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natural forest ALS-TLS point cloud data registration without control points

Journal of forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 809-820页

作者： Jianpeng Zhang Jinliang Wang Feng Cheng Weifeng Ma Qianwei Liu Guangjie Liu Faculty of Geography Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming 650500People’s Republic of China Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province Kunming 650500People’s Republic of China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agriculture UniversityKunming 650201People’s Republic of China

Airborne laser scanning(ALS)and terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)has attracted attention due to their forest parameter investigation and research *** is limited to obtaining fi ne structure information below the forest canopy due to the occlusion of trees in natural *** contrast,TLS is unable to gather fi ne structure information about the upper *** address the problem of incomplete acquisition of natural forest point cloud data by ALS and TLS on a single platform,this study proposes data registration without control *** ALS and TLS original data were cropped according to sample plot size,and the ALS point cloud data was converted into relative coordinates with the center of the cropped data as the *** same feature point pairs of the ALS and TLS point cloud data were then selected to register the point cloud *** initial registered point cloud data was fi nely and optimally registered via the iterative closest point(ICP)*** results show that the proposed method achieved highprecision registration of ALS and TLS point cloud data from two natural forest plots of Pinus yunnanensis *** Picea asperata *** included diff erent species and *** average registration accuracy of 0.06 m and 0.09 m were obtained for *** and ***,respectively.

关键词： Airborne laser scanning(ALS) Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) Registration natural forest Iterative closest point(ICP)algorithm

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Soil Biological Changes for a natural forest and Two Plantations in Subtropical China

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Pedosphere 2004年第3期14卷 297-304页

作者： CHENGuang-Shui YANGYu-Sheng XIEJin-Sheng LILing GAORen CollegeofGeographyScience FujianNormalUniversityFuzhou350007（China） Collegeofforestry FujianAgricultureandForestryUniversityNanpin9353001（China）

Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical *** evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in topsoils (0-10 cm)were quantified in two 33-year-old monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (CK) and Cunninghamia lanceolata Lamb. (Chinese fir) (CF), and compared to a neighboring relict natural C. kawakamii forest (NF), in Sanming,Fujian. Five soil samples were collected once each in January, April, July, September and November in 2000 in each forest for laboratory analysis. Over the sampling year, there were significant differences for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes between forests and between seasons (P ＜ 0.05). The largest bacteria and fungi populations were in NF, while CF contained the greatest number of actinomycetes. There were also significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) with microbial respiration for forests and seasons. Additionally, compared with NF, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05)in CK and CF. Also, the correlations of soil hydrolysable N and available P to soil microbial and enzymatic activities were highly significant (P ＜ 0.01). Thus, to alter the traditional Chinese fir monoculture so as to mimic the natural forest conditions, managing mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaf trees or conducting crop rotation of conifers and broadleaf trees as well as minimizing forest disturbances like clear-cutting, slash burning and soil preparing, could be utilized.

关键词： chinese fir monoculture plantation natural forest soil enzymes soilmicrobes

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Models and form factors for stand volume estimation in natural forest ecosystems: a case study of Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KGWS), Bahraich District, India

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Journal of forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 217-226页

作者： V. A. J Adekunle K. N. Nair A. K. Srivastava N. K. Singh Federal University of Technology Dept of Forestry & Wood Technology National Botanical Research Institute (Council for Scientific & Industrial Research) Plant Diversity Systematics & Herbarium Division Rana Pratap Marg Department of forests Sidhauli Forest Division

In view of the difficulties in stand volume estimation in natural forests, we derived real form factors and models for volume estimation in these types of forest ecosystems, using Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary as a case study. Tree growth data were obtained for all trees （dbh 〉10 cm） in 4 plots （25 × 25 m） randomly located in each of three strata selected in the forest. The form factor calculated for the stand was 0.42 and a range of 0.42 0.57 was estimated for selected species （density 〉10）. The parameters of model variables were consistent with general growth trends of trees and each was statistically significant. There was no significant difference （p〉0.05） between the observed and predicted volumes for all models and there was very high correlation between observed and predicted volumes. The output of the performance statistics and the logical signs of the regression coefficients of the models demonstrated that they are useful for volume estimation with minimal error. Plotting the biases with respect to considerable regressor variables showed no meaningful and evident trend of bias values along with the independent variables. This showed that the models did not violate regression assumptions and there were no heteroscedacity or multiculnarity problems. We recommend use of the form factors and models in this ecosystem and in similar ones for stand and tree volume estimation.

