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Lightweight detection method for lotus seedpod in natural environment

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第6期16卷 197-206,F0004页

作者： Tao Tang Xu Wang Zenghong Ma Weiwei Hong Gaohong Yu Bingliang Ye Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310018China Special Equipment Institute Hangzhou Vocational&Technical CollegeHangzhou 310018China

In order to solve the problems of the current target detection algorithms,such as poor discrimination of occluded targets,multiple parameters,complex networks,large amounts of computation,and not conducive to the deployment of mobile terminals,a lightweight lotus seedpod detection method based on YOLOv5s model was proposed in this study.First,the dataset was augmented by using a combination of offline and online augmentation,which improved the adaptability and robustness of the model in complex environments.Then,a lightweight Ghost convolution module was introduced to replace the original convolution,and a lightweight bidirectional feature pyramid network was designed,which could enhance the feature extraction and fusion capability of the network and reduce the amount of calculation and model size;On this basis,the combination of WIoU loss function and Mish activation function was adopted to improve the accuracy of feature extraction.Finally,the knowledge distillation training strategy was used to ensure the proposed lightweight model has the learning ability of a complex network model,improving the recall and precision of model detection.The results of the ablation study show that the proposed method effectively improves the detection performance of the YOLOv5s model for lotus seedpods.The mean average precision of the improved model was 89.7%,compared with the original YOLOv5s model increased by 2.8%,and the parameters and FLOPs were reduced by 2.36M and 7.3G,respectively.Compared with other detection algorithm models,the proposed algorithm model has the advantages of less computation,smaller model size,and higher detection precision.Therefore,the proposed improved optimization method based on the YOLOv5s model can effectively detect lotus seedpods,which provides theoretical research and technical support for intelligent picking of lotus seedpods in the actual operating environment.

关键词： lotus seedpod detection deep Learning data augmentation lightweight knowledge distillation natural environment

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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli Anna Maria Zampini Valentina Grossule Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring microorganisms.This definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should occur.With regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as biodegradable.Moreover,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process parameters.For these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is challenging.The authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research studies.Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of biodegradation.The results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of bioplastics.This confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic natural environment Plastic waste

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Automatic image segmentation method for cotton leaves with disease under natural environment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1800-1814页

作者： ZHANG Jian-hua KONG Fan-tao WU Jian-zhai HAN Shu-qing ZHAI Zhi-fen Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big DataMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Beijing 100125P.R.China

In order to improve the image segmentation performance of cotton leaves in natural environment, an automatic segmentation model of diseased leaf with active gradient and local information is proposed. Firstly, a segmented monotone decreasing edge composite function is proposed to accelerate the evolution of the level set curve in the gradient smooth region. Secondly, canny edge detection operator gradient is introduced into the model as the global information. In the process of the evolution of the level set function, the guidance information of the energy function is used to guide the curve evolution according to the local information of the image, and the smooth contour curve is obtained. And the main direction of the evolution of the level set curve is controlled according to the global gradient information, which effectively overcomes the local minima in the process of the evolution of the level set function. Finally, the Heaviside function is introduced into the energy function to smooth the contours of the motion and to increase the penalty function Φ(x) to calibrate the deviation of the level set function so that the level set is smooth and closed. The results showed that the model of cotton leaf edge profile curve could be obtained in the model of cotton leaf covered by bare soil, straw mulching and plastic film mulching, and the ideal edge of the ROI could be realized when the light was not uniform. In the complex background, the model can segment the leaves of the cotton with uneven illumination, shadow and weed background, and it is better to realize the ideal extraction of the edge of the blade. Compared with the Geodesic Active Contour(GAC) algorithm, Chan-Vese(C-V) algorithm and Local Binary Fitting(LBF) algorithm, it is found that the model has the advantages of segmentation accuracy and running time when processing seven kinds of cotton disease leaves images, including uneven lighting, leaf disease spot blur, adhesive diseased leaf, shadow, complex background, unclear diseased leaf edges, and stag

关键词： local binary fitting model natural environment cotton disease leaves image segmentation

