indicating the small-scale mixing process in the oceanic interior water column. Ekman wind-driven current model and adjoint assimilation technique are used to calculate the vertical profiles of eddy viscosity by fitting model results to the observation data. The data used in the paper include observed wind data and ADCP data obtained at Wenchang Oil Rig on the SCS （the South China Sea） shelf in August 2002. Different simulations under different wind conditions are analyzed to explore how the eddy viscosity develops with varying wind field. The results show that the eddy viscosity endured gradual variations in the range of 10^-3 -10^-2 m^2 /s during the periods of wind changes. The mean eddy viscosity undergoing strong wind could rise by about 25% as compared to the value under weak wind.

关键词： the SCS eddy viscosity near-inertial Ekman Model adjoint assimilation

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