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The short and long-term effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on nitrifying sludge at high nitrite concentrations

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 222-231页

作者： Xiaolong Wang Jialu Huang Zhiqiang Qi Ruiqin Kang Chao Du Da Li School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of TechnologyAnyang 455000China Henan Licheng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Anyang 455000China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

The effect of nanoplastics(NPs)on nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB)community in treating high-strength wastewater remains unclear,which seriously affects the stability of nitrogen removal process.In this study,highly active nitrifying sludge was enriched and exposed to 50nm polystyrene NPs(PS-NPs)for short-term(1,100,500,and 1000 mg/L,1.5 hr)and long-term(1,10,100 mg/L,40 days)at high nitrite concentration.In contrast to previous studies,our results showed that the exposures to PS-NPs had little effect on nitrifying performances.After long-term exposure,the protein/polysaccharide ratios in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)were positively correlated with PS-NPs concentrations(0.78–0.99).The produced reactive oxygen species(ROS)were gradually removed,and PS-NPs higher than 10 mg/L caused damage to membrane integrity.Long-term exposure for 40 days increased the community diversity and caused significant differences between the control and exposed communities.The control group were dominated by Nitrobacter and Exiguobacterium,while the exposure group was dominated by Bacillus,Mycobacterium,and Nitrospira.A noticeable shift in the NOB community from Nitrobacter(26.5%to 3.4%)to Nitrospira(1.61%to 14.27%)was observed.A KEGG analysis indicated a decrease in cell growth and death,cell motility and energy metabolism.It appeared that NOB could adapt to PS-NPs stress through enhanced secretion and removal of oxidative damage.Overall,this study provided new insights into the response mechanism of NOB to PS-NPs exposure.

关键词： nanoplastics Nitrifying activity Extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) Exposure Community analysis

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Polystyrene nanoplastics induce glycolipid metabolism disorder via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 553-566页

作者： Xingpei Fan Xiaoyan Li Jiaxin Li Yuxia Zhang Xiangjuan Wei Hailong Hu Boya Zhang Haining Du Meimei Zhao Ruijiao Zhu Daqian Yang Yuri Oh Ning Gu School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150006China Department of Medicine Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionDepartment of GeneticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104USA Faculty of Education Wakayama UniversityWakayama 640-8441Japan

nanoplastics-induced developmental and reproductive toxicity,neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity are a focus of widespread attention.However,the effects of nanoplastics(NPs)on glycolipid metabolism and the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear at present.Here,we showed that oral administration of polystyrene nanoparticles(PS-NPs)disrupts glycolipid metabolism,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)identified as a potential key signaling molecule.After PS-NPs treatment,excessive production of ROS induced the infammatory response and activated the antioxidant pathway through nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2.The activation of nuclear factor-κB(NFκB)signaling pathway induced the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)signaling pathway,which induced the activation of extracellular regulated kinases(ERK)and p38.Constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling proteins induced high continued phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1,in turn,leading to decreased protein kinase B(Akt)activity,which weakened the sensitivity of liver cells to insulin signals and induced insulin resistance.In parallel,phosphorylation of Akt led to loss of control of Fo XO1,a key gene of gluconeogenesis,activating transcription of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6PC)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)in a manner dependent on PGC1α.Moreover,the activated ERK promoted lipid accumulation through ERK-PPARγcascades.Therefore,sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and levels of its downstream lipogenic enzymes,ACC-1,were up-regulated.Upon treatment with the antioxidant resveratrol,PS-NPs-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorders were improved by inhibiting ROS-induced activation of NFκB and MAPK signaling pathway in mice.Based on above,PS-NPs exposure disrupts glycolipid metabolism in mice,with ROS identified as a potential key signaling molecule.

关键词： nanoplastics Resveratrol Hyperglycemia Lipid metabolism Infammatory response Reactive oxygen species(ROS)

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Impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on liver health:Current understanding and future research directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1011-1017页

作者： Chun-Cheng Chiang Hsuan Yeh Ruei-Feng Shiu Wei-Chun Chin Tzung-Hai Yen School of Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Experimental Pathology Department of PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Endocrinology Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Center of Excellence for The Oceans National Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung 20224Taiwan Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung 20224TaiwanChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California MercedMercedCA 95343United States Department of Nephrology Clinical Poison CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333TaiwanChina College of Medicine Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333TaiwanChina

With continuous population and economic growth in the 21st century,plastic pollution is a major global issue.However,the health concern of microplastics/nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)decomposed from plastic wastes has drawn public attention only in the recent decade.This article summarizes recent works dedicated to understanding the impact of MPs/NPs on the liver-the largest digestive organ,which is one of the primary routes that MPs/NPs enter human bodies.The interrelated mechanisms including oxidative stress,hepatocyte energy re-distribution,cell death and autophagy,as well as immune responses and inflammation,were also featured.In addition,the disturbance of microbiome and gut-liver axis,and the association with clinical diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,steatohepatitis,liver fibrosis,and cirrhosis were briefly discussed.Finally,we discussed potential directions in regard to this trending topic,highlighted current challenges in research,and proposed possible solutions.