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RECONSTRUCTION OF THE natural environment DURING THE LIFE SPAN OF NANJING HOMO ERECTUS

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1997年第3期7卷 37-47页

作者： Yu Jinbiao Yang Baoguo Zhu Cheng Zhang Zhaogan Han Huiyou Department of Urban & Resources of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 People’s Republic of ChinaWang Yonghui Nanjing Normal Institute, Nanjing 210008 People’s Republic of China

From the comparison of the corresponding strata to the skull of the relic Homo erectus which was found in the Calabash cave of Nanjing Tangshan and dated in 350,000 aBP with other cave strata, the region of Tangshan is a kind of periglacial environment before middle Pleistocene epoch. During the life span of Nanjing Homo erecturs , it had transformed to warm and humid sub-tropical climate from periglacial climate. The natural environment is similar to present except the individual high mountains.

关键词： Nanjing Homo erectus natural environment middle Pleistocene epoch cumulus.

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The background features of natural environment and the harnessing pattern for the spread of saline land in the Songnen Plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第2期8卷 92-96页

作者： ZHANG BaiChangchun Institute of Geography, CAS, Changchun 130021 CHINA

The Songnen Plain lying in the central part of the Northeast China Plain covers an area of about 170 000 km2. There are vast patches of saline land, which are still in the process of enlargement. The spread of saline land has already caused the worsening of ecoenvironment and hindered agricultural development in the region. The paper analyses background factors of natural environment that caused the spread of saline land according to the information of Landsat TM images. The result shows that among the three kinds of lakes the fault lake is the background factor of natural environment that causes the spread of saline land under arid conditions. Its lakebeach meadows could not recover from the excessive utilization in farming and stockraising. The proposed countermeasures to prevent and control the spread of saline land serve as biological steps or water conservancy facilities to protect the lakebeach meadows of the fault lakes from being artificial excessively utilized.

关键词： spread of saline land background factors natural environment fault lake lakebeach meadow.

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Integration of natural environment with Other Fictional Elements in Wuthering Heights

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海外英语 2020年第15期 224-225页

作者：何湘婷广州科技职业技术大学外语外贸学院

As one of the literary forms,fiction is unified as a whole by its elements.The role natural environment plays can not beneglected,because it makes much sense in the completion of the novel and the formation of the depth.This thesis studies the integration of natural environment with the three fictional elements,plot,character,and theme,in WutheringHeights.In terms of plot,natural environment may develop the plot and suggest the turning.Besides,natural environment in the plot serves as stage for the plot,creating a sense of tableau.In presenting the characters,natural environment echoes the behavior and personality of the characters,especially when the main characters have a big change in temper and emotion.As to theme,the niceness of love and quiet and nice nature,the horror of hatred,the destroying thunder and lightning,all interact with each other.

关键词： Wuthering Heights natural environment plot character theme

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environment and COVID-19 incidence: A critical review

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 933-951页

作者： Jiatong Han Jie Yin Xiaoxu Wu Danyang Wang Chenlu Li State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is an unprecedented worldwide health crisis.Many previous research studies have found and investigated its links with one or some natural or human environmental factors.However,a review on the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and both the natural and human environment is still lacking.This review summarizes the inter-correlation between COVID-19 incidence and environmental factors.Based on keyword searching,we reviewed 100 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other research literature published since January 2020.This review is focused on three main findings.One,we found that individual environmental factors have impacts on COVID-19 incidence,but with spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty.Two,environmental factors exert interactive effects on COVID-19 incidence.In particular,the interactions of natural factors can affect COVID-19 transmission in micro-and macro-ways by impacting SARS-CoV-2 survival,as well as human mobility and behaviors.Three,the impact of COVID-19 incidence on the environment lies in the fact that COVID-19-induced lockdowns caused air quality improvement,wildlife shifts and socio-economic depression.The additional value of this review is that we recommend future research perspectives and adaptation strategies regarding the interactions of the environment and COVID-19.Future research should be extended to cover both the effects of the environment on the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19-induced impacts on the environment.Future adaptation strategies should focus on sustainable environmental and public policy responses.