关键词： natural forest tree volume Estimation biodiversity tree height forest inventory

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Carbon Return and Dynamics of Litterfall in natural forest and Monoculture Plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in Subtropical China

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forestry Studies in China 2004年第1期6卷 33-36页

作者： GuoJianfen XieJinsheng LuHaoliang LiuDongxia YangYusheng ChenGuangshui CollegeofLifeScience XiamenUniversityXiamen361005P.R.China Collegeofforestry FujianAgriculturalandForestryUniversityNanping353001ER.China CollegeofGeographyScience FujianNormalUniversityFuzhou350007P.R.China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility.

关键词： carbon return litterfall Castanopsis kawakamii Cunninghamia lanceolata natural forest monoculture plantation

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Comparative regeneration status in a natural forest and enrichment plantations of Chittagong (south) forest division, Bangladesh

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Journal of forestry Research 2004年第4期15卷 255-260页

作者： M. Kamal Hossain M. Lutfor Rahman A. T. M. Rafiqul Hoque M. Khairul Alam Institute of forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh Forest Botany Division Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Chittagong Bangladesh

The natural regeneration of the tree species in pure natural forest stand and enrichment plantations of Baraitali forest of Chittagong (South) forest Division, Bangladesh was studied by stratified random quadrat method during April 2002 to November 2002. Totally 100 plots of 3 m X 3 m in size represents a total of 64 regenerating tree species from natural forest with an average seedlings of 24767/hm2, while only 40 regenerating tree species were recorded from enrichment plan-tations with an average seedlings of 18633/hm2. Maximum regeneration in natural forest was found with Castanopsis spp. (2200 seedlings/hm2) followed by Glochidion lanceolarium (2183 /hm2) whereas, in enrichment plantations maximum regen-eration was found with Dipterocarpus gracilis (2117/hm2) followed by Anogeissus acuminata (2000/hm2). For natural forest, highest relative density was found for Castanopsis spp (8.88%), relative frequency for Glochidion lanceolarium (7.36%), rela-tive abundance for Syzygium spp. (3.79%) and Importance Value Index were recorded with Glochidion lanceolarium (18.24%). The corresponding values for enrichment plantations were highest with Dipterocarpus gracilis (11.36%), Glochidion lanceo-larium (9.71%), Dipterocarpus gracilis (5.92%), Glochidion lanceolarium (23.32%) respectively. Stem per hectare of some common trees with their seedlings and saplings in both the natural stands and enrichment plantations showed that only Dip-terocarpus gracilis successfully recruited in both sites but recruitment was higher in natural forest. Like many other primary rain forests, the Baraitoli forest typically has both substantial seedlings and soil seed bank from which regeneration may occur. The naturally regenerated seedlings are quite dense but it could not reach the pole stage due to human interference.

关键词： Regeneration natural forest Enrichment plantations Relative density Frequency Abundance Importance Value Index

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natural forests exhibit higher organic carbon concentrations and recalcitrant carbon proportions in soil than plantations:a global data synthesis