关键词： Microplastics nanoplastics Liver Reactive oxidative species Cell death Autophagy Innate immunity Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Gut-liver axis

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Recent progress and future directions of the research on nanoplastic-induced neurotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 331-335页

作者： Seung-Woo Han Jinhee Choi Kwon-Yul Ryu Department of Life Science University of SeoulSeoulSouth Korea School of Environmental Engineering University of SeoulSeoulSouth Korea

Many types of plastic products,including polystyrene,have long been used in commercial and industrial applications.Microplastics and nanoplastics,plastic particles derived from these plastic products,are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms,including humans.However,it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress responses.Humans can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion,inhalation,or skin contact.Most ingested plastics are excreted from the body,but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain route.Small-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis,accumulate in the cytoplasm,and cause various cellular stresses,such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production,oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species,and mitochondrial dysfunction.They induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation,but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal dysfunction.Unless permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics,they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular function.However,neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress,thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without recovery.This review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Furthermore,in this review,based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons,future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.

关键词： autophagy cellular stress cytotoxicity endocytosis exocytosis inflammation microplastics nanoplastics neurotoxicity oxidative stress polystyrene

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The Uptake and Distribution Evidence of Nano-and Microplastics in vivo after a Single High Dose of Oral Exposure

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 31-41页

作者： HONG Tao SUN Wei DENG Yuan LYU Jian Da JIN Cui Hong BAI Ying Long NA Jun ZHANG Rui GAO Yuan PAN Guo Wei YANG Zuo Sen YAN Ling Jun Research Center for Universal Health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Department of Pain Management Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004LiaoningChina Department of Toxicology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Institute of Preventive Medicine China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Institute of Chronic Diseases Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenyang 110000LiaoningChina

Objective Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in vivo.Methods Fluorescent microspheres(100 nm,3μm,and 10μm)were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight).The fluorescence intensity(FI)in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after administration.Histopathology was performed to corroborate these findings.Results In the 100 nm group,the FI of the stomach and small intestine were highest at 0.5 h,and the FI of the large intestine,excrement,lung,kidney,liver,and skeletal muscles were highest at 4 h compared with the control group(Pnanoplastics translocated rapidly to observed organs/tissues through blood circulation;however,only small amounts of MPs could penetrate the organs.

关键词： Microplastics nanoplastics IVIS Spectrum small-animal imaging system Tissue distribution Blood

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Evidence on Invasion of Blood,Adipose Tissues,Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure:nanoplastics versus Microplastics

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期35卷 1025-1037页

作者： YANG Zuo Sen BAI Ying Long JIN Cui Hong NA Jun ZHANG Rui GAO Yuan PAN Guo Wei YAN Ling Jun SUN Wei Institute of Preventive Medicine China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Institute of Chronic Diseases Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenyang 110000LiaoningChina Department of Maternal and Child Health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Department of Toxicology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Research Center for Universal Health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina

Objective This study was designed to provide the evidences on the toxicokinetics of microplastics(MPs)and nanoplastics(NPs)in the bodies of mammals.Methods 100 nm,3μm,and 10μm fluorescent polystyrene(PS)beads were administered to mice once by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.The levels and change of fluorescence intensity in samples of blood,subcutaneous fat,perirenal fat,peritesticular fat,cerebrum,cerebellum,testis,and epididymis were measured at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after administration using an IVIS Spectrum small-animal imaging system.Histological examination,confocal laser scanning,and transmission electron microscope were performed to corroborate the findings.Results After confirming fluorescent dye leaching and impact of pH value,increased levels of fluorescence intensity in blood,all adipose tissues examined,cerebrum,cerebellum,and testis were measured in the 100 nm group,but not in the 3 and 10μm groups except in the cerebellum and testis at 4 h for the 3μm PS beads.The presence of PS beads was further corroborated.Conclusion After a single oral exposure,NPs are absorbed rapidly in the blood,accumulate in adipose tissues,and penetrate the blood-brain/testis barriers.As expected,the toxicokinetics of MPs is significantly size-dependent in mammals.

