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nature reserve and Ecotourism Development in China’s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2007年第1期5卷 74-83页

作者： Xie Genzong Qiu Penghua Tang Shaoxia Department nf Resources Environment and Tourism Hainan Normal University Haikou Ha nan 571158 China College of Geography Southern China Normal University Guangzhou Guangdong 510631 China

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.

关键词： Wuzhishan Mountain region nature reserve ecot-ourism

COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM IN nature reserve OF CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2004年第3期14卷 276-282页

作者： GUIYan-li FANGYan-gang LIUJi-sheng CollegeofUrbanandEnvironmentalSciences NortheastNormalUniversityChangchun130024P.R.China

This paper introduces a new concept of community-based ecotourism (CBET) that originated in foreign countries. Then it analyzes the significance of CBET development in nature reserve (NR). The authors think that community participation is the evitable choice of nature reserve′s conservation and development. CBET, as the self-improved model of ecotourism, can promote tourism community sustainable development. Based on the stakeholder analysis of CBET in NRs, this paper addresses the reality, especially the problem of CBET development in NRs of China. In order to develop CBET in NRs of China, this paper takes some suggestions to promote the community participation: 1)gradual political empowerment, 2) deep level economic incentive, 3) widespread educational support, 4) impartial distribution of community benefits, and 5) stakeholders cooperation.

关键词： community-based ecotourism community participation tourism development nature reserve

Glacier changes in the Sanjiangyuan nature reserve of China during 2000-2018

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第2期32卷 259-279页

作者： ZHANG Yuan YAO Xiaojun ZHOU Sugang ZHANG Dahong College of Geography and Environment Sciences Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’an 710027China

The glaciers in the Sanjiangyuan nature reserve of China(SNRC)are a significant water resource for the Yangtze,Yellow,and Mekong *** on Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)/Operational Land Imager(OLI)images acquired in 2000,2010,and 2018,the outlines of glaciers in the SNRC were obtained by combining band ratio method with manual *** were 1714 glaciers in the SNRC in 2018,with an area of 2331.15±54.84 km^(2),an ice volume of 188.90±6.41 km3,and an average length of 1475.4±15 *** 2000-2018,the corresponding values of glaciers decreased by 69,271.95±132.06 km^(2),18.59±8.83 km3,and 84.75±34 m,*** in the Yangtze River source area witnessed the largest area loss(-154.45 km^(2)),whereas glaciers in the Mekong River source area experienced the fastest area loss(-2.02%·a-1)and the maximum reduction of the average length(-125.82 m).Overall,the retreat of glaciers in the SNRC exhibited an accelerating ***,the loss rate of glacier area in the Yellow River source area in 2010-2018 was more than twice that in *** glacier change is primarily attributed to the significant rise in temperature during the ablation *** other factors including the size,orientation and terminus elevation of glaciers also contributed to the heterogeneity of glacier change.

关键词： glacier climate change nature reserve Yangtze River Yellow River Mekong River

Community attitudes toward ecotourism development and environmental conservation in nature reserve:a case of Fujian Wuyishan National nature reserve,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第7期14卷 1405-1418页

作者： CHEN Bi-xia QIU Zhen-mian Faculty of Agriculture University of the RyukyusNishihara Town School of Economics Fujian Normal University Kanazawa University

Using social exchange theory, this study investigated residents＇ attitudes toward the preliminary stage of tourism development in nature reserves in Wuyishan National nature reserve of China, and the socio-economic and negative effects of residents＇ attitude toward the tourist industry. Results of the questionnaire survey indicated that local people perceived they could benefit from the economic activities related to tourism, and were supportive of the conservation of natural resources and local culture, sustainable community development, and community participation in ecotourism planning and management. This study also revealed that the variables of age, gender, education level, household income, family size, non-farm work arrangements, and the distance to tourism attractions, have significant association with respondents＇ attitudes toward ecotourism development, or negative impacts of the tourist industry. Respondents who are male, or have a higher household income, are more supportive of tourism development inside the reserve. Younger and more highly educated community members are more likely to support learning more about natural and cultural resources and landscapes. Respondents who have a hieher household income, or live far fromthe village center, are more concerned about the negative environmental impacts of tourism development.

关键词： Economic benefits Environmentalconservation nature reserve Residents' attitude Tourism development Wuyishan National naturereserve

Emergy Evaluation of a Village Ecosystem in Wolong nature reserve in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2009年第2期7卷 59-66页

作者： Chen Yong Kontoleon Andreas Chen Guojie Institute of Environment and Regional Development Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China Department of Land Economy University of Cambridge cambridge CB3 9EP UK Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China

Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong nature reserve includes population, farming and livestock (domestic and alpine) and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem (including the farming and livestock ecosystem) and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.

