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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 491-537页

作者： Teun Boekhout Anthony S.Amend Fouad El Baidouri Toni Gabaldón József Geml Moritz Mittelbach Vincent Robert Chen Shuhui Tan Benedetta Turchetti Duong Vu Qi-Ming Wang Andrey Yurkov Westerdijk Institute of Fungal Biodiversity Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics(IBED) University of AmsterdamSciencepark 9041098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands School of Life Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa2538 McCarthy MallEdmonson 216HonoluluHI 96822USA Barcelona Supercomputing Centre(BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona2908034 BarcelonaSpain Institute for Research in Biomedicine(IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBaldiri Reixac1008028 BarcelonaSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) BarcelonaSpain MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group Eszterházy Károly UniversityLeányka u.6.3300 EgerHungary Senate Department for the Environment Transport and Climate ProtectionBerlinGermany The Yeasts Foundation UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiChina Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures BrunswickGermany

Yeasts,usually defined as unicellular fungi,occur in various fungal ***,they are not a taxonomic unit,but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated *** the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed,at the current rate it will likely take hundreds of years,if ever,before they will all be *** parts of the earth,including many threatened habitats,remain unsampled for yeasts and many others are only superficially *** habitats,such as glaciers,are home to a specific community of cold-adapted yeasts,and,hence,there is some urgency to study such environments at locations where they might disappear soon due to anthropogenic climate *** same is true for yeast communities in various natural forests that are impacted by deforestation and forest *** countries of the so-called Global South have not been sampled for yeasts,despite their economic ***,extensive research activity in Asia,especially China,has yielded many taxonomic *** genomics stud-ies have demonstrated the presence of yeast species with a hybrid origin,many of them isolated from clinical or industrial ***-metabarcoding studies have demonstrated the prevalence,and in some cases dominance,of yeast species in soils and marine waters worldwide,including some surprising distributions,such as the unexpected and likely common presence of Malassezia yeasts in marine habitats.

关键词： Yeasts Ascomycota Basidiomycota Diversity CBD nagoya protocol Soil DNA-metabarcoding Marine Malassezia Cold environments China

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The Categories and Benefit-sharing of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2011年第1期2卷 29-33页

作者：薛达元中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院北京100081 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所南京210042

A milestone in the Year of Biodiversity is that the nagoya protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD） was adopted in the 10th Conference of Parties （COP 10） held in nagoya, Japan, Oct 18- 29, 2010. Traditional knowledge （TK） is a key issue in the protocol’s text and its negotiating period. This paper aimed to protect TK by defining its concepts and categories and promoting benefit-sharing with TK’s holders. Based on the analysis for the TK concepts of relevant international organizations and conventions, in particularly on the author’s current years’ research work on TK in the ethnic areas of China, this paper proposes the categories and the classification system for the TK associated with biological resources, i.e. （i） the knowledge for traditional use of agricultural bio-species and genetic resources; （ii） the knowledge for traditional use of medicinal bio-species;（iii） traditional technical innovations for bio- resource use and traditional practices for farming and living styles; （iv） traditional cultures such as customary laws and community protocols that are related to conservation and sustainable use of bio-resources; and （v） traditional geographically biological indicators. Furthermore, this paper introduced the provisions for access and benefit-sharing of TK and proposed to share fairly and equitably the benefits produced from use of TK with indigenous people, local communities and other kinds of holders such as a country for the ancient documented TK. In addition, aimed to the existing problems for traditional knowledge protection, the national strategy for TK protection was introduced and measures for TK inheritance, development, utilization and protection measures were put forward, which are significant for TK’s popularization and beneficial to local communities of the ethnic groups in China.

关键词： traditional knowledge (TK) category benefit-sharing biodiversity genetic resources nagoya protocol

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