关键词： COVID-19 natural environment Human environment Interaction

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Intelligent Color Reasoning of IOT Based on P-laws

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 3181-3193页

作者： HuangJing Yu Jinming Qiu Ning Cao Russell Higgs School of Information Engineering San Ming UniversitySanming365004China School of Mathematics and Statistics University College DublinDublinDublin 4Ireland

Aiming at the dynamics and uncertainties of natural colors affected by the natural environment,a color P-law generation model based on the natural environment is proposed to develop algorithms and to provide a theoretical basis for plant dynamic color simulation and color sensor data transmission.Based on the HSL(Hue,Saturation,Lightness)color solid,the proposed method uses the function P-set to provide a color P-law generation model and an algorithm of the Dynamic Colors System(DCS),establishing the DCS modeling theory of the natural environment and the color P-reasoning simulation based on the HSL color solid.The experimental results show that based on the color P-law,for the DCS of the natural environment,when the external factors change,the color of the plant changes,accordingly,verifying the effectiveness of the color P-law generation model and the algorithm of the DCS.In the dynamic color intel-ligent simulation system,when external factors change,the dynamic change of plant color generally conforms to the basic laws of the natural environment.This enables the effective extraction of color data from the Internet of Things(IoT)-based color sensors and provides an effective way to significantly reduce the data transmission bandwidth of the IoT network.

关键词： natural environment function P-sets color P-law intelligent color reasoning simulation

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Inviting Nature into Academic Learning:Exploring the Possibility to Activate the Introvert Courts inside the University Buildings

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Journal of Architectural environment & Structural Engineering Research 2022年第1期5卷 17-25页

作者： Gourpada Dey Raduan Md.Saiful Islam Prottoy Mushabbir Muttaki Subrata Das Department of Architecture Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet3114Bangladesh

Established on peripheral sub-urban area of Sylhet city,Shahjalal University of Science and Technology is a public university well known for its beautiful natural environment and diversified landscape with green hillocks,waterscape,forests and biodiversity.But,the academic buildings of the campus were planned in an introvert way that the common void courts remain disconnected from the outside natural environment.Although designed with positive intention,most of the courts remain unused maximum the time of a year.As the campus natural environment is getting richer day by day and users prefer to spend more time in outside environment,it is high time to integrate nature into the academic learning.This research aims to explore the possibilities of these void courts to be incorporated with the outside natural environment to enhance joyful learning.A combined approach was adopted as research methodology consists of intensive physical survey,literature study,microclimate analysis,questioner surveys among the users,interviewing the field experts and selective national and international case studies.Lastly,a set recommendation has been proposed considering all the perspectives and issues that the research has identified.

关键词： Academic learning Enclosed courtyard natural environment University campus

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Forecasting changes of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in the Aral Sea

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2014年第3期5卷 55-58页

作者： Vakhob Rafikov Mamadjanova Gulnora Institute of Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

The increase of irretrievable river water withdrawals and regulation of river flow has a negative effect on the natural regime of the Aral Sea. The Ainu Darya River and the Syr Darya River Basins are the largest irrigated farming areas. Their favorable soil and climatic conditions ensure guaranteed yields of various crops on irrigated lands. Since 1961, for the drastic increase of irretrievable river water withdrawal, mainly for irrigation, the inflow of fiver water into the Aral Sea has started to decrease significantly, accordingly the sea＇s hydrological and hydrochemical regimes disrupted dramatically. The sea level has continued to drop as evaporation exceeds inflow. This negatively transforms the natural environment and worsens socio-economic conditions in Priaralie as a whole, especially in the lower reaches of Amu Darya and Syr Darya, where natural conditions are largely determined by the sea＇s impact. At present, this causes desertification of the nonirrigated zone in the deltas, spreading to new areas as the Aral Sea dries out.

关键词： Aral Sea hydrological condition hydrochemical condition fiver water withdrawal natural environment

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