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Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2535-2546页

作者： Xin JIA Zhiping ZHANG Yonggang SUN Runqi JIANG Shuangwen YI Wei CHEN Jue SUN Guoqiang LI Shuzhi WANG Enrui LI Xiaonong HU Qingchun BAO Harry F.LEE Huayu LU Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Schlool of History and Culture Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western china’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Ulanqab Museum Ulanqab 012000China The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hohhot 010011China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Environmental Archaeology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern china remains in *** central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern *** study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research *** on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was *** that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this *** results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 *** phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin *** propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern china around 8.4 *** study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern china and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.

关键词： Origin of agriculture Accumulative environmental effects Yumin Culture northern china Holocene

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Effects of Enclosure on Grassland Ecological and Economic Benefits in northern china

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 67-78页

作者： HU Bo WEN Qingke XI Fengjiang LI Mengyao WANG Libing REN Yuejuan Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Inner Mongolia Remote Sensing Center Co. Ltd.Huhhot010000China Xilinhot the Maodeng pasture Xilinhot026000China china University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116China Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Resources Environment and Disaster MonitoringCoal Geological Geophysical Exploration Surveying&Mapping Institute of Shanxi ProvinceJinzhong030600China

Grasslands in northern china serve the country as both an ecological barrier and a livestock production ***,installing enclosures has been becoming the major grassland restoration measure adopted by many local ***,the effects of restoration on both ecological and production benefits of grassland remain unclear for implemented grassland restoration ***,a representative rangeland in northern china,the Maodeng pasture in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected as the study area,and remote sensing monitoring analyses were carried out to quantify the ecological benefits and economic benefits from 2015 to *** results showed that:1) in terms of ecological benefits,the grassland area with a grassland coverage rate of more than 60% accounts for 32.3% of the regional area,and 86.4% of its grassland grew significantly better than the same period in2015,showing a significant improvement in grassland *** the average amount of carbon per unit area as the ecological benefit evaluation index,it increased by 27.1% to 32.48Tg C/yr from 2015 to 2021.2) In terms of economic benefits,both theoretical grass production and livestock carrying capacity increased from 2015 to *** to 2015,the theoretical grass production in 2021 increased by 24.8% to 71 900 *** livestock carrying capacity reached 52 100 sheep units in 2021,nearly 11 000 sheep units more than that in *** the study period,multiple economic indicators(on a per capita basis of permanent residents) for the pastoral area of Xilinhot City to which the Maodeng pasture belongs,have grown *** capita total income rose from 29 630 yuan(RMB) in2015 to 62 859 yuan(RMB) in *** on grassland resources to develop the pastoral ecology also broadens the potential economic development ***,the establishment of the reserve and the experiment of implanting an enclosure policy have had a significant and positive impact on Maodeng pasture’s develo

关键词： enclosure grassland ecological benefit economic benefit Maodeng pasture Inner Mongolia northern china

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Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,northern china

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1197-1213页

作者： Xijiri ZHOU Ruiping BAO Baorong Burenjirigala College of Geographical Science Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhot 010022China Dongsheng District Sub-bureau of Ordos Natural Resources Bureau Ordos 017000China Chifeng University Chifeng 024000China

Protection and optimization of cultivated land resources are of great significance to national food *** land conversion in northern china has increased in recent years due to the industrialization and urbanization of ***,the assessment of cultivated land conversion in this area is insufficient,posing a potential risk to cultivated land *** study evaluated the evolution and spatiotemporal patterns of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,china,and the driving factors to improve rational utilization and to protect cultivated land *** spatiotemporal patterns of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia were analyzed using the cultivated land conversion index,kernel density analysis,a standard deviation ellipse model,and a geographic *** showed that from 2000 to 2020,the trends in cultivated land conversion area and rate in Inner Mongolia exhibited fluctuating growth,with the total area of cultivated land conversion reaching 7307.59 km^(2) at a rate of 6.69%.Spatial distribution of cultivated land conversion was primarily concentrated in the Hetao Plain,Nengjiang Plain,Liaohe Plain,and the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos urban ***,the standard deviational ellipse of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia exhibited a directional southwest-northeast-southwest-northeast distribution,with the northeast-southwest direction identified as the main driving force of spatial change in cultivated land ***,cultivated land conversion exhibited an increase-decrease-increase change process,indicating that spatial distribution of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia became gradually apparent within the study *** geographic detector results further revealed that the main driving factors of cultivated land conversion in Inner Mongolia were the share of secondary and tertiary industries and per-unit area yield of grain,with explanatory rates of 57.00%,55.0

关键词： cultivated land conversion spatiotemporal variation standard deviation elliptical models geographic detector northern china

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Assessment of desertification sensitivity using an improved MEDALUS model in northern china

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第3期16卷 141-148页

作者： NingJing Tan CaiXia Zhang YingYing Wu ZhenTing Wang Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