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 131-141页

作者： Xiuqing Nie Hui Wang Jian Wang Shirong Liu Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationNo.2 DongxiaofuHaidian DistrictBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Different chemical compositions of soil organic carbon(SOC)affect its persistence and whether it signifi-cantly differs between natural forests and plantations remains *** synthesizing 234 observations of SOC chemical compositions,we evaluated global patterns of concentra-tion,individual chemical composition(alkyl C,O-alkyl C,aromatic C,and carbonyl C),and their distribution *** results indicate a notably higher SOC,a markedly larger proportion of recalcitrant alkyl C,and lower easily decomposed carbonyl C proportion in natural ***-ever,SOC chemical compositions were appreciably more evenly distributed in *** on the assumed con-ceptual index of SOC chemical composition evenness,we deduced that,compared to natural forests,plantations may have higher possible resistance to SOC decomposition under *** tropical regions,SOC levels,recalcitrant SOC chemical composition,and their distributed evenness were significantly higher in natural forests,indicating that SOC has higher chemical stability and possible resistance to *** factors had minor effects on alkyl C in forests globally,while they notably affected SOC chemi-cal composition in tropical *** could contribute to the differences in chemical compositions and their distrib-uted evenness between plantations and natural stands.

关键词： Global data synthesis natural forest Plantations Soil organic carbon Soil organic carbon chemical composition

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Detecting the presence of natural forests using airborne laser scanning data

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forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 668-680页

作者： Marie-Claude Jutras-Perreault Terje Gobakken Erik Næsset Hans OleØrka Faculty of Environmental Sciences and natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesNMBUP.O.BoxNO-1432ÅsNorway

Centuries of forest exploitation have caused significant loss of natural forests in Europe,leading to a decline in populations for many *** prevent further loss in biodiversity,the Norwegian government has set a target of protecting 10%of the forested ***,recent data from the National forest Inventory(NFI)reveals that less than 2%of Norway's forested area consists of natural *** identify forests with high conservation value,we used vertical and horizontal variables derived from airborne laser scanning(ALS)data,along with NFI plot *** study aimed to predict the presence of natural forests across three counties in southeastern Norway,using three different definitions:pristine,near-natural,and semi-natural *** forests are scarce,and their underrepresentation in field reference data can compromise the accuracy of the *** address this,we assessed the potential gain of including additional field data specifically targeting natural forests to achieve a better balance in the ***,we examined the impact of stratifying the data by dominant tree species on the performance of the *** results revealed that semi-natural forests were the most accurately predicted,followed by near-natural and pristine forests,with Matthews correlation coefficient values of 0.32,0.24,and 0.17,*** additional field data did not improve the ***,stratification by species improved the accuracy of predictions for near-natural and semi-natural forests,while reducing accuracy for pristine *** use of horizontal variables did not improve the *** study demonstrates the potential of ALS data in identifying forests with high conservation *** provides a basis for further research on the use of ALS data for the detection and conservation of natural forests,offering valuable insights to guide future forest preservation efforts.

关键词： natural forest ALS naturalness Vertical variables Horizontal variables Biodiversity forest condition Ecosystem services

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Effects of fire disturbance on the forest structure and succession in the natural broad-leaved/Korean pine forest

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Journal of forestry Research 2003年第4期14卷 269-274页

作者：刘丽娟葛建平北京师范大学

Investigations on charcoal in the soil, fire-scarred trees, stand composition, forest structure as well as regeneration status were carried out in the natural broad-leaved/Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest after fire disturbance at Liangshui Nature Reserve on the mid-north of Xiaoxingan Mountains from 1990 to 1992, and the ecological effects of fire disturbance on the formation and succession of this kind of forest were analyzed according to the survey results. The average depth of charcoal in the soil was related to the timing of the fire. According to the characteristic of fire-scarred trees, the dynamic map of the fire behavior was drawn onto the topographic map. It showed that the dimension and extent of the fire disturbance was closely related with site conditions. Fire disturbance only led to a significant difference in stand composition and diameter class structure for the stands at different locations, rather than completely destroying the forest. After fire disturbance, the horizontal community structure was a mosaic of different patches, which were made up of different deciduous species or different sizes of Korean pines, and the succession trend of each patch was also different. In the sites with the heavy fire disturbance, the intolerant hardwood species were dominant, and there were a large number of regenerative Korean pine saplings under the canopy. In the moderate -disturbed sites, the tolerant hardwood species were dominant, and a small number of large size Korean pines still survived. In the light-disturbed sites, large size Korean pines were dominant.