关键词： nature reserve village ecosystem emergy analysis human settlement

Productivity analysis in nature reserve:A case study in Hunan Province

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Forestry Studies in China 2007年第1期9卷 80-84页

作者： Wang Lan-hui Tian Shu-rong School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing 100083 E R. China School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China Administration Bureau of Hupingshan nature reserve Hunan Province Shimen 415300 P. R. China

Although there are abundant natural resources in nature reserves, poverty is a common feature of the social economy in the communities surrounding nature reserves. Income from forestry is still the main source for residents living around nature reserves. The structure of inputs and outputs, i.e. productivity, in the forestry sector in nature reserves is quite different from one reserve to another. Productivity can be measured by Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） methods owing to the characteristics of DEA. The promotion of productivity in nature reserve is an effective way to improve the living condition in areas neighboring nature reserves. Thus, one typical national nature reserve in Hunan is selected in this study with the intent to measure productivity in the area and then to analyze the factors affecting its productivity.

关键词： nature reserve productivity efficiency

Vegetation change in the Mt. Qomolangma nature reserve from 1981 to 2001

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第2期17卷 152-164页

作者： ZHANG Wei ZHANG Yili WANG Zhaofeng DING Mingjun YANG Xuchao LIN Xuedong LIU Linshan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China

Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1981 to 2001, the digitalized China Vegetation Map （1：1,000,000）, DEM, temperature and precipitation data, and field investigation, the spatial patterns and vertical characteristics of natural vegetation changes and their influencing factors in the Mt. Qomolangma nature reserve have been studied. The results show that：（1） There is remarkable spatial difference of natural vegetation changes in the Mt. Qomolangma nature reserve and stability is the most common status. There are 5.04% of the whole area being seriously degraded, 13.19% slightly degraded, 26.39% slightly improved, 0.97% significantly improved and 54.41% keeping stable. The seriously and slightly degraded areas, which mostly lie in the south of the reserve, are along the national boundaries. The areas of improved vegetation lie in the north of the reserve and the south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The stable areas lie between the improved and degraded areas. Degradation decreases with elevation. （2） Degeneration in the Mt. Qomolangma nature reserve mostly affects shrubs, needle-leaved forests and mixed forests. （3） The temperature change affects the natural vegetation changes spatially while the integration of temperature changes, slopes and aspects affects the natural vegetation change along the altitude gradients. （4） It is the overuse of resources that leads to the vegetation degeneration in some parts of the Mt. Qomolangma nature reserve.

关键词： Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) nature reserve AVHRR vegetation degradation Himalayas

RS-based Evaluation of Forest Cover Changes in Nanling National nature reserve

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Journal of Landscape Research 2015年第5期7卷 33-37,40页

作者： LIU Zongjun LIAO Fangjun Nanling National nature reserve Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

3S technology was applied to analyze spatio-temporal changes of landscape pattern in Nanling National nature reserve and the driving forces. The results showed that the study area was dominated by forest landscape from 1988 to 2009, accounting for 95% of the total area, among all forest landscapes, evergreen broadleaved forest accounted for the largest ratio(>50%). In terms of landscape fragmentation, landscape density index of the study area increased, landscape fragmentation was aggravated; patch density of core zone declined slightly, mean patch area of all landscape types increased, landscape fragmentation decreased slightly; buffer zone and experimental zone witnessed the aggravation of fragmentation. In terms of landscape diversity, landscape pattern of the study area became increasingly complex, diversity index increased, landscape heterogenization was enhanced; landscape diversity of the core zone increased slightly, that of the buffer zone increased greatly, but that of the experimental zone declined and landscape heterogenization reduced. Landscapes in the whole area grew more diversified, while landscape pattern of the core zone was simplified, that of the buffer zone witnessed slight changes, and that of the experimental zone kept consistent with that of the study area. In terms of driving forces of landscape pattern change, natural factors have contributed to the landscape changes in the study area, but human factors such as forest management, forest tourism, local residents an economic factors played a dominant role. With the increasing external interventions to the landscape pattern change, the contradiction between landscape eco-environment protection and resource development and utilization in Nanling National nature reserve will be increasingly sharpened.

关键词： Forest landscape pattern Landscape index nature reserve Driving force

Protection and Quality Control of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in nature reserves by Taking Longyuwan Scenic Spot Within Funiu Mountain nature reserve as an Example

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第3期23卷 90-96页

作者： Wang Shao-hui Liu Meng-na Wang Xu Zhang Ya-chen Han Yi-wen Zhang Ce Liu Tong-xiang Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 China Institute of Chinese Minority Traditional Medicine Beijing 100081 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China

This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain nature reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain nature reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.

关键词： nature reserve wild Chinese herbal medicine resource protection quality control