Assessment of land sensitivity to desertification is an important step to support desertification monitoring and *** on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use(MEDALUS)model,we defined four quality indicators(soil,climate,vegetation and management)to evaluate the sensitivity of land in northern china to *** improved MEDALUS via excluding cities from the areas at risk of desertification by means of defining a threshold value for population *** framework,validated in northern china,further optimizes the model to link priority areas and land restoration programmed to support desertification *** found that the four indicators influenced and restricted each other,which jointly affected the distribution of desertification sensitivity in northern *** spatial distribution of sensitivity in northern china showed large regional differences,with clear boundaries and concentrated distributions of regions with high and low sensitivity;the overall sensitivity decreased,with some areas rated as having moderate,severe,and extremely severe sensitivity changing to slight sensitivity;and the influence weight was much higher for the management quality index than for the climate,vegetation,and soil *** suggests that management was the main factor that affected desertification sensitivity in northern china,and that climate factors exacerbated sensitivity,but the factors that are driving the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors need further study。

关键词： Desertification Sensitivity MEDALUS Factor analysis northern china

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Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over northern china： the impacts of heterogeneous oxidation by NO2

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 165-175页

作者： Meng Gao Gregory R. Carmichael Yuesi Wang Dongsheng Ji Zirui Liu Zifa Wang Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North china, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity （RH） were simulated well （mean biases are 0.2K and 2.7%, respectively）, but wind speeds were overestimated （mean bias is 0.5 m.s -1）. At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide （SO2） concentrations were overpredicted and sulfhte concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO2 emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO2 emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO2 by nitrogen dioxide （NO2） on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO2 emissions do not significantly affect sulthte concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO2 by NO, substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO2 to sulfate conversion in the HetS （heterogeneous oxidation by NO2） case reduces SO2 concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO2 concentrations in the North china Plain （NCP） are mostly due to errors in SO2 emission inventory.

关键词： Sulfate aerosols Winter haze WRF-Chem northern china

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Association of Sandstone-Type Uranium Mineralization in the northern china with Tectonic Movements and Hydrocarbons

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 289-307页

作者： Yin Chen Peisen Miao Jianguo Li Ruoshi Jin Hualei Zhao Lulu Chen CongWang HaoyuYu Xiaoru Zhang Tianjin Center China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Key Laboratory of Uranium Geology China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources China Geological SurveyBeijing 100192China National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology Tianjin 300112China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey of Natural Resources Guangzhou 510075China Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute Co.LTD. Shanghai 200092China

In the continental basins of northern china(NC),a series of energy resources commonly co-exist in the same *** the three typical superimposed basins of different genesis in the NC,the Junggar,Ordos,and Songliao basins were chosen as the research *** favorable uraniumbearing structures are generally shown as a basin-margin slope or transition belt of uplifts with the development of faults,which are conducive to a fluid circulation *** Hercynian,Indosinian,and Yanshanian movements resulted in the development of uranium-rich intrusions which acted as the significant uranium *** main hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in the Carboniferous,Permian,Jurassic and *** mature stage of source rocks is concentrated in the Jurassic–Cretaceous,followed by the multi-stage expulsion *** by the India-Eurasian collision and the subduction of the Pacific Plate,the tectonic transformation in the Late Yanshanian and Himalayan periods significantly influenced the sandstone-type uranium *** hydrocarbon reservoirs are spatially consistent with sandstone-type uranium deposits,while the hydrocarbon expulsion events occur in sequence with sandstone-type uranium *** the periphery of the faults or the uplifts,both fluids met and formed uranium *** regional tectonic movements motivate the migration of hydrocarbon fluids and uranium mineralization,especially the Himalayan movement.

关键词： sandstone-type uranium deposits northern china hydrocarbon reservoirs tectonic evolution fluid ore deposit geology

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RECONSTRUCTION OF PRECIPITATION SERIES AND ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER PAST 500 YEARS IN northern china

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第6期17卷 737-745页

作者： RONG Yan-shu TU Qi-pu College of water Resources and Environment Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science Tianjin 300074 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

It is important and necessary to get a much longer precipitation series in order to research features of drought/flood and climate change. Based on dryness and wetness grades series of 18 stations in northern china of 533 years from 1470 to 2002, the Moving Cumulative Frequency Method （MCFM） was developed, moving average precipitation series from 1499 to 2002 were reconstructed by testing three kinds of average precipitation, and the features of ell mate change and dry and wet periods were researched by using reconstructed precipitation series in the present paper. The results showed that there were good relationship between the reconstructed precipitation series and the observation precipiration series sincc 1954 and their relative root mean-square error were below 1.89%, that the relation between reconstructed series and the dryness and wetness grades series were nonlinear and this nonlinear relation implied that reconstructed series were reliable and could became foundation data for researching evolution of the drought and flood. Analysis of climate change upon reconstructed precipitation series revealed that although drought intensity of recent dry period from mid- dle 1970s of 20th century until early 21st century was not the strongest in historical climate of northern china, intensity and duration of wet period was a great deal decreasing and shortening respectively, climate evolve to aridification situa- tion in northern china.

关键词： reconstruction series dryness and wetness grades series precipitation series climate change northern china

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Human health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate at a two geomorphic units transition zone in northern china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第12期33卷 38-47页

作者： Huiliang Wang Keyu Lu Chenyang Shen Xiaoguang Song Bin Hu Gang Liu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Water Conservancy Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment ZhengzhouHenan 450001China Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Shijiazhuang 050081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

To assess groundwater nitrate contamination and its human health risks,489 unconfined groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from Zhangjiakou,northern *** spatial distribution of principle hydrogeochemical results showed that the average concentrations of ions in descend order was HCO3-,SO42-,Na+,Ca2+,Cl-,NO3-,Mg2+and K+,among which the NO3-concentrations were between 0.25 and 536.73 mg/L with an average of 29.72 mg/*** total,167 out of 489 samples(34%)exceeded the recommended concentration of 20 mg/L in Quality Standard for Groundwater of *** high NO3-concentration groundwater mainly located in the northern part and near the boundary of the two geomorphic *** revealed by statistical analysis,the groundwater chemistry was more significantly affected by anthropogenic sources than by the geogenic ***,human health risks of groundwater nitrate through oral and dermal exposure pathways were assessed by model,the results showed that about 60%,50%,32%and 26%of the area exceeded the acceptable level(total health index>1)for infants,children,adult males and females,*** health risks for different groups of people varied significantly,ranked:infants>children>adult males>adult females,suggesting that younger people are more susceptible to nitrate contamination,while females are more resistant to nitrate contamination than *** ensure the drinking water safety in Zhangjiakou and its downstream areas,proper management and treatment of groundwater will be necessary to avoid the health risks associated with nitrate contamination.

关键词： Hydrochemical characteristics Nitrate contamination Human health risk assessment Spatial distribution northern china

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Spatiotemporal variation of forest land and its driving factors in the agropastoral ecotone of northern china

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： WANG Shiqing TAO Zefu SUN Piling CHEN Sijia SUN Huiying LI Nan School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276826China Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction Rizhao 276962China College of Land Science and Technology China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China

As an important natural resource,forest land plays a key role in the maintenance of ecological ***,variations of forest land in the agropastoral ecotone of northern china(AENC)have attracted little *** the AENC as an example and based on remote-sensing images from 2000,2010 to 2020,we explored the spatiotemporal variation of forest land and its driving factors using the land-use transfer matrix,spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial error *** results showed that from 2000 to 2020,the total area of forest land in the AENC increased from 75,547.52 to 77,359.96 km^(2) and the changes were dominated by the transformations among forest land,grassland and cropland,which occurred mainly in areas with the elevation of 500-2000 m and slope of 15°-25°.There was obvious spatial agglomeration of forest land in the AENC from 2000 to 2020,with hot spots of forest land gathered in the southern marginal areas of the Yanshan Mountains and the low mountainous and hilly areas of the Loess *** sub-hot spots around hot spots moved southward,the sub-cold spots spread to the surrounding areas and the cold spots *** spatiotemporal variation of forest land resulted from the interactions of natural environment,socioeconomic and policy factors from 2000 to *** variables of average annual precipitation,slope,terrain relief,ecological conversion program and afforestation policy for barren mountains affected the spatial pattern of forest land positively,while those of annual average temperature,slope and road network density influenced it negatively.

关键词： forest land spatiotemporal variation driving factors spatial error model agropastoral ecotone northern china

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The evolution of prehistoric arrowheads in northern china and its influential factors

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Science china Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2109-2124页

作者： Juanting YAO Huan XIA Ting LI Dongpeng LIN Yuanxin LI Xuke SHEN Jian WANG Dongju ZHANG Key Laboratory of Western china’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Prehistoric projectile weapons are crucial for understanding the hunting behavior,survival strategies,and subsistence patterns of prehistoric *** were the primary prehistoric projectile weapon,and here we review the spatiotemporal distribution and changes in the morphology,quantity,and materials composition of arrowheads in the northern regions of china from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods to the Bronze Age,together with the factors that influenced these *** results reveal that primitive stone arrowheads appeared sporadically in the Middle Paleolithic ***,the“broad spectrum revolution”and microblade technology during the Upper Paleolithic promoted the regional-scale diffusion of broad and thick stone arrowheads in northern *** the Neolithic period,relatively narrow and thin stone and bone arrowheads spread rapidly across the entire Yellow River Basin and most of northeastern *** dominance of these two types of arrowheads alternated,during the period of 7000–5000 yr BP,the number of arrowheads peaked,possibly closely related to changes in the role of hunting(fishing and hunting)and gathering in the subsistence economy,human population size,and the emergence and development of a grinding *** the Bronze Age,a significant number of bronze arrowheads appeared,and the total number of arrowheads increased again,and their distribution expanded to northwestern *** emergence of a bronze smelting technology and inter-group conflicts may have been the primary factors influencing this *** results demonstrate that arrowheads were always an essential component of prehistoric tool *** to technological developments in subsistence strategies,the morphology,function,and popularity of arrowheads underwent substantial changes during different ***,a comprehensive study of prehistoric arrowheads can help better understand the subsistence patterns and processes of economic and societa

关键词： northern china Prehistoric arrowheads Spatio-temporal distribution Morphology changes Subsistence patterns

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