关键词： Pinus koraiensis natural forest Fire disturbance Succession

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Mapping the potential distribution suitability of 16 tree species under climate change in northeastern China using Maxent modelling

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1739-1750页

作者： Dan Liu Xiangdong Lei Wenqiang Gao Hong Guo Yangsheng Xie Liyong Fu Yuancai Lei Yutang Li Zhuoli Zhang Shouzheng Tang Key Laboratory of forest Management and Growth Modelling National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationInstitute of Forest Resource Information TechniquesChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China Academy of forest Inventory and Planning of Jilin Province Changchun 130022People’s Republic of China

Knowledge on the potential suitability of tree species to the site is very important for forest management *** forest distribution provides a good reference for afforestation and forest *** this study,we developed species distribution model(SDM)for 16 major tree species with 2,825 permanent sample plots with natural origin from Chinese National forest Inventory data collected in Jilin Province using the Maxent *** types of environmental factors including bioclimate,soil and topography with a total of 33 variables were tested as the *** values of area under the curve(AUC,one of the receiver operating characteristics of the Maxent model)in the training and test datasets were between 0.784 and 0.968,indicating that the prediction results were quite *** environmental factors affecting the distribution of species were ranked in terms of their importance to the species ***,the climatic factors had the greatest contribution,which included mean diurnal range,annual mean temperature,temperature annual range,and *** the main environmental factors varied with tree *** suitability maps under current(1950-2000)and future climate scenarios(CCSM4-RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0 during 2050)were produced for 16 major tree species in Jilin Province using the model *** predicted current and future ranges of habitat suitability of the 16 tree species are likely to be positively and negatively affected by future *** tree species were found to benefit from future climate including B etula costata,Fraxinus mandshurica,Juglans mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense,Populus ussuriensis,Quercus mongolica and Ulmus pumila;five tree species will experience decline in their suitable habitat including ***,Tilia mongolica,Picea asperata,Pinus sylvestris,Pinus koraiensis;and four(Salix koreensis,Abies fabri,Pinus densiflora and Larix olgensis)showed the inconsistency under RCP 2.6 and RC

关键词： Species distribution model National forest inventory data natural forest Climate change Site suitability mapping Maxent modelling

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Functional trait space and redundancy of plant communities decrease toward cold temperature at high altitudes in Southwest China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 376-384页

作者： Lan Zhang Xiaojuan Liu Zhenhua Sun Wensheng Bu Franca J.Bongers Xiaoyang Song Jie Yang Zhenkai Sun Yin Li Shan Li Min Cao Keping Ma Nathan G.Swenson State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Key Laboratory of Tropical forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Key Laboratory of State forestry Administration on forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization Sanming UniversitySanming 365004China Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Plant communities in mountainous areas shift gradually as climatic conditions change with altitude. How trait structure in multivariate space adapts to these varying climates in natural forest stands is unclear. Studying the multivariate functional trait structure and redundancy of tree communities along altitude gradients is crucial to understanding how temperature change affects natural forest stands. In this study, the leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous content from 1,590 trees were collected and used to construct the functional trait space of 12 plant communities at altitudes ranging from 800 m to 3,800 m across three mountains. Hypervolume overlap was calculated to quantify species trait redundancy per community. First,hypervolumes of species exclusion and full species set were calculated, respectively. Second, the overlap between these two volumes was calculated to obtain hypervolume overlap. Results showed that the functional trait space significantly increased with mean annual temperature toward lower altitudes within and across three mountains, whereas species trait redundancy had different patterns between mountains. Thus, warming can widen functional trait space and alter the redundancy in plant communities. The inconsistent patterns of redundancy between mountains suggest that warming exerts varying influences on different ecosystems. Identification of climate-vulnerable ecosystems is important in the face of global warming.

关键词： leaf trait plant community hypervolume redundancy altitude natural forest

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