关键词： Adipose accumulation Blood-brain barrier Blood-testis barrier Blood uptake Microplastics nanoplastics

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Stress response to nanoplastics with different charges in Brassica napus L.during seed germination and seedling growth stages

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 41-52页

作者： Tao Li Xiufeng Cao Rui Zhao Zhaojie Cui School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Municipal&Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China

Nanoplastic pollution has become a significant problem in farmland systems worldwide.However,research on the effects of nanoplastics(NPs)with different charges on field crops is still limited.In our study,NPs with different charges,including unmodified polystyrene nanoplastics(PS),positively charged polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NH_(2)),and negatively charged polystyrene nanoplastics(PSSO3H),were investigated for their impacts on seed germination and seedling growth of rape.The results showed that seed water uptake(after 12 h),seed germination,seed vigour,and relative root elongation were all significantly reduced under exposure to NPs(200 mg/L).Similarly,remarkable decreases in plant biomass(root weight,shoot weight),growth(root length,plant height),photosynthesis ability(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids),essential nutrient uptake(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu),and plant quality(soluble protein,soluble sugar,crude fibre content)of rape seedlings were also observed after exposure to NPs.Among the three kinds of NPs,PS-NH_(2)showed stronger effects.Moreover,superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase activities of rape seedlings were changed,and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased under exposure to NPs.Furthermore,positively charged PS-NH_(2)showed stronger effects on the phenotype,physiology,biochemistry,nutrient uptake,and plant quality of rape.Notably,a comprehensive toxicity evaluation revealed that PS-NH_(2)had the strongest toxicity to rape.The present study provides important implications for the interaction and risk assessment of NPs and crops in soil-plant systems.

关键词： nanoplastics Rape(Brassica napus L.) Physiology and biochemistry Nutrient absorption Plant quality Toxicity

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Investigating Microplastics and nanoplastics Released from a Rubber Band Used for Orthodontic Treatment with Improved Raman Imaging Algorithms

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环境与健康(英文) 2023年第1期1卷 63-71页

作者： Cheng Fang Olalekan Simon Awoyemi Yunlong Luo Ravi Naidu Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER)and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment(CRC CARE) University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER) University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Most teenagers experience orthodontic treatment,but we do not know the possible adverse effect of the released microplastics and nanoplastics that are recently categorized as emerging contaminants.Herein,we test the rubber band that has been employed to improve the biting of teeth during the orthodontic process to confirm the release of microplastics and nanoplastics.We improve the characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics by(i)Raman imaging,to extract and map the signal from the scanning spectrum matrix or the hyperspectral matrix and to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio statistically.To effectively extract the signal,(ii)chemometrics such as principal component analysis(PCA)are explored to convert the hyperspectral matrix to an image with an increased certainty.The nonsupervised PCA is intentionally corrected,via(iii)the algebra-based algorithm,to further increase the certainty to image the microplastics and nanoplastics.Once the signal is weak,(iv)an additional algorithm of image reconstruction via deconvolution is developed to average the background noise and smooth the image.By doing so,we estimate that millions of microplastics and nanoplastics are released daily in potential from a rubber band applied in a teenager's mouth,which might be a big concern.Overall,our approach provides a suitable option to characterize the microplastics and nanoplastics from a complex background.

关键词： orthodontics rubber band microplastics nanoplastics Raman imaging algorithm deconvolution

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Analytical methods and environmental processes of nanoplastics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第8期32卷 88-99页

作者： Peng Li Qingcun Li Zhineng Hao Sujuan Yu Jingfu Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics(NPs).Their high specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent priority.However,there is very limited understanding on the occurrence,distribution,abundant,and fate of NPs in the environment,partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for the separation and identification of NPs from complex environmental matrices.In this review,we first overviewed the state-of-the-art methods for the extraction,separation,identification and quantification of NPs in the environment.Some of them have been successfully applied for the field determination of NPs,while some are borrowed from the detection of microplastics or engineered nanomaterials.Then the possible fate and transport of NPs in the environment are thoroughly described.Although great efforts have been made during the recent years,large knowledge gaps still exist,such as the relatively high detection limit of existing method failing to detect ultralow masses of NPs in the environment,and spherical polystyrene NP models failing to represent the various compositions of NPs with different irregular shapes,which needs further investigation.

关键词： nanoplastics Separation Identification Quantification Fate

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Challenges in characterization of nanoplastics in the environment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 141-143页

作者： Wen Zhang Qi Wang Hao Chen John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

Plastic pollution has been a legacy environment problems and more recently,the plastic particles,especially those ultrafine or small plastics particles,are widely recognized with increasing environmental and ecological impacts.Among small plastics,microplastics are intensively studied,whereas the physicochemical properties,environmental abundance,chemical states,bioavailability and toxicity toward organisms of nanoplastics are inadequately investigated.There are substantial difficulties in separation,visualization and chemical identification of nanoplastics due to their small sizes,relatively low concentrations and interferences from coexisting substances(e.g.,dyes or natural organic matters).Moreover,detection of polymers at nanoscale is largely hampered by the detection limit or sensitivity for existing spectral techniques such as Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)or Raman Spectroscopy.This article critically examined the current state of art techniques that are exclusively reported for nanoplastic characterization in environmental samples.Based on their operation principles,potential applications and limitations of these analytical techniques are carefully analyzed.

关键词： nanoplastics Microplastics Plastic characterization Particle